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1.
苹果MdFT基因对番茄的遗传转化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过RT2PCR扩增, 从苹果叶片cDNA中克隆了FT基因的同源基因MdFT, 构建了花椰菜病毒35S启动子驱动的MdFT植物表达载体35S: : MdFT, 并利用根癌农杆菌介导法将其导入番茄栽培品种‘中蔬四号’; 同时转化拟南芥A tFT基因作为阳性对照。从添加卡那霉素的筛选培养基上再生了抗性植株,PCR扩增证明, 外源基因MdFT和AtFT已经整合到转基因番茄的基因组, 半定量RT-PCR则证明它们已经在转基因番茄中得到异位过量表达。形态鉴定发现, 转基因番茄植株比非转基因对照植株开花早, 表明成功地从苹果中克隆了成花素基因MdFT, 该基因具有通过转基因缩短苹果树童期的潜在价值。 相似文献
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以15℃夜温为对照,研究了6℃夜间低温对番茄叶片气孔开张度日变化及叶片结构的影响。结果表明:处理7d时,处理植株叶片气孔器大小和叶面积显著小于对照,气孔密度显著大于对照。表皮厚度极显著大于对照。叶片厚度大于对照,但与对照差异不显著。处理植株番茄叶片气孔张开程度一天中皆小于对照,气孔张开率上午与对照差异不显著,14:00显著小于对照。16:00极显著小于对照;恢复7d时,夜低温处理番茄叶片气孔器显著大于对照。气孔密度、每叶气孔数及单叶叶面积、气孔张开率皆小于对照,叶片气孔开口程度、叶片表皮厚度及厚度大于对照,但差异都不显著;夜间低温处理后叶片栅栏组织显得更紧密,恢复7d后无显著差异。 相似文献
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利用花粉管导入法,将沙冬青抗寒基因AmEBP1 转化到‘大果’杏幼胚中,在改良WPM 培
养基上经卡那霉素筛选,PCR、Southern 检测,结果得到5 个转基因阳性株系;组培苗抗寒试验结果表明,
相同低温（–4 和–8 ℃）条件下,转基因植株均比对照表现出较高的成活率;随着处理温度的降低,转
基因株系REC 与MDA 含量始终低于对照植株;转基因植株的低温半致死温度（LT50）比未转基因对照
低2.13 ℃。试验结果表明导入的AmEBP1 基因提高了‘大果’杏的抗寒性。 相似文献
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反义ACO 基因导入获得瓶插寿命长的香石竹植株 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过农杆菌( Agrobacterium tumefaciens) 介导法, 利用香石竹叶片作外植体, 将反义香石竹ACC 氧化酶基因导入香石竹‘黄星’品种, 通过PCR 扩增、Southern blot 检测, 证明反义ACC 氧化酶基因已整合到香石竹基因组。研究发现, 叶龄、乙酰丁香酮等对转化率有着较大影响。通过叶片的两度选择分化, 大大减少了转化嵌合体比例。转基因植株在隔离条件下栽培, 开花正常, 切花在25 ℃条件下瓶插寿命较对照延长了4 d。 相似文献
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番茄转TCS基因植株的生物学性状研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
研究和比较了番茄转ＴＣＳ基因植株与对照植株的生物学特性。结果显示,转基因植株的生物学性状与对照存在着明显的差异,株高比对照低约４１．５ｃｍ,每序花数比对照多３．２朵,单果重比对照低３７ｇ,叶片叶绿素含量、光合速率及气孔导度分别比对照高４０．６％、１２．５％和１１．１％,对ＴＭＶ、ＣＭＶ和ＴＢＲＶ有一定抗性,叶片能抑制蚜虫和粉虱的生长。 相似文献
7.
高昼温对日光温室番茄叶片碳水化合物代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以‘辽园多丽’番茄为试材,以昼温25℃为对照,对植株进行30℃和35℃高昼温处理,探讨在高昼温条件下,叶片碳水化合物含量、蔗糖代谢酶活性以及叶绿体超微结构的变化。结果表明：高昼温尤其是35℃昼温处理,番茄叶片叶绿体超微结构发生改变,短时间内叶绿体中淀粉粒数减少,持续15 d后则明显增多,与对照差异显著。高昼温处理的番茄叶片中果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖含量均降低,昼间温度越高,各糖分含量与对照间差别越明显。在高昼温处理15 d时,叶片中酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶活性(NI)降低,而蔗糖合成酶(SS)、蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)活性升高,昼温越高,蔗糖代谢相关酶活性与对照的差别越大。高昼温改变了番茄叶片叶绿体的超微结构,并且对糖分的积累与代谢产生影响,最终对植株的生长发育及产量与品质的形成不利,昼温越高,所造成的不利影响越大。 相似文献
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为探究香樟Cc CBFb基因增强植株非生物胁迫抗性的功能,通过农杆菌介导法将该基因转入烟草中,经PCR和半定量RT-PCR技术鉴定阳性转基因株系后,对获得的T1代转基因无性系(T2和T4株系)以及野生型(WT)进行干旱(0、150、300和450 mmol·L~(-1)的甘露醇)、高盐(0、100、200和300 mmol·L~(-1)的Na Cl)、4℃低温、–4℃冰冻胁迫处理,结果显示:转基因烟草在干旱和高盐胁迫下,幼苗的存活率均高于野生型;经4℃低温处理后,转基因烟草植株的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量均显著高于野生型植株,而丙二醛(MDA)含量均低于野生型植株;经–4℃的冰冻处理6 h后,野生型和转基因T4株系植株叶片均出现不同程度的萎蔫,而转基因T2株系植株未出现不良现象。由此可见,过表达CcCBFb基因不但能够增强烟草的抗旱和抗盐性,而且能够显著增强抗寒性。 相似文献
10.
以温敏型核雄性不育系番茄T4及对照First为试材,通过调查花粉发芽率、自交结实率、果实种子数以及采用Tricine-SDS-PAGE电泳方法分析叶片及花药蛋白质的变化,研究T4的育性转化,并分析其在可育和不育条件下花粉发芽率、自交结实率、果实种子数、叶片及花药蛋白质的差异。结果表明：28 ℃/18 ℃（昼/夜）处理的T4花粉发芽率、自交结实率最高,果实种子数最多,与对照First差异不显著,表明此时T4恢复部分育性|28 ℃/24 ℃和28 ℃/12 ℃处理的T4花粉发芽率、自交结实率和果实种子数与对照差异均达到极显著水平,表现为不育。不同温度处理的T4花药蛋白质与叶片蛋白质差异均达到显著水平|28 ℃/24 ℃和28 ℃/12 ℃处理的T4叶片蛋白质与对照差异显著,但28 ℃/18 ℃处理的差异不明显。 相似文献
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为研究枇杷(Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)脱水素基因(Ej DHN5)在枇杷抗低温胁迫中的功能,将其在烟草中进行过量表达,其中表达水平比较高的两个株系L24和L26被用来进行功能研究。野生型和转基因烟草苗分别用0、2、4和8μmol·L~(-1)的甲基紫精(Methyl viologen,自由基发生剂)处理并进行光照培养,结果显示,4和8μmol·L~(-1)甲基紫精处理使野生型烟草苗存活率分别下降到73.6%和56.9%,光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)活性显著降低,而转基因苗的存活率仍维持在100%,PSⅡ活性明显高于野生型。对六叶期烟草的叶盘进行甲基紫精处理,野生型烟草叶盘的叶绿素含量显著低于转基因株系,而活性氧含量和MDA含量明显高于转基因株系。对野生型和转基因烟草苗进行低温处理,转基因株系生长状况明显优于野生型,活性氧含量低于野生型,膜质过氧化程度轻于野生型。这些结果表明,过量表达EjDHN5能提高烟草的抗氧化胁迫和抗低温胁迫能力,推测EjDHN5在提高枇杷抗低温能力方面起着重要作用可能与其能提高抗氧化胁迫能力有关。 相似文献
12.
Yvonne Ventura 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):640-646
SummaryThe effects of suboptimal cold temperatures were investigated in an array of vegetative, reproductive and leaf characters in 34 cultivars, both open pollinated and hybrid, of melons, Cucumis melo. The cultivars were grown in two treatments: (i) a heated greenhouse (T1) that produced temperatures similar to those used in commercial cultivation in winter; and (ii) an unheated greenhouse (T2) that produced significantly lower night-time temperatures than T1. Plants grown in T1 had significantly longer main stems and internode lengths, more nodes and more potassium in their leaves but less leaf biomass than plants grown in T2. Plants from T2 also had more green and yellow leaf colour than plants from T1. Open pollinated cultivars had significantly longer main stems, more nodes and more green and yellow leaf colour than hybrid cultivars. Significant differences were found among the cultivars in all traits. 相似文献
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核桃属4 树种展叶期抗寒性鉴定 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以普通核桃（Juglans regia L.）、核桃楸（J. mandshurica Maxim.）、河北核桃（J. hopeiensis Hu）和黑核桃（J. nigra L.）4种核桃属植物的20份种质展叶期叶片为试验材料,采用电导法并配合Logistic方程确定其低温半致死温度（LT50）;分析了LT50与叶片解剖结构之间的相关性。结果表明,随着处理温度的降低,核桃叶片的相对电导率（REC）均呈上升趋势;供试核桃种质间的抗寒性差异较大,低温半致死温度在–8 ~ 2 ℃之间,在黑核桃、核桃楸及普通核桃中均有抗寒性强的种质资源。利用略高于大部分核桃种质LT50的温度（0 ℃或–3 ℃）处理叶片,其相对电导率与低温半致死温度之间达到极显著正相关,而且相关系数高,此温度下处理12 h后叶片的相对电导率以及叶片的LT50均可作为鉴定展叶期核桃种质抗寒性强弱的物理指标。核桃属不同种间的叶片结构类似,但各有特点。栅栏组织厚度和叶片总厚度与其LT50之间均达到极显著负相关,可作为核桃叶片抗寒性鉴定的形态结构指标。 相似文献
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Rouhollah Karimi Abdolhossein Rezaei Nejad Shahrokh Khanizadeh 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2016,91(4):386-395
The effects of exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) on anti-oxidant enzyme activities and photosynthetic capacity in ‘Sultana’ grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) were investigated under cold stress. When vines had an average of 15 leaves, 0 (control), 50, 100, or 200 µM ABA was sprayed to run-off on all leaves of each plant. Twenty-four hours after foliar spraying with ABA, half (n = 5) of the water-only control vines and half (n = 5) of each group of ABA-treated plants were subjected to 4°C for 12 h, followed by a recovery period of 3 d under greenhouse conditions (25°/18°C day/night). The remaining plants in each treatment group were kept at 24°C. Cold stress increased H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in vine leaves, whereas all foliar ABA treatments significantly reduced their levels. Chilled plants showed marked increases in their total soluble protein contents in response to each ABA treatment. ABA significantly increased the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase in cold-stressed grapevine leaves. In contrast, cold stress markedly decreased the rates of leaf photosynthesis (A) and evaporation (E), stomatal conductance (gs), and chlorophyll concentrations in leaves, but increased intercellular CO2 concentrations (Ci) in leaves. Treatment with all concentrations of ABA resulted in lower leaf A, E, and gs values, but higher Ci values at 24°C. However, following cold stress, ABA-treated vines showed higher leaf A, E, and gs values, but lower Ci values compared to control vines without ABA treatment. The application of 50–200 µM ABA allowed chilled vines to recover more quickly when re-exposed to normal temperatures, enabling the vines to resume their photosynthetic capacity more efficiently following cold stress. These results showed that, by stimulating anti-oxidant enzyme systems and alleviating cold-induced stomatal limitations, ABA reduced the inhibitory effect of cold stress on the rate of CO2 fixation in ‘Sultana’ grapevine plants. 相似文献
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以番茄(Solanum lycopericum)超表达桃SnRK1(蔗糖非发酵蛋白激酶–1)基因PpSnRK1α的株系及野生型为试材,研究在养分供应不足时SnRK1对植株生长的影响。结果表明,低营养条件下,转基因番茄叶片和根系中的Sn RK1酶活性比野生型高41.55%和39.46%;功能叶片的净光合速率平均比野生型高18.98%;低营养胁迫12 d的叶片SOD、POD、CAT活性比野生型高35.56%、28.85%和14.90%;根系活力比野生型高26.39%;茎和叶中氮磷含量显著高于野生型,钾含量两者差别不大,在根系中氮磷含量差别不大,而钾含量显著高于野生型,且氮素向地上部茎和叶中的分配比率增加。上述结果说明,在营养缺乏条件下,超表达PpSnRK1α可以提高番茄功能叶净光合速率,促进植株对氮素的吸收利用,从而延缓叶片衰老。 相似文献
17.
J.G. Carew K. Mahmood J. Darby P. Hadley N.H. Battey 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):264-270
SummaryThe effects of low temperatures on subsequent vegetative growth and flowering in the raspberry ‘AutumnBliss’ were investigated. In the first experiment, a number of lifting dates were used to determine the seasonal pattern of dormancy and the effect of natural chilling on plant development. In the second, different durations of artificial chilling(0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks at 0?C) were combined with two lifting dates to investigate the effect of natural and artificial chilling. In these experiments, plants which received little chilling grew slowly and failed to develop beyond short rosettes of leaves but as chilling increased, the rate of vegetative growth increased. This coincided with a decline in the time toflowering. These two responses, however, were distinct. In a third experiment, the effect of vernalization of actively growing canes was tested in an attempt to separate the effects of cold on time to flowering, and on the removalof dormancy. The plants responded significantly to cold treatment and flowering was advanced, indicating a distinct vernalizing effect 相似文献
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D. C. E. Wurr Angela J. Hambidge G. P. Smith 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):415-426
SummaryThe effects of temperature, duration of temperature, growth stage, rate of cooling, daylength during raising, shading, seed quality, moisture stress and sowing date on blindness in calabrese cv. Marathon were investigated in eight experiments over three years. Of these only batches of plants raised throughout the winter produced appreciable levels of blindness. The incidence of the disorder varied from zero to 80% in plants which received no specific supplementary cold treatment. High levels of blindness were strongly associated with low solar radiation in the period just before plants went blind and were less well associated with low temperatures in the same period. However, it is not possible to separate effects of light and temperature in these data. There are suggestions that competition between leaves for limited assimilate may be responsible for switching off leaf production. 相似文献
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Background
Freezing tolerance is an important factor in the geographical distribution of plants and strongly influences crop yield. Many plants increase their freezing tolerance during exposure to low, nonfreezing temperatures in a process termed cold acclimation. There is considerable natural variation in the cold acclimation capacity of Arabidopsis that has been used to study the molecular basis of this trait. Accurate methods for the quantitation of freezing damage in leaves that include spatial information about the distribution of damage and the possibility to screen large populations of plants are necessary, but currently not available. In addition, currently used standard methods such as electrolyte leakage assays are very laborious and therefore not easily applicable for large-scale screening purposes.Results
We have performed freezing experiments with the Arabidopsis accessions C24 and Tenela, which differ strongly in their freezing tolerance, both before and after cold acclimation. Freezing tolerance of detached leaves was investigated using the well established electrolyte leakage assay as a reference. Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging was used as an alternative method that provides spatial resolution of freezing damage over the leaf area. With both methods, LT50 values (i.e. temperature where 50% damage occurred) could be derived as quantitative measures of leaf freezing tolerance. Both methods revealed the expected differences between acclimated and nonacclimated plants and between the two accessions and LT50 values were tightly correlated. However, electrolyte leakage assays consistently yielded higher LT50 values than chlorophyll fluorescence imaging. This was to a large part due to the incubation of leaves for electrolyte leakage measurements in distilled water, which apparently led to secondary damage, while this pre-incubation was not necessary for the chlorophyll fluorescence measurements.Conclusion
Chlorophyll fluorescence imaging is an alternative method to accurately determine the freezing tolerance of leaves. It is quick and inexpensive and the system could potentially be used for large scale screening, allowing new approaches to elucidate the molecular basis of plant freezing tolerance. 相似文献20.
低温胁迫下佛手半致死温度测定和抗寒性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
以‘青皮’和‘矮化’佛手(Citrus medica var. sarcodactylis Swingle)为试材，测定不同低温下处理24 h后，叶片的电解质外渗率(REC)，计算半致死温度(LT50)；在半致死温度下设置不同处理时间，测定REC、超氧化歧化酶(SOD)活性、游离脯氨酸(Pro)和丙二醛(MDA)含量，进行抗寒性分析。结果表明：佛手REC随温度降低及处理时间延长呈“S”形上升， LT50在-4~ -5℃之间；在LT50下，随着处理时间的延长SOD活性呈先上升后下降的趋势， Pro和MDA含量逐渐上升；12~ 24 h为佛手在LT50下冷害发生的临界时间。 相似文献