共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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以菠萝叶纤维为原料,采用均相酯化取代反应制备了改性纤维素甲醛净化材料。以氯化血红素为催化剂、DMSO/LiCl为溶剂,在均相条件下对菠萝叶纤维素进行酯化取代改性反应。系统考察了反应条件对纤维素酯化效率的影响,改性后的菠萝叶纤维素的酯化效率为15.64%,并且其对甲醛降解效果最好。对改性前后的菠萝叶纤维素进行扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、热重分析(TGA)和比表面积(BET)分析,发现改性纤维素表面出现大量颗粒状物质;有氯化血红素的吸收峰出现;改性纤维素的比表面积显著提高,有利于吸附甲醛;热分解温度降低、最终残留物比例较高,说明了发生了酯化取代反应。 相似文献
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以新鲜豆渣为原料，通过L9(3^4)正交实验设计方法，就影响膳食纤维含量的碱浓度、温度、时间和酶用量四项因素进行了实验。研究确立了制备豆渣纤维的最佳工艺条件。利用本工艺，湿豆渣经浸泡、碱处理、酶解、干燥和超微粉碎等程序，即得到豆渣膳食纤维，工艺产率为85%，产品纤维素含量是80％，本文还以豆渣膳食纤维为原料研制出大豆纤维系列食品。 相似文献
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为高效提取豆渣中的膳食纤维并加工豆基高纤饼干,本研究采用碱浸提法,通过单因素和正交试验探讨碱浓度、碱浸温度、碱浸时间和胰蛋白酶活力对豆渣中膳食纤维提取率的影响。进一步在鸡蛋、黄油、膳食纤维添加量单因素试验基础上进行酥脆值和感官评价响应面分析,优化豆基高纤饼干配方。结果表明：制备膳食纤维的最佳工艺条件为,碱浸温度90℃、碱浓度1%、碱浸时间35 min、添加0.25%的500 UI胰蛋白酶,提取率达到83.14%。豆基高纤饼干的最佳配方为：膳食纤维添加量4%、黄油添加量40.30%、鸡蛋添加量25.50%。品评试验证明,该工艺和配方可制得色泽金黄、口感酥松、具有特异豆香的高膳食纤维酥性饼干。最佳配比方案制作出的豆基高纤饼干各指标均满足国家标准,总体符合大众口感,市场潜力较好。豆基高纤饼干水分含量1.85±0.02 g·（100 g）-1,灰分含量1.49±0.03 g·（100 g）-1,粗蛋白含量5.83±0.42 g·（100 g）-1,可溶性膳食纤维含量0.13±0.03 g·（100 g）-1... 相似文献
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通过红外光谱仪、粘度计等对豆渣水溶性膳食纤维(SDF)的特性进行了研究。结果表明:豆渣水溶性膳食纤维为多糖类物质,其持水力为8.25 g·g-1,溶胀力为9.38 m L·g-1,结合水力7.11 g·g-1,阳离子交换能力为0.73 mmo L·g-1。豆渣水溶性膳食纤维溶液粘度随剪切速率的增加而降低,呈现假塑性流体。豆渣水溶性膳食纤维有吸附胆酸钠的作用,其添加量越多,溶液中胆酸钠被吸附的量也越多,吸附平衡所花的时间越长。 相似文献
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为充分利用豆渣并适应人们营养健康需求,本试验将以米曲霉菌发酵后的豆渣制成富含膳食纤维的豆渣饼干。通过单因素试验探讨豆渣、起酥油、白砂糖、脱脂牛奶对豆渣饼干食品感官的影响,在此基础上进行响应面分析,优化豆渣饼干的配方。结果表明：发酵式豆渣饼干的最佳配方(以烘焙百分比表示)为豆渣添加量31%,起酥油添加量41%,脱脂牛奶添加量36%,白砂糖添加量21%。按照此配方生产出的豆渣饼干色泽金黄,酥脆适中,甜度适宜,硬度为33.75 N,内聚性为0.25 Ratio,弹性为0.45 mm,咀嚼性为3.74 Jm,与市场畅销饼干的客观数据接近。各理化指标符合国家标准,发酵豆渣饼干水分含量为3.60%,灰分含量为1.30%,水分活度为0.73,粗脂肪含量为26.00 g·(100 g)-1,粗蛋白含量为10.63 g·(100 g)-1,膳食纤维含量为6.24 g·(100 g)-1。结果为制备出具良好的市场前景的富含膳食纤维的豆渣饼干奠定基础。 相似文献
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《中国油料作物学报》2015,(6)
以白菜型、甘蓝型、芥菜型三种类型油菜籽为原料,比较了在微波预处理和制油过程中,芥子酸、芥子碱、Canolol在油菜籽、菜籽油、压榨饼和脱脂粕中的变化规律以及油菜籽类型间的差异;分析了微波预处理过程中Canolol含量与芥子酸、芥子碱含量的相关性,为进一步研究Canolol的转化途径和机制提供依据。结果表明,甘蓝型油菜籽中芥子酸和Canolol含量显著高于芥菜型和白菜型,而芥菜型油菜籽中芥子碱含量显著高于其他两个品种。微波预处理时间对油菜籽、菜籽油、压榨饼和脱脂粕中芥子酸、芥子碱和Canolol的含量均有显著影响(P0.05);随微波时间的延长,三种油菜籽中芥子酸、芥子碱含量均持续降低,甘蓝型油菜籽中Canolol含量先增加后减少,微波时间1~4min时,芥菜型和白菜型油菜籽中未检测到Canolol,之后随微波时间的延长Canolol含量增加。随微波处理时间的延长,菜籽油中芥子酸和Canolol含量先增加后降低,芥子碱含量则持续增加;压榨饼和脱脂粕中芥子酸和芥子碱含量均随微波时间的延长而显著降低(P0.05);微波预处理过程中,油菜籽中Canolol含量与芥子酸(-0.977)和芥子碱(-0.962)含量极显著负相关,Canolol的增加量远高于芥子酸的减少量,且与芥子酸减少量(0.967)和芥子碱减少量(0.978)极显著正相关。含量上的增减结果暗示油菜籽中芥子碱可能通过一定途径转化为Canolol。 相似文献
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以菠萝皮渣为原料制备膳食纤维,考察超微粉碎、蒸汽爆破和挤压膨化3种物理改性方式对菠萝皮渣膳食纤维的基本成分、理化性质、形貌结构及生物活性物质溶出量的影响。结果表明:3种物理改性方式均能提高样品阳离子交换能力,增加多酚、黄酮物质的溶出量。其中蒸汽爆破处理能显著提高可溶性膳食纤维含量,在持水持油性方面表现良好。形貌结构分析结果显示,改性后的膳食纤维结构均发生不同程度的变化,但其主要成分及化学结构未受影响。综上所述,蒸汽爆破处理有助于改善菠萝皮渣膳食纤维的品质。 相似文献
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Yamazaki E Murakami K Kurita O 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2005,60(1):17-23
Dietary fibers were prepared as alkali- and acid-insoluble fractions with chemical phosphorylation from Tossa jute (Corchorus olitorius), defatted soybean (Glycine max), and Shiitake (Lentinula edodes). The dietary fiber fractions treated with alkaline solution containing sodium metaphosphate had the lower protein content and higher total dietary fiber content than those of the preparations without phosphorylation. Alkaline extraction followed by phosphorylation led to a 1.5-fold increase in the water holding capacity of dietary fiber compared with no phosphorylation, whereas the binding capacity to bile acids of dietary fiber was almost the same. The alkali- and acid-insoluble extraction with phosphorylation provided an efficient preparation of water-insoluble dietary fiber with high-water holding capacity from various food sources. 相似文献
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Linseed oil which has various biomedical applications was encapsulated by chitosan (Chi)-based microcapsules in the development of a suitable carrier. Oil droplets formed in oil-in-water emulsion using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as emulsifier was stabilized by Chi, and microcapsules with multilayers were formed by alternate additions of SDS and Chi solutions in an emulsion through electrostatic interaction. No chemical cross-linker was used in the study and the multilayer shell membrane was formed by ionic gelation using Chi and SDS. The rigidification of the shell membrane of microcapsules was achieved by alkali treatment in the presence of a small amount of 1-butanol to reduce aggregation. A trisodium citrate solution was used to stabilize the charge of microcapsules by ionic cross-linking. Effects of butanol during alkali treatment and citrate in post alkali treatment were monitored in terms of morphology and the chemical properties of microcapsules. Various characterization techniques revealed that the aggregation was decreased and surface roughness was increased with layer formation. 相似文献
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纤维素具有较强的持油、持水、增容、诱导肠道微生物生长、解毒等生理功用,被营养学家誉为"第七营养素"。近年来,随着人民膳食结构发生改变,人们对膳食纤维的摄入量严重不足,出现了一些"富贵病"。为提高人民的健康水平,有必要积极开展对膳食纤维的开发利用。鉴于此,综述了大豆膳食纤维的功效、提取工艺和提取过程中膳食纤维的改性等方面的研究进展,旨在为研究者今后的研究提供指导。 相似文献
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An efficient and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of cellulose carbamate from a mixture of cellulose pulp or the activated cellulose pulp and urea was presented in this paper. Cellulose carbamate with a nitrogen content of 1.21 % and 3.29 % were successfully synthesized via esterification reaction in the high-boiling aprotic and polar N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvents (hereinafter NMP). The structures of cellulose carbamate were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Kjeldahl analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and 13C-solid-state NMR. The results showed that some functional groups of the alkali cellulose were substituted by amino in the high-boiling aprotic and polar solvents, then the cellulose carbamate was prepared with the reduced crystallinity and thermal decomposition temperature. In addition, the product was prepared with uniform substitution and distribution of carbamate group in the cellulose chain, which guaranteed its good solubility in aqueous alkali as well as its spinnability to produce fiber. 相似文献
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Asma El Oudiani Ben Sghaier Yassin ChaabouniSlah Msahli Faouzi Sakli 《Industrial Crops and Products》2012,36(1):257-266
This study investigates the effect of NaOH and NaOCl treatments on chemical composition, morphology and crystalline structure of Agave americana L. fibers. These fibers have been subjected to NaOCl and NaOH alkali treatments at different concentrations.The percentages of lignin and hemicellulose show a decrease with alkaline treatments which, in turn, induces a modification of both morphological and crystalline structures.Unit cell dimensions and crystallite size were more affected with NaOH treatment than NaOCl one. This may result from the mercerisation process which occurs with caustic soda treatment.The observed defibrillization on the treated fiber surface proves the dissolution of the non-cellulosic components present in the fiber cell wall by NaOH and NaOCl treatments. These morphological changes may improve the interaction between matrix and fiber in composites. 相似文献
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Barrett J. E. Klopfenstein C. F. Leipold H. W. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):9-15
A simple method for improving the nutritive quality of canola and high glucosinolate rapeseed meals for monogastric animals (chicks) was developed; the meals were mixed with NaHCO3 and NH4HCO3, then heated in a conventional oven. Chicks fed untreated canola or rapeseed meals gained less weight than those fed a soybean meal diet, whereas chicks fed the alkaline-heated meals had weight gains not significantly different than those fed the soybean diet. The antithyroid effect of the untreated rapeseed meal was reduced by alkaline treatment of the meals, as shown by improved T4 and free T4 levels in chicks fed the processed products. In chicks fed untreated or alkaline-treated canola or alkaline heated rapeseed meal, all thyroid hormone levels were similar to those of birds fed the soybean meal diet. However, heart tissue of chicks fed diets containing rapeseed or canola meals showed muscle fiber degeneration, although relative heart weights were the same in all groups. Liver tissue from most of the chicks in all dietary groups appeared normal or only slightly abnormal. The nutritive value of both rapeseed and canola meals was improved by this simple processing technique. 相似文献