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1.
Statistical analysis was conducted on sow stillbirth traits of three mating types with 1686 litters including Erhualian, Large White and F1. The number of stillborn piglets per litter (NSB) in Erhualian,Large White and Fl averaged 0.87, 0.32, 0.72, and the percentage born alive (PBA) averaged 95.1%,97.1%, 95.7%, respectively. The Erhualian pig with a higher litter size also had a higher stillbirth rate. The results of the variance analysis indicated that the mating type, parity, farrowing year × farrowing season interaction and the total number born had highly significant effects on both NSB and PBA in sows (P ＜ 0.001).Farrowing season had highly significant effects on NSB (P ＜ 0.01), and significant effects on PBA (P ＜0.05). Farrowing year had no significant effects on NSB ( P ＞ 0.05), and highly significant effects on PBA (P＜0.01). From parity 1 to parity 10, the least square means for NSB progressively increased with increasing parity, the least square means for PBA progressively decreased with increasing parity. The sows farrowed in winter had the highest NSB and the lowest PBA, the sows farrowed in autumn had the lowest NSB and the highest PBA. The least square means for NSB markedly increased with an increase in the total number born,indicating that the positive phenotypic correlation existed between them. The least square means for PBA markedly decreased with an increase in the total number born, indicating that the negative phenotypic correlation existed between them. The estimating results of the paternal half sib indicated that the heritabilities for NSB and PBA were 0.111 and 0.123, the genetic correlation, phenotypic correlation and environmental correlation between them were - 0.985, - 0.947 and - 0.942, respectively.  相似文献   

2.
The study aims at finding alternative interventions for the prevention ofE. coli infection in piglets so as to boost farmers＇ benefits and improve environment in the area. Data were collected from one experimental group consisting of 210 small pig holder farms and one control group of 70 farms. All of 280 litters and sows were analyzed and the techniques of early vaccination at 60-80 d of pregnant （time 1） were applied and repeated after 10 d with E. coli vaccine to produce antibodies through milk. The percentage of piglets with diarrhea caused by E. coli significantly decreased from 75.7% to 18.9%. Injection of E. coli vaccine for the pregnant sows created antibodies for young piglets through colostrums. The treatment of E. coli cost 45,420 Vietnam Dong （VND） per litter in the experimental group and that was 156,000 VND/litter in the control group. Use of betel-bokashi （bio-product as plant antibiotics and Lactobacillus） to treat piglet diarrhea was proved safe and effective. Litter size and average weight at birth and weaning were improved significantly （P 〈 0.05）. The average weaned weight of piglets and sows were 11.2 kg and 118.6 kg in the experimental group, compared to 9.4 kg and 89.9 kg in the control group, respectively. Piglets in the experimental group had good health, no diarrhea and a shorter weaning time （2 d） and mating interval 2.22 days earlier than those in the control group. The average profit of 210 households was significantly higher in the experiment group： feed-cost was much lower than that in the control group. Small-holder farms implementing the experiments of applying the techniques received more financial profit, which was 1,502,000 VND per year per sow, while those who did not apply the techniques gained only 223,000 VND per year per sow.  相似文献   

3.
Twelve litters of new born piglets were divided randomly into groups Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ and Ⅳ, and weaned at 17, 21, 28 and 35 days of age, respectively, to determine the effect of weaning age on pancreatic and intestinal chymotrypsin activity in piglets. The results showed that the relative and specific activity of pancreatic chymotrypsin increased significantly 12h after weaning compared with that of sucking piglets at the same age and then decreased and remained low for 2 - 3 weeks after weaning. Total pancreatic chymotrypsin activity had no change with the increase of pancreas weight during day 18 - 50 regardless of weaning (P ＞0.05). Chymotrypsin activity of jejunum had the same change as that of pancreas during sulking stage.Jejunum chymotrypin activity decreased in the first week post-weaning in the piglets weaned before day 28, but had no change in groups weaned at 28 or 35 days. The earlier the weaning age, the longer the restoring time.Chymotrypsin activity in jejunum is more sensitive to the effects of weaning age than in duodenum and ileum.  相似文献   

4.
The effects of oral insulin on intestinal tissue growth and brush border enzyme activities in newborn pigs were examined in this study. Newborn unsuckled pigs were bottle-fed for 3 days with artificial milk (M), milk supplemented with 60 mIUmL^-1 of insulin (IM) or hydrolyzed milk (HM). Compared with newborn unsuckled pigs, piglets bottle-fed for 3 days all gained in intestinal weight and length significantly despite a mild loss in body weight during the experimental period. The activities of lactase and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the small intestinal mucosa declined markedly in pigs fed with M, but the activity of maltase increased significantly during the experimental period. Dietary protein pre-hydrolysis had no significant effect on intestinal tissue mass or length,but it moderated the decline of intestinal lactase and AKP activities. Dietary supplementation of insulin significantly increased mucosal protein content and brush border activities of lactase, maltase, AKP and aminopeptidase (AP) in the small intestine.The effect of insulin treatment was particularly obvious at the distal region of the small intestine. These results demonstrate that oral insulin can stimulate intestinal digestive enzyme activities in newborn pigs. The finding supports the hypothesis that milk-borne insulin plays a role in regulating postnatal gut development in the suckling young.  相似文献   

5.
The rapid growth of grain yield in China accelerates a discussion on whether the grain system in China is sustainable. To answer the question, a comprehensive assessment from economic and environmental points is necessary. This study jointly used economic analysis(ECA), emergy evaluation(EME) and carbon footprint(CF) to analyze the environmental and economic sustainability of the grain production system in China based on the national statistical data during 2000–2015. Results showed that the costs of maize, wheat, rice and soybean had increased by 252-346% from 2000 to 2015, causing the lower profit of grain system in recent years. The situation resulted in a serious problem on economic sustainability of grain system in China. Meanwhile, the emergy sustainability index(ESI) of maize, wheat, rice and soybean systems were increasing during 2000–2015, and the CF on unit yield of the crops had been reduced by 10-30% in the study period. The results reflected the improved environmental sustainability of grain system in China during 2000–2015. Nevertheless, the emergy flow of industrial inputs for the crops were increased by 4-22% in the study period, and the CF from the inputs presented a growth rate of 16-23% as well during the same period. The results implied that the grain system in China was relying more on fossil-based inputs. Finally, according to the key points of cost, emergy and CF, we suggest that improving labor efficiency, advanced agricultural practices and optimizing cropping pattern will be effective ways to further improve the economic and environmental sustainability of grain system in China.  相似文献   

6.
Employing the pot experiment of the complete random block design with 6 replications,four varieties of japonica rice (Fujisaka 5,Honenwase,Akitakomachi and Taichung 65) were used to study the varietal differences in leaf nitrogen content (LNC) and leaf area during mature period,their relation and effects to the ripening rate.The results showed that (1) thee were varietal differences in LNC at the heading stage and the LNC decrease rate during the matur period,the high LNC at the heading stage was related to the rapid LNC decrease.(2) There were two phases of the leaf area changing process during the mature period,first was the stable,and second was the decreased phase.There was varietal difference in the critical time of phase 1 and phase 2.The hign leaf area in the phase 1 was in relation to the rapid leaf area decrease in the phase 2.It was not found that there was relation between the leaf quality and quantity.(2)It wa unfavorable to the ripening rate for the high leaf area at the heading stage and the rapid decrease of the leaf area during the mature period.(4)It was put forward that the super high yield rice variety should possess the not very high leaf area and high LNC at the heading stage,slow senescence in the leaf area during the mature period.  相似文献   

7.
40in-calf heifers were observed to examine the effect of timbers placing in passage area on their use of cubicle beds.prior to the experiment preliminary observation was taken on these 40 heifers and they were divided into two even groups(cubicle user(or control)group versus cubicle refusal (or experimental)group by whether they properly used the cubicle beds or not.The timbers were placed in passage and feeding areas for the cubicle refusal group to force the animls to lie in the cubicle beds.The results of this experiment showed that feeding behaviour was unaffceted by the presence of the timbers.but lying acitvity was about8% higher for the experimental group,which led to a mean of almost 2 hours longer lyin time over 24h.After the timbers were removed,there was a significant decline in lying by the experimental group[.The diurnal pattern of lying behaviour in cubicles indicated that the major effect on lying activity exerted by the presence of the timbers was seen during midnight to 10:00am.Also during this times,the experimental group in the presence of the timbers tended to show more lying in cubicles than control group.At the end of the experiment,95% of the heifers were found to be correctly using the cubicle beds.and on the negative side three hiefers developed a slight injury on their legs or hocks caused by the timber.  相似文献   

8.
Green manure can be used as a substitute for chemical fertilizer without reducing rice yield. We studied the responses of soil fertility and rice yield to different combinations of Chinese milk vetch(CMV; Astragalus sinicus L.) and chemical fertilizer in a subtropical double-rice cropping system. Our goal is to reduce chemical fertilizer use and decrease environmental contamination. Compared with the recommended rate of chemical fertilizer(CF), both early-and late-rice yields in the two treatments supplied with 15 and 22.5 Mg CMV ha–1 plus 60% CF(represented as 60 A and 60 B, respectively) showed no significant differences while the two treatments supplied with 30 and 37.5 Mg CMV ha–1 plus 60% CF(represented as 60 C and 60 D, respectively) showed significantly higher values. The sustainable yield index(SYI) values in the 60 C and 60 D treatments with double-rice croppong system were significantly higher than those in other treatments(P0.05). Early-rice yield showed a significant positive relationship with the Chinese milk vetch incorporation rate. The coefficients increased annually from 2009 to 2013 and then decreased in 2014. Soil organic matter increased over time by the end of the experiment in all of the treatment groups. Soil organic matter in 60 A, 60 B and 60 C showed no significant difference compared with that in CF, while soil organic matter in 60 D was significantly higher than that in CF. The slopes of soil organic matter and total nitrogen over six years were the highest in 60 C and 60 D. The soil total nitrogen content in 60 A, 60 B, 60 C and 60 D was higher than that in CF, but the differences were not significant(P0.05). Therefore, a relatively high Chinese milk vetch incorporation rate(≥30 Mg ha–1) was more effective in improving the productivity and sustainability of paddy soil. The decreased coefficients of early-rice yield and the Chinese milk vetch incorporation rate in 2014 implied that the benefits of soil fertility and rice yield created by Chinese milk vetch input may decline after five years under a continuously high rate of Chinese milk vetch incorporation.  相似文献   

9.
The changes in the activity of amylase and amylase-isoenzyme and the degradation of starch and pigment of tobacco leaf during flue-curing were studied by using the electricheated flue-curing barn designed and made by the Henan Agricultural University. The temperature and humidity of the barn were controlled automatically. The results indicated that starch in tobacco leaf decreased rapidly and leveled off after 48h of cutting, in the meantime, the content of soluble sugar increased accordingly and reached a peak at the stage of color-fixing. Both of them had a rapid-changing stage in the first 36 hours of yellowing. The changes of starch and soluble sugar contents had highly significant negative-correlation at 1% level (rNC89=-0.8962**, rYY85=-0.9704**). The activity of amylase increased with the proceeding of curing and reached a peak after 36 hours of curing, then decreased. But the activity of amylase kept at a high level when the humidity of curing-environment was very low, even if the tobacco leaf had been dried. The rapid degradation of starch showed a significantly negative correlation with the increase of activity of amylase at 5 % level (rNC89=-0.8495*, rYY8*=-0.7839*). The degradation of starch and pigment had the same regulation and had highly significant correlation at 1% level (rNC89=0.9649**, rYY85=0.9428**). There were mainly three amylase-isoenzyme bands -A, B, C respectively, in tobacco leaf during flue curing. They were identified as α-AMY, -AMY, R-AMY, and the activity of β-AMY was the highest. The changes in amylase activity and contents of starch and pigment were affected by the tobacco leaf moisture and environmental humidity during curing.  相似文献   

10.
The occurrence of the spore-forming bacteria in different segments of production lines of Ultra High Temperature （UHT） milk of a commercial plant and its transfer to the final product was studied. The samples were collected from different segments of production lines from reception to packaging sections, over a period of 75 days at a rate of one sampling a week, from plants in North West of Algeria. The total colony count of aerobic spore-forming bacteria was done using Plate Count Agar （PCA） method. The results showed that there was more than 1 ×10^3 CFU/mL at the level of 50%, 25%, 37.5%, 62.5% and 37.5% of the analyzed samples of milk powder, pasteurized milk, UHT milk （before storage）, UHT milk stored at 55℃ for 7 days and UHT milk stored at 30℃ for 14 days, respectively. The mean total colony count of aerobic spore-forming bacteria was considerably lower in the UHT milk than in the other samples, while the higher proportion of aerobic spore-forming bacteria was noticed to be 32.58% and 30.90% in the UHT milk stored at 55℃ and 30℃, respectively. The results obtained by the classic biochemical identification （Bacillus API 20E）, interpreted by software of calculation for microbial identification reflected the presence of especially Bacillus sphaericus. The other species found were： Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus stearothermophilus. The study reveals that the proportion of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in the final product depends on temperature and storage periods.  相似文献   

11.
选取品种、胎次、分娩期相近的10头待产母猪,随机分为试验组和对照组.试验组的母猪从产前5-7 d开始,每头每天分别喂服50 g中药黄白痢散一次,产后1-2 d连喂2次,之后每隔5 d再喂一次,直至断奶.于仔猪出生后的20 d,从每窝仔猪中随机选取体重相近的空腹公、母仔猪各一头,采血检测相关指标,探讨母猪喂服黄白痢散对哺乳仔猪血液的有关生理生化及免疫学参数的影响.结果表明,给母猪喂服黄白痢散能提高哺乳仔猪血红蛋白含量10.36%(P<0.05)、红细胞比积8.00%(P<0.05)、平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度2.19%(P<0.05)、血清总蛋白含量16.56%(P<0.01)、血清白蛋白含量17.97%(P<0.05)、乳酸脱氢酶活性31.17%(P<0.05),其他指标有提高的趋势,但差异不明显.  相似文献   

12.
垫草型母猪分娩栏的设计和应用   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
尹国安 《湖北农业科学》2011,50(22):4664-4666
针对现在养猪生产分娩环节中的问题,结合猪的生物学特性和养猪生产特点,设计适合我国的福利性母猪分娩栏,经过应用试验表明,设计不但能满足猪的行为需求,减少应激,提高母猪和仔猪福利状况,还能提高仔猪的健康状况,具有较高的应用价值.  相似文献   

13.
分娩母猪母性行为的好坏直接影响到仔猪的成活率,尤其是一些母性行为失常的母猪直接咬死、踩死、压死仔猪,给养猪业造成巨大的经济损失。母猪分娩是受多种因素如神经、内分泌和胎儿等多方面影响和调控的一个复杂过程。近几年,虽然许多专家对分娩的机理进行研究,但到目前为止对造成母猪母性行为失常原因及机理的了解还不是很清楚。就分娩环境、机体内分泌、母猪遗传背景及产仔经验等影响分娩母猪母性行为的4个主要因素进行综述和讨论。  相似文献   

14.
选用48头配种日龄相近、繁殖性能无显著差异的大约克经产母猪,按胎次、体况等随机分为6个处理,每处理8头。哺乳母猪自由采食,自由饮水。研究哺乳母猪饲粮中分别添加0,40,60,80,100和120g/kg苜蓿草粉对母猪及其仔猪生产性能、血清指标及乳成分的影响。结果表明:(1)添加苜蓿草粉对母猪断奶至发情时间间隔影响不显著(P>0.05),但显著提高了断奶仔猪数和哺乳期仔猪成活率(P<0.05);对母猪泌乳期采食量、仔猪断奶窝重、窝增重、断奶平均个体重、平均个体日增重有极显著影响(P<0.01)。(2)添加苜蓿草粉降低了母猪血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的含量,提高了母猪血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量和母猪、仔猪血清胰岛素含量,但组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。(3)添加苜蓿草粉对乳中胰岛素样生长因子有一定提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。研究认为,添加苜蓿草粉对哺乳母猪及其仔猪生产性能有一定改善,且100g/kg添加水平表现突出,因此在妊娠后期和哺乳期母猪饲粮中苜蓿草粉添加量以100g/kg为宜。  相似文献   

15.
中药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和内分泌功能的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
选取胎次相近、日龄相同的杜—长—大哺乳仔猪16窝,随机分为4组,中药Ⅰ、Ⅱ组和抗生素组在相同的基础日粮中分别添加中药饲料添加剂Ⅰ(4 kg.t-1)、中药饲料添加剂Ⅱ(4 kg.t-1)和金霉素(70 g.t-1)+杆菌肽锌(30 g.t-1),对照组仔猪只饲喂基础日粮.于仔猪断奶前3 d,断奶后1、4、7、14、28 d采血,对血液部分激素指标进行分析,研究中药饲料添加剂对断奶仔猪生长性能和内分泌功能的影响.结果表明:(1)2个中药组仔猪日增重提高,料重比和腹泻率降低.(2)断奶后1 d,各组仔猪血清皮质醇含量与断奶前相比升高,而三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)和甲状腺素(T4)含量较断奶前降低;整个试验期间,2个中药组血清皮质醇含量始终较抗生素组和对照组低,T3、T4含量始终高于抗生素和对照组.可见,中药饲料添加剂能有效地防止早期断奶仔猪发生腹泻,降低仔猪血清皮质醇含量,提高T3、T4的含量,缓解仔猪应激,改善仔猪的生长性能.  相似文献   

16.
为探究大白母猪利用年限相关性状的遗传结构,实现早期选种,本研究采用国家生猪产业体系华南种猪遗传评估网1998年1月至2014年8月收集的大白猪繁殖性状数据,使用DMU(V6)分析计算母猪第1胎分娩日龄、第1胎总产仔数、第1胎产活仔数、前3胎产活仔数、前5胎产活仔数、第3胎稳定性、第5胎稳定性、终生总产仔数、终生产活仔数和终生日龄间的遗传力与遗传相关。结果表明,大白母猪第1胎总产仔数、第1胎产活仔数、终生总产子数、终生产活仔数、第5胎稳定性遗传力为0.132~0.198,属于低遗传力性状;前3胎产活仔数、前5胎产活仔数、第3胎稳定性遗传力为0.230~0.271,属于中等遗传力性状;第1胎分娩日龄、终生日龄遗传力为0.492~0.642,属于高遗传力性状。大白母猪第1胎总产仔数、第1胎产活仔数、前3胎产活仔数、前5胎产活仔数、终生总产仔数和终生产活仔数间有较强的正遗传相关,与终生日龄有较弱的正遗传相关,与第3胎和第5胎稳定性有较弱的正遗传相关。母猪初产日龄与终生总产仔数和终生产活仔数间呈一定的负遗传相关,而初产日龄与终生日龄呈强的正遗传相关。通过对母猪利用年限的遗传参数估计有望通过选育提高利用年限,通过母猪利用年限有关性状与其他性状间的遗传相关分析,有助于早期选种加快延长母猪利用年限。  相似文献   

17.
采用鼻甲骨形态学(鼻甲骨周长比,TPR)测定的方法对猪萎缩性鼻炎巴氏杆菌灭活混合苗(猪克鼻)免疫效果进行评价,试验应用猪克鼻对试验组采取不同的免疫方法,A组:母猪于产前6周及分娩后2周各接种一剂量猪克鼻;B组:母猪产前6周及分娩2周时,其所生仔猪3周龄各接种一剂量猪克鼻;同时设对照组(不接种疫苗)。研究结果表明,A组有36.36%的猪鼻甲骨较正常,63.64%轻度萎缩;B组有9.10%的猪鼻甲骨正常,90.90%较正常;对照组有9.10%的猪轻度萎缩,72.70%为中度萎缩,18.20%中重度萎缩。对两种免疫的效果进行分析发现,B组于母猪产前6周及分娩2周时免疫、所生仔猪3周龄再免疫的效果最佳,鼻甲骨保护力高,猪的增重加快,料肉比下降,生产性能显著提高,值得在生产实践中推广应用。  相似文献   

18.
选用窝仔烽相近的30窝“杜斯”二元杂交猪，分为3组，每组10窝，对照组和试验1组哺乳仔猪饲喂哺乳基础日粮，试验2组哺乳仔猪0－7日龄接种液态益生素，8－35日龄饲喂试验日粮（基础日粮＋0.75%加酶益生素）。对照组断奶仔猪饲喂断奶基础日粮，试验1组和试验2组断奶仔猪饲喂试验日粮（断奶基础日粮＋0.75%加酶益生素）。49d的饲养结果显示：（1）哺乳期微生物制剂处理显著提高了哺乳猪日增重（P＜0.01），降低了哺乳仔猪腹泻率（P＜0.05）；（2）仅在断奶期日粮中添加微生物制剂可降低断奶仔猪料肉比（P＜0.05），但对断奶仔猪日增重和腹泻率影响差异不显著（P＞0.05）；（3）哺乳断奶全程使用微生物制剂对日增重的影响大于仅在断奶期添加的效果。说明微生物制剂添加方式对仔猪生产性能和腹泻率有明显的影响，哺乳期使用微生物制剂效果好于断奶期，且哺乳期的试验处理对断奶期存在后续效应。  相似文献   

19.
在相近的饲养管理条件下,比较研究了二花脸猪、上海白猪和大白猪经产母猪的泌乳性能,其结果表明,3个品种猪的平均放乳间隔时间、每次放乳持续时间和日泌乳量均有显著差异。母猪泌乳日龄与每天放乳次数具有函数方程y=a-bt关系。3个品种哺乳仔猪平均日增重分别为214.50、238.72和297.50g,每增重1kg消耗消化能分别为7928、8369和8100kcal,品种间均有显著差异。二花脸猪哺乳仔猪对母乳和饲料的利用率均高于另2个猪种。  相似文献   

20.
[目的]最大限度地发挥长大二元杂交母猪的繁殖潜力,实现经济效益。[方法]根据安徽某商业猪场2008年母猪正常分娩记录,分析了季节因素（月份）对长大母猪窝产仔数、窝健仔数、窝畸形数、窝弱仔数、窝死胎数和窝木乃伊数影响。[结果]3月窝产仔数及窝健仔数达全年最高位,分别为12.08和10.76头;7-9月则低于年平均值,8月份最低,分别为11.53头和9.84头。窝畸形数以6-8月较高,8月份最高,达0.38头;7-10月窝弱仔数和窝死胎数均较高,10月份达全年最高,分别为1.06头和0.48头;6-9月份窝木乃伊数较高,9月份最高,达0.23头。[结论]产仔季节（月份）对长大母猪窝产仔数、窝健仔数、窝畸形数、窝弱仔数、窝死胎数和窝木乃伊数均有显著影响,其中7-9月高温季节对上述繁殖性状的影响较大。  相似文献   

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