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水产养殖常用的增氧设备主要有叶轮式增氧机、水车式增氧机、流射式增氧机、喷水式增氧机和曝气增式氧机等。叶轮式或水车式增氧机主要是设置在水体上层,单独使用很难满足养殖池塘的立体增氧要求,而且能耗相对较高。曝气增氧又可细分为气石曝气增氧和微孔管曝气增氧两种,其区别在于气体的扩散器, 相似文献
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典型增氧设备在养殖池塘中组合应用的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
叶轮式、水车式、射流式和曝气式增氧机是目前我国池塘养殖使用的主要增氧设备;由于结构形式和工作原理的不同,4种形式的增氧机有不同的特点和功能。为提高养殖池塘增氧设备的增氧效果,通过增氧设备对养殖池塘水体不同深度增氧效果的试验和养殖池塘自然增氧的试验,分析了4种典型的增氧设备的增氧性能和特点,提出了叶轮式增氧机与耕水机、水车式增氧机与耕水机、水车式增氧机与射流式增氧机以及曝气增氧机与耕水机组合配置使用的混合增氧模式,可以优势互补,充分发挥各种形式增氧设备功能。通过组合使用,达到对养殖池塘水体最大限度的增氧效果的目的。 相似文献
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渔用增氧机有增氧、搅水和曝气等三方面作用,如今已经在各地的精养鱼池普及推广。常见的渔用增氧机有喷水式、水车式、管叶式、涌喷式、射流式和叶轮式等类型,但以叶轮式增氧防止鱼类浮头的效果最好。据专家估计,合理地使用增氧机能使池塘鱼产量提高14％左右。但是,许多养殖户由于不会正确使用和保养增氧机,往往达不到理想的增产效果。如何科学合理地使用渔用增氧机呢？ 相似文献
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水车式增氧机性能试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了水车式增氧机在清水试验中的增氧能力、动力效率以及实际养殖池塘试验中上下水层溶解氧变化。结果表明,水车式增氧机对于水深为1 m以内的养殖水体具有良好的增氧和搅拌效果,开启100 min左右,可使距增氧机10 m、水深0.9 m处水体溶氧值从6.5 mg/L左右上升到8.7 mg/L左右,和上层水体溶氧值趋于一致;运转时可形成一股较大的定向水流,对鳗鱼等喜好水流的鱼类较为适合。但水车式增氧机对<1.5 m的底层水体增氧作用较弱。本研究为水车式增氧机池塘养殖的运用提供了有益的借鉴。 相似文献
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微孔曝气式增氧机的性能及应用效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为研究微孔曝气增氧机的增氧性能和池塘应用效果,按照标准规定的方法进行了增氧性能的试验和不同水深对增氧性能影响的试验,并在池塘中进行应用效果的试验。结果显示:微孔曝气式增氧机具有比叶轮式增氧机等增氧机更强的增氧能力,但不同配置的机型,增氧能力随配套功率和曝气管长度的增加而增强,动力效率则呈明显下降趋势;增加曝气管布置深度可以提高增氧性能,安装深度从2 m增加到4 m,增氧能力增加285%,动力效率增加207%,与其它养殖池塘机械增氧设备相比,池塘水体越深,微孔曝气式增气机的增氧优势越明显。目前,池塘采用微孔曝气式增氧机的配置方式不具优势,需要改进提升。 相似文献
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应用池塘底部增氧技术养殖南美白对虾效果好 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着南美白对虾养殖密度的不断提高，单独使用传统的叶轮式或水车式增氧机已经不能满足对虾养殖池塘的立体增氧要求。2005年，我们结合白对虾病害防治试验，在一部分养殖池塘推广应用一种新的增氧模式，即在池塘底部铺设增氧管道，配上水车式增氧机养殖南美白对虾，取得成功。 相似文献
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增氧机在河蚌育珠生产中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在高密度集约化和半集约化的河蚌育珠生产中,越来越多的珠农已认识到:要想获得好的经济效益,增氧机是必不可少的。但调查发现,绝大部分养蚌水域并没有使用增氧设备。究其原因,珠农反映使用增氧设备对河蚌育珠有较大的负面影响,因而,进一步推广遇到较大阻力。增氧机的原理是通过搅动气液界面,提高气液两相相对运动的速度,加速氧的扩散转移,实现养殖水体增加溶氧量的目的。目前,增氧机的类型很多,主要型式有叶轮式、水车式、喷水式、射流式、桨叶式和充气式等。此外,还有管道式、吸气式、重力式等多种,其关键在于要根据养殖对象和水域条件科学… 相似文献
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在高密度集约化和半集约化的河蚌育珠生产中，越来越多的珠农已认识到，要想获得好的经济效益，增氧机是必不可少的。但调查发现，绝大部分养蚌水域并没有使用增氧设备。究其原因，珠农反映使用增氧设备对河蚌育珠有较大的负面影响。因而，进一步推广遇到较大阻力。增氧机的原理是通过搅动气液界面，提高气液两相相对运动的速度，加速氧的扩散转移，实现养殖水体增加溶氧量的目的。目前，增氧机的类型很多，主要型式有叶轮式、水车式、喷水式、射流式、桨叶式和充气式等。此外，还有管道式、吸气式、重力式等多种，其关键在于要根据养殖对象… 相似文献
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螺旋桨吸气增氧机与叶轮式增氧机的生产应用试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
<正> 增氧机具随着水产养殖业的发展得到了迅猛发展,主要型式有叶轮式、水车式、喷水式、涌浪式、射流式和螺旋桨吸气搅拌式等。据调查,目前全国生产增氧机的企业约五十家,年产量大多为几千台(套),年产量在万台以上的有三四家。这些企业近年的年产销量共为12万台左右。总产量中叶轮式约占65％,水车式约占20％,其他类型的约占15％。为了给水产养殖业选用经济、高效的增氧机具提供依据,我们对市场占有率最高的叶轮式增氧机与新研制的螺旋桨吸气增氧机的生产性能进行了测试与比较,现报告如下。 相似文献
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水产养殖过程中,池塘生态系统可分为自成熟期和人工维持期。在养殖容量提高的情况下,养殖生物呼吸需氧量在不断增加,缺氧条件下有机物分解成有害物质,影响养殖生产。维持池塘生态系统稳定的主要工程机制为:通过上下水层交换、平衡营养元素等方法,强化光合作用,提高营养物质转化规模,提升初级生产力;形成生态增氧为主、机械增氧为辅的高效增氧机制。以中国养殖池塘生态系统为研究对象,分析探讨养殖池塘生态机制、水体溶氧理论、增氧机作用机理、不同类型增氧机的机械性能等,提出了大宗淡水鱼混养池塘及几种典型单养池塘增氧机配置方式,从而为池塘养殖系统增氧机的配置提供技术参考。 相似文献
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Aerators are essential for maintaining the dissolved oxygen level in shrimp culture operations. Many types of aerators are promoted as suitable for shrimp culture, but their comparative efficiencies and water circulation patterns are least understood. The aerators viz, modified paddlewheel, Scorpion jet, Venture jet, Wavesurge were evaluated to compare the standard aeration efficiency at different saline conditions with the commonly used paddle wheel. The modified paddlewheel had the highest mean aeration efficiency of 2.018 kg O2/ kWh at 35‰, followed by the paddlewheel with 1.434 kg O2/ kWh at 20‰ water salinity. Compared to this, the Scorpion jet and the Wavesurge have shown the highest aeration efficiency of 0.667 and 0.412 kg O2/ kWh at 20 and 35‰ water salinities, respectively, whereas the Venture jet has given only. The aerator's performance was better at medium water salinities (20 and 35‰) than low (5‰) or high saline (50‰) conditions. In addition to aeration, the paddlewheel aerator has given the maximum water circulation speed 3 ft/sec and coverage distance of 24 m. The cost economics were derived by keeping all other expenses constant except aeration associated costs. The internal rate of returns in shrimp culture with a modified paddle wheel was 127 % compared to the commonly used paddle wheel (120 %). However, the scorpion and wavesurge aerators have shown returns of 47 % and 27 % respectively across the salinities. The selection and sizing of aerators based on the biomass and efficiency of the aeration systems can make considerable headway in decreasing the cost of production and energy use. 相似文献
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为解决河南中牟县万滩镇养殖池塘机械增氧技术单一的问题,通过试验研究微孔式、水车式、涌浪式等几种增氧机的性能及使用方式,以达到提升增氧效果和提高养殖效益的目的。结果表明,该地区池塘溶氧含量高而利用率低,养殖户传统增氧方法不当。适宜增氧方式为:涌浪式增氧机适合在晴天下午使用3~6 h,可有效提升周边20 m范围内底层水体的溶氧水平;投食前后半小时开启和关闭微孔式、水车式增氧机,可提升投食期间投饵区溶氧水平1~2 mg/L,保证鱼群的进食效果;夜间搭配使用微孔式和低功率叶轮式增氧机增氧,可使微孔区域底层水体溶氧比不增氧状态高出1 mg/L以上。 相似文献
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Roy Subha M. P Jayraj Machavaram Rajendra Pareek C. M. Mal B. C. 《Aquaculture International》2021,29(3):1181-1217
The growing intensive aquaculture system around the world maintains a high stocking density, wherein it is essential to increase and sustain the optimum dissolved oxygen concentration (DO) through the provision of artificial aeration systems. The selection of an aerator is a crucial aspect of aquaculture operations. The selected aerator must be economically efficient and should be able to fulfill the requirement of oxygen supply in the pond water. The present study provides an extensive literature review on the importance of artificial aeration in aquaculture, the standard method of test for performance evaluation of an aerator, various aeration systems and their mechanisms, method to determine the numbers of aerator requirement, comparative studies of different type of aerators, and economic consideration in selection of aerators. In addition, a thorough analysis has been done to suggest the type of aerator that is economically viable and efficient for different pond volumes based on the performance data reported in the reviews. Therefore, this study may help the end-users (fish farmers) to select the best aerator based on their requirements.
相似文献16.
Jayanthi Marappan Balasubramaniam Ambattaiyanpatti Anathaikamatchi Suryaprakash Sakkarai Ravisankar Thiagarajan Duraisamy Muthusamy Manimaran Kuppusamy Muralidhar Moturi Aritra Bera Puthiavan Ramasamy Sivagnanam Shanmugam 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(5):2112-2124
The selection of aerators and correct numbers can play an essential role in reducing the cost of production in aquaculture. The new generation aerators, namely spiral leaf, air‐jet, submersible and impeller, used in aquaculture, were assessed for its aeration efficiency and energy cost compared with the commonly used paddle wheel aerator. Of the aerators tested, the impeller had the highest aeration efficiency of 2.098 kg O2/kW hr, followed by paddle wheel with 1.436 kg O2/kW hr at 20‰ salinity. The spiral and air‐jet aerators had maximum aeration efficiency of 1.326 and 1.419 kg O2/kW hr, respectively, at 35‰ salinity. The submersible aerator was not efficient as its maximum efficiency was 0.380 kg O2/kW hr. The water flow by paddle wheel was 3 ft/sec and also provides better coverage than other types of aerators. The efficiency of aerators was high in optimum salinities (20‰ and 35‰) than the low or high saline condition. The average energy cost of shrimp pond aeration per hectare was lowest for impeller, followed by paddle wheel aerator. The study provided economic comparisons of vannamei culture using different aeration systems by keeping a uniform set of economic assumptions. Shrimp farms with impellors can give 14%–25% high returns across salinities, whereas spiral leaf can provide 5% high returns at 35‰ salinity. The combination of the type of aerators and the calculated use based on the salinity of the culture systems can result in energy‐saving and also a reduction in the production cost. 相似文献
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Subha M. Roy Sanjib Moulick Bimal C. Mal 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2017,48(6):898-908
In this study, the performance of a spiral aerator, a modified design of the paddlewheel aerator, was evaluated to determine its applicability in aquaculture ponds. The aeration characteristics of the spiral aerator were determined by conducting aeration experiments in a cement concrete tank of dimension 5 × 5 × 1.5 m. Nondimensional numbers related to oxygen transfer (E) and power consumption (Ne) were proposed and expressed as functions of geometric (number of handles per shaft, n) and dynamic (Froude and Reynolds number) parameters. Simulation equations for oxygen transfer and power consumption based on the Froude criterion were developed. The maximum brake power standard aeration efficiency was achieved at n = 13. Finally, an economic analysis was performed assuming a typical Indian major carp culture pond to determine the optimum rotational speed of the aerator at different pond volumes and dissolved oxygen concentration present in the pond at which the aeration cost is minimized. The results showed that the least aeration cost is achievable when rotational speed of the spiral aerator is only 70 rpm for pond volumes up to 700 m3 and from 120 to 220 rpm for pond volumes exceeding 700 m3. 相似文献
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《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(2):63-78
Oxygen transfer rates for mechanical aerators are usually determined by standard aeration tests conducted in concrete tanks. Results from standard tests are then extrapolated to field application of the aerators in aquaculture ponds, but these extrapolations have not been verified. In this study, oxygen transfer rates were estimated for propeller-aspirator-pump aerators deployed in brackish water aquaculture ponds under normal pond conditions. Estimation was accomplished by fitting the Whole Pond Respiration Diffusion (WPRD) model to nighttime observations of dissolved oxygen concentration for ponds in which artificial aeration had been initiated during the night. Application of this new technique revealed that oxygen transfer rate determined from a standard aeration test was similar to that estimated from trials in aquaculture ponds. Preliminary results suggest that oxygen transfer rates were higher when the aerator was placed in the deep end of the ponds than when the aerator was situated in the shallow end. Aeration efficiencies ranged from 1.45 to 1.8 kg O 2 per kW-hour. 相似文献