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1.
B.  Banful  P.  Y.  Adjei  N.  K.  Achiaa 《农业科学与技术》2011,(4):443-447
An experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi （KNUST） Ghana from September, 2009 to April, 2010, to determine the most appropriate drying method, as a post harvest practice, that would ensure high percentage germination ofAnnona squamosa seeds and its subsequent effect on seedling growth. The seeds were sun-dried, air-dried under shade or kept in the fresh state. Five treatments were used, namely, Freshly Sown seeds （Treatment 1, control）, Seeds Air-Dried under Shade for one day （Treatment 2）; Seeds Sun-Dried for one day （Treatment 3）; Seeds Air-Dried under Shade for three consecutive days （Treatment 4）; Seeds Sun-Dried for three consecutive days （Treatment 5）. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design （CRD） and replicated three times. Drying of Annona squamosa seeds had significant effect on earliness and number of seeds germinated. Air drying under shade and sun-drying for three consecutive days improved earliness to germination （26 days after sowing） and percent total germination but air-drying under shade had better effect on total seed germination, achieving 90% germination in 42 days after sowing. Furthermore, the prevailing ambient temperature of 30 ℃-32 ℃ enhanced germination of Annona squamosa seeds. The study concluded that for optimum germination, seeds of Annona squamosa should be either air-dried or sun-dried for three consecutive days and be incubated in an ambient temperature range of 30 ℃-32 ℃. In terms of growth, seedling growth in leaf production was better from seeds sun-dried for three consecutive days.  相似文献   

2.
To analyze the effect of wood vinegar on seed germination and seedling growth, the seeds of corn are dipped in wood vinegar of different densities. The results showed that significant effects were found through all the treatments on the seed germination rate, the seed germinating energy and the germinating index. The regress CUBICS curves were developed to describe the relation. The reasonable parameters range was obtained. At the same time, the corn was cultivated by wood vinegar of different densities, aiming to study the effect of wood vinegar on biomass. It showed that all treatments had obvious effects on the seedling length and dry weight aboveground, the chlorophyll and dry weight underground were not included. The research results could be used to direct the wood vinegar deeply refining process and product development.  相似文献   

3.
G.O.  Kolawole  K.  A.  Adebayo  M.  A.  Adebayo 《农业科学与技术》2011,(4):428-432
Seed size can influence germination, emergence and further development of plants to produce high yield. Therefore, pot trial was conducted to assess the effects of seed sizes on growth and establishment of sheanut tree seedlings （Vitellaria paradoxa） in tlae southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. Seedlings produced from large sized seed had higher germination （80%） than those from medium （70%） and small （65%） sized seeds. Number of days to emergence of seedling from large-sized seed planting was 30 days, 49 days for small- and medium-sized seeds. Large sized seeds had higher N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents compared with small and medium sized seeds. Generally, seedlings from large sized seeds had about 1.5 times more leaves than medium sized seeds and about 2 times more leaves than small sized seeds at 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks after planting （WAP）. Seedlings from large sized seeds were taller and had larger stem girth （at 16WAP） than those from medium sized seeds. Variations in seedling growth from seed sizes could be of operational importance in nursery management as seeds can be sown according to size to improve uniformity. However, further studies to ascertain if the superior growth of seedlings from large sized seeds will lead to higher yield is recommended.  相似文献   

4.
Convolvulus arvensis is a toxic allelopathic weed that suppresses germination and growth of crops.The prime object of present study was to investigate effect of Convolvulus arvensis water extract on germination and performance of okra with different seed sizes.The seeds of okra variety pusa green were separated into three different sizes,viz large size(4.00-5.00 mm),medium size(3.00-3.50 mm)and small size(2.00-3.50 mm),and then soaked in allelopathic plant bindweed water extract and kept in patrisdishes for germination into the germinator at 15℃.The experiment was laid out using Complete Randomized Design(CRD)with three replications.The results showed that after sowing of 12 days the highest germination was observed in non-treated seeds as compared to seeds treated in Convolvulus arvensis water extract for 1 h,further non-treated large seeds produced maximum plants as compared to treated small seeds after sowing of 24 days.Meanwhile,root length,shoot length,root fresh and dry weight,shoot fresh and dry weight were recorded higher in non-treated large seeds as compared to small seeds soaked for 1 h in Convolvulus arvensis allelopthic water extract.It could be found that Convolvulus arvensis affected germination,seed growth and overall performance of okra,further presence Convolvulus arvensis in crops could cause negative impact on germination and integrity of okra crops.  相似文献   

5.
In this study influence of different seed priming treatments on the nutrient-homeostasis and reserve metabolism during seedling emergence and growth of rice were determined. Seed priming treatments included pre-germination, hydropriming for 48 h, osmohardening with KCl and CaCl2, ascorbate priming and hardening. All treatments shortened the emergence time and enhanced the energy and index of seedling emergence. Seedlings from primed seeds had greater length, number of roots and fresh and dry mass than control. Among the treatments, CaCl2, ascorbate and KCl proved better in enhancing emergence and seedling growth. Seed priming changed the pattern of N and Ca^2＋ homeostasis both of the seeds and seedlings, which were associated to enhancing s-amylase activity and reducing sugars content. Positive correlations of seedling attributes with nutrient content suggested that as a result of seed priming, most of N and Ca^2＋ were partitioned to embryo, which enhanced seedling emergence and subsequent growth of rice seedlings.  相似文献   

6.
Pelargonium sidoides DC is used in herbal medicine for the treatment of various infections. The roots are being indiscriminately harvested for local and export trade and the collection rate is becoming unsustainable. Seed germination dynamics of this species was studied with the aim to reveal factors that influence its survival in the wild in order to adopt the appropriate germination conditions for use in ex-situ propagation and conservation program. Germination was affected by age of seeds, temperature and pre-chilling conditions. Temperature higher than 25 oC reduced germination by 60%. When seeds of P. sidoides were subjected to pre-chilling treatment for seven days, there was a significant drop in final germination by 29% compared to the other treatments. Although, final germination was not affected by different light treatments, continuous light significantly promoted germination velocity Seeds harvested from the plants grown in the green house performed better in germination than those collected from the field. The ecological implications of these observations on the propagation and conservation ofP. sidoides are discussed.  相似文献   

7.
Evaluation of seed quality is the key to seed distributing and seeding of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch, as an important species for pharmacy and soil conservation. Here, we study the effects of light and temperature on seed germination and mechanical and chemical scarification on breaking the seed coat. Seeds were collected in 2004, 2005, and 2006, placed in Petri dishes, and incubated at constant temperature 20, 25, and 30℃, and alternating temperature 15-25, 20-30, 15-30, and 20-35℃ under either an 8h photoperiod or total darkness for 28 consecutive days. Different methods were used to break the dormancy owing to hard seededness in this species such as chemical scarification by immersing in concentrated sulphuric acid for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45, and 60 min, in 0.2% KNO3 solution to saturate the seedbed, and prechilling for 7 d at 7℃ and mechanical scarification by cutting. The results showed that alternating temperature at 20-30℃ with 8 h photoperiod and 16 h darkness was optimum for G. uralensis seed germinating in the laboratory. Hard seeds were broken by concentrated sulphuric acid soaking or mechanical scarification by cutting. Germination of seeds harvested in two different years was both promoted by immersing for 30-45 min in concentrated sulphuric acid. KNO3 solution was ineffective for reducing hard seeds. During seed germinating, the first count was on the 7th day and the last count was on the 14th day.  相似文献   

8.
This research aimed to improve selection of pepper seeds for separating high-quality seeds from low-quality seeds.Past research has shown that seed vigor is significantly related to the seed color and size,thus several physical features were identified as candidate predictors of high seed quality.Image recognition software was used to automate recognition of seed feature quality using 400 kernels of pepper cultivar 101.In addition,binary logistic regression and a neural network were applied to determine models with high predictive value of seed germination.Single-kernel germination tests were conducted to validate the predictive value of the identified features.The best predictors of seed vigor were determined by the highest correlation observed between the physical features and the subsequent fresh weight of seedlings that germinated from the 400 seeds.Correlation analysis showed that fresh weight was significantly positively correlated with eight physical features:three color features(R,a*,brightness),width,length,projected area,and single-kernel density,and weight.In contrast,fresh weight significantly negatively correlated with the feature of hue.In analyses of two of the highest correlating single features,germination percentage increased from 59.3 to 71.8% when a*≥3,and selection rate peaked at 57.8%.Germination percentage increased from 59.3 to 79.4%,and the selection rate reached 76.8%,when single-kernel weight≥0.0064 g.The most effective model was based on a multilayer perceptron(MLP)neural network,consisting of 15 physical traits as variables,and a stability calculated as 99.4%.Germination percentage in a calibration set of seeds was 79.1% and the selection rate was 90.0%.These results indicated that the model was effective in predicting seed germination based on physical features and could be used as a guide for quality control in seed selection.Automated systems based on machine vision and model classifiers can contribute to reducing the costs and labor required in the selection of pepper seeds.  相似文献   

9.
Seed aging characteristics of rice was investigated in this study. Seeds of 34 japonica rice (O-ryza sativa subsp. japonica) varieties were held at 45℃ constant temperature. Changes in seed viability and seed vigor during aging process were measured to study seed viability-losing characteristic and to determine warning index for seed viability loss. As a result, seed viability survival curves were obtained across different rice accessions at 45℃ constant temperature. The curves appeared to be contra-sigmoid survival curves. The loss of seed viability in the aging process consisted of two phases. The first phase took a long duration, in which the viability of vigorous seeds declined slowly. In the second phase, seed viability declined rapidly. It was obvious that seed viability declined inconsistently during storage. It also showed that seed germination was prolonged and the seedling was significantly weakened before the coming of the rapid declining phase of seed viability. These two parameters could be used to indicate seed quality during storage. The rate of compatibility of tests (RCT), coefficient of variation (CV), vigor of seedling, the day the seeds start to germinate could be used as warning indexes to indicate overall quality of a mass of accessions. These warning indexes could also be used in monitoring the viability of seeds stored in the seed genebank.  相似文献   

10.
Potato grows in most part of China, it achieves higher yield and better quality in Gansu Province than in others. With global warming, its growth duration has been prolonged and sowing date become earlier than before. Therefore, to regulate its sowing date and growing period is of great significance for better harvest. In this study, experiments were conducted with six sowing-date treatments of potato in Dingxi, which is in the Loess Plateau of central Gansu Province in Northwest China in 2010. The growth period, morphological index and change in yield and their relationships with temperature, precipitation, and other climatic factors were investigated for each treatment. Results show that the crop with different sowing dates experienced different climate conditions, leading to distinct growth duration, plant height, and leaf area index. The growth duration was shortened due to a delay in sowing date. For each 15-day delay in sowing, the growth duration was reduced by 12 days on average. A significant linear relationship was found between numbers of days either from seeding to emergence or from flowering to harvest and mean temperature over the corresponding period. Dry matter accumulation, tuber fresh weight, and final yield were all decreased because of insufficient cumulative temperature over the shorter growing periods. Marked differences in tuber yield were discovered among the six treatments of sowing date, the potato planted on May 27 giving the highest yield. The potato planted either earlier or later would produce invariably lower yield than the treatment of May 27. Late May therefore can be taken as the optimum sowing time of potato in this region because the crop can fully utilize thermal resource. We conclude that to postpone sowing time is a good practice for potato production to adapt to climate warming in the Loess Plateau of central Gansu, China.  相似文献   

11.
By inducing frequency, intensity and duration of lower temperature in the middle and last ten-day periods in August in the rice-growing areas of southern China, increasing temperature for safe seed production was defined as 2℃. During the sensitive period of fertility, characters of panicle height and canopy structure of TGMS rice, Pei＇ai64S, were measured. Results showed that temperature changes caused by irrigation in fields were below 40 cm of rice plant, and heating effect was significant at 20 cm when the temperature was increased by 3.1 ℃. For the present study, the following irrigation techniques were put forth： the water depth of 15-20 cm, current water used, irrigating after 17：00 and bailing at 10：00 in sunny or cloudy weather, irrigating on whole day, in shady or rainy weather, increasing inflows and outflows in large fields. In the present experiment, pollen fertility and self-fertilized seed setting rate accepted that the techniques were feasible and effective for against lower temperature and safeguarding seed production of two-line hybrid rice.  相似文献   

12.
Over the past five decades, the natural wetlands in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China, have been extensively reclaimed for agriculture with a total loss of nearly 80% of the surface area and the undrained marshes have received a large amount of exogenous nitrogen （N） input from the adjacent agricultural land because of fertilization. In the present study, the effects of nitrogen additions on seed germination and seedling biomass of Calamagrostis angustifolia in freshwater marsh were tested in a greenhouse study. Seed bank soil was exposed to different N additions （0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 g/m^2） under non-flooded water regime. Results revealed that, low level of N additions （less than 10 g/m^2） did not significantly affect the species richness and seedling density, while the seedling biomass at 5 g/m^2 of N addition was higher than other nutrient conditions. But species richness, seedling emergence and biomass decreased significantly at high level of N additions （20-40 g/m^2）. The responses were species-specific. High level of N additions had negative impacts on seed germination, seedling growth and biomass of dominant species Eleocharis ovata, Calamagrostis angustifolia, duncus effusus in the seed bank. To protect and restore the wetland vegetation community in the Sanjiang plain, fertilization, irrigation and land management strategies will need to be implemented to reduce the nutrient input from the agricultural land to the wetlands.  相似文献   

13.
At least 20–40% of annual losses of avocado crops are caused by pathogenic fungi. The chemical treatments of these diseases are inefficient, cause environmental pollution and are increasingly restricted by international laws. This work aimed to assess the biocontrol capacity of a bacterial extract to protect avocado fruits and plants from pathogen infections. Extracts from the bacterial isolate Serratia sp. ARP5.1 were obtained from liquid fermentations in a biorreactor. A body rot postharvest infection model with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides on fruits was developed. Moreover, packaging conditions were simulated using the bacterial extract and the commercial fungicide prochloraz as a positive control. Additionally, seedlings infections with Phytophthora cinnamomi were performed on two types of avocado(West Indian race and cv. Hass). The Area Under Disease Progress Curve(AUDPC) was recorded using the bacterial extract and a commercial product with fosetyl-aluminium as treatments. The bacterial extract significantly reduced infections by C. gloeosporioides on injured avocado fruits at 31.1 μg mL–1. Intact fruits were also protected against body rot infections at the same concentration and showed no significant differences with the commercial fungicide. On the other hand, AUDPC in the seedlings was significantly reduced with the extract treatment at 3 μg mL–1 compared to the control. However, a possible phytotoxicity effect of the extract was evidenced in the seedlings and confirmed by pathogen recovery and tests on Raphanus sativus seedlings. Finally, formulations of the extracts(emulsion and emulsifiable concentrate) were prepared, and bioactive stability was assessed for 8 wk. The emulsion formulates demonstrated very stable bioactivity against P. cinnamomi. The extract and the emulsion formulate showed promising results for the control of avocado pathogens. New bioproducts based on this type of active principles could be developed for the benefit of avocado industry.  相似文献   

14.
Plant extracts could turn out to be herbicides used in weed control. We evaluated the herbicidal effect of seven plants from the Al-Qassim Region of Saudi Arabia on germination and growth of Phalaris minor, Echinochloa crusgalli, Portulaca oleracea and Lactuca sativa. In the laboratory, plant extracts at 5, 10, 20 and 40 g/L inhibited the germination and seedling growth of test seeds. P. minor and P. oleracea were more sensitive to the extracts than L. sativa and E. crusgalli. The germination of either P. minor or P. oleracea were completely inhibited by Prosopisjuliflora at 10 g/L and by Rumex vesicarius and Teucrium baccatus at 20 g/L. Extract of Pulicaria undulate completely inhibited germination of target seeds at concentrations ranged from l 0 g/L to 40 g/L. The rank order of bioactivity was Prosopis jul（17ora 〉 Pulicaria undulata 〉 Rumex vesicarius 〉 Withania somnifera 〉 Teucrium baccatus 〉 Artemisia monosperma 〉 Anvillea garcinii. In the greenhouse trial, the extracts of seven plant species at 30, 60 and 90 g/L reduced growth of six-weeks-old target plants. Anvillea garcinii and Prosopisjuliflora showed the greatest effects. At 90 g/L, the reduction in the growth of target species reached between 20% and 30% for Anvillea garcinii and between I 1% and 25% for Prosopis juliflora. Overall, Prosopis juliflora, Pulicaria undulata, Anvillea garcinii and Rumex vesicarius had potential for use as natural herbicides or for development as novel plant-derived herbicides.  相似文献   

15.
In order to enhance the seed storability and supply high-quality seeds for vegetation restoration in the arid and semi-arid regions in Northwest China,the effects of ultra-drying and accelerated aging on the physiological characterstics of Melilotus suaveolens seeds were studied.Melilotus suaveolens seeds were dried in a desiccator containing silica gel to 80,53,42,33,23 and 16 g·kg-1 of moisture contents(MC),respectively.The parameters of the seed quality including germination energy(GE),germination percen...  相似文献   

16.
There is a primary understanding of the dominant fungi in wheat seeds conserved in the National Crop Genebank of China （NCGB） and an evaluation of the healthy status of wheat germplasm propagated in different regions. A total of 1 465 wheat accessions were detected for seedbone fungi by blotter, agar plate, and wash tests. By blotter test, 17 genera of fungi, including more than 30 species, were detected in 712 wheat accessions from Shaanxi, Hebei, and Qinghai provinces, China. Alternaria was the most frequently detected in wheat seeds from Shaanxi Province, followed by Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Gonatobotrys, Chaetomium, and others. Seedborne fungi in wheat seeds from Hebei Province, with relatively high incidence were Alternaria, Rhizopus, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, and Fusarium. In the seeds from Qinghai Province, Alternaria, Rhizopus, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, and Trichothecium are important seed-borne fungi. The seed germination was reduced substantially when seeds were infected by Fusarium verticillioides （syn. F. moniliforme）, Bipolaris nodulosa, and Cladosporium herbarum. Eighteen genera and 25 species of fungi were identified in 353 accessions from Shaanxi Province using the agar plate test. The dominant fungi were Alternaria, Aspergillus, Bipolaris, Gonatobotrys, Penicillium, and Fusarium. The smut fungi, Ustilago tritici, was detected by the wash test in 400 accessions, but it was low in incidence in 300 seed samples from Shaanxi Province （1.3%）, and in 100 samples from Hebei Province （2.0%）. Totally 19 genera of fungi were detected in wheat seed samples, and some seedborne fungi were saprophytic and others were biotrophic which could cause seedborne diseases in the field.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
Potential of seed priming treatments in improving the performance of early planted maize was evaluated against timely planting. Seeds of maize hybrid FH-810 were soaked in water(hydropriming), Ca Cl2(2.2%, osmopriming), moringa leaf extracts(MLE 3.3%, osmopriming) and salicylic acid(SA, 50 mg L–1, hormonal priming) each for 18 h. Untreated and hydroprimed seeds were taken as control. Seeds primed with SA took less time in emergence and had high vigor in early planted maize. Amongst treatments, hormonal priming, reduced the electrical conductivity, increased the leaf relative and chlorophyll contents followed by osmopriming with Ca Cl2 at seedling stage. Likewise, plant height, grain rows and 1 000-grain weight, grain and biological yield and harvest index were also improved by seed priming; however hormonal priming and osmopriming with MLE were more effective in this regard. Improved yield performance by hormonal priming or osmopriming with MLE in early planting primarily owed to increased leaf area index, crop growth and net assimilation rates, and maintenance of green leaf area at maturity. In conclusion, osmopriming with MLE and hormonal priming with SA were the most economical treatments in improving productivity of early planted spring maize through stimulation of early seedling growth at low temperature.  相似文献   

19.
Reduced early crop growth and limited branching are amongst yield limiting factors of linola. Field response of seed priming treatments viz. 50 mmol L^-1 salicylic acid （SA）, 2.2% CaCl2 and 3.3% moringa leaf extract （MLE） including untreated dry and hydropriming controls was evaluated on early crop growth and yield performance of linola. Osmopriming with CaCl2 reduced emergence time and produced the highest seedling fresh and dry weights including Chl. a contents. Osmopriming with CaCl2 reduced crop branching and flowering and maturity times and had the maximum plant height, number of branches, tillers, pods and seeds per pod followed by MLE. Increase in seed weight, biological and seed yields was 9.30, 34.16 and 39.49%, harvest index （4.12%） and oil contents （13.39%） for CaCl2 osmopriming. Positive relationship between emergence and seedling vigor traits, 100-seed weight, seed yield with maturity time, 100-seed weight and seed yield were found. The study concludes that seed osmopriming with CaC12 or MLE can play significant role to improve early crop growth and seed yields of linola.  相似文献   

20.
Soybean Dongnong 47 was subjected to the experiments of increasing UV-B radiation and water stress on soybean yield components in different growth periods. The results showed that 100-seed weight greatly increased during the early stage of pod filling in the treatment of weak UV-B radiation, seed number per plant as well as seed weight per plant and Dongnong47 yield also increased, while the yield and yield components of Dongnong47 during the blossom to mature period were negatively affected in the treatment of intensive UV-B radiation. 100-seed weight of Dongnong47 all increased in the double factor treatments of UV-B radiation and water stress, with the drought intensified, seed number per plant, seed weight per plant and yield of Dongnong47 decreased, the change of 100-seed weight were various and the antagonistic action of UV-B radiation and water stress were related with their intensity.  相似文献   

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