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结合广泛的调查和试验,对甘肃省陇东地区苹果园苹果树腐烂病、苹果斑点落叶病、苹果锈病、蚜虫类、害螨等主要病虫害的发生情况进行了调查,并提出了相应的综合防治策略,旨在为陇东乃至西北地区苹果高产栽培实践及科研提供参考。 相似文献
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不同培养条件对苹果树腐烂病病菌生长的影响 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
苹果树腐烂病(Valsa mali)是苹果产区的一种重要枝干病害,辽宁、河北、山东及京津等地危害最为严重。该病主要引起树皮腐烂,轻者枝干残缺,影响产量,重者全株死亡,甚至毁园,对苹果生产造成严重威胁。如何有效防治苹果树腐烂病一直是苹果生产中的重大研究课题,我们研究了不同培养条件对苹果树腐烂病病原菌的影响,旨在为有效防治苹果树腐烂病提供理论依据。1材料和方法1·1试验材料供试菌种来源于河北科技师范学院园艺试验站苹果园,主栽品种为富士,每年苹果树腐烂病均有发生,发病株率为70%~85%。从发病枝条上采病变组织后按常规组织分离法在P… 相似文献
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<正>苹果树腐烂病是一种毁灭性的病害。以往果农在苹果树腐烂病防治中多采用见病治病、病疤治疗的方法,使果园腐烂病越治越重,而运用综合防治方法防治苹果树腐烂病能够达到较好的防治效果,现介绍如下。1加强栽培管理,培育强壮树势增施有机肥,合理搭配氮、磷、钾肥和中微量元素。每生产100kg苹果要施入200kg腐熟有机肥和含量为45%氮磷钾复合肥1~2kg。有机肥要在秋季苹果采收后一次施入,复合肥在开花前、果实膨大期分2次施入。 相似文献
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苹果树腐烂病是一种真菌病害,在长势衰老的苹果树上时常发生,对苹果树的生长具有毁灭性的危害。受天气多变异常、病虫害抗逆性增强等诸多因素的影响,苹果树腐烂病的发生程度逐年加重,发生面积也逐年增加,给当地苹果生产构成了严重威胁,给果农增收带来了不利影响。结合苹果生产实际,分析了苹果树腐烂病的发病原因,针对其发病特点,提出了几种行之有效的治理措施,以期为果农防治苹果树腐烂病提供借鉴和参考。 相似文献
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腐烂病是苹果树的主要病害之一,危害严重,对苹果树势和产量威胁极大,必须引起高度重视,加强防治,减少危害。一、腐烂病发生时期及其发生因子1、发生时期:苹果树腐烂病为弱寄生菌,病菌分生孢子由早春树液流动开始全年均 相似文献
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The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl2 and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water. 相似文献
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AIM:To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS:In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS:PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P<0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs. 相似文献
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小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。 相似文献
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钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %~ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量 相似文献
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Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes. 相似文献