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2006年美国大陆有惊人数量的蜜蜂群死亡.随后的调查推测,这种不明原因的蜂群消失至少在最近两年是养蜂人经历过的.到2007年春季全美国有20多个州报道了蜜蜂灾难性的损失.蜜蜂飞出去采集花粉和花蜜,却神秘地不再返回蜂巢,目前还查不出原因.这种情况经过媒体的报道,特别是在万维网上迅速的传播(到2007年7月上旬"谷歌"网上已有621 000项关于蜜蜂神秘失踪的报道),引起了世界各国的科学家、养蜂企业和农场主的关怀. 相似文献
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谢银禄 《畜牧兽医科技信息》2008,(3):13
在建设社会主义新农村时期,利用科学技术发展现代畜牧业,提高生产效率,是新时期赋予畜牧兽医工作者的一项重要的历史使命.随着国民经济水平的不断提高,大格勒乡养猪业由传统"养猪为过年"落后的状态,开始面向市场.但转型的养猪业还不具备一定的经济规模和系统科学的饲养管理程序,以及必要的市场流通渠道,极易遭受市场经济规律无情的淘汰.笔者就大格勒乡养猪业通过多年的调查研究,浅析大格勒乡养猪业存在的问题,以供广大的同仁和养猪户借鉴. 相似文献
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国家蜂蜜新标准GB18796-2005的实施对治理混乱的蜂蜜市场意义重大,但标准的实施不仅存在着执行的困惑,而且存在着缺陷,主要是没有面对我国养蜂生产和产品加工的实际,没有处理好养蜂生产者、生产经营者和行业长期利益的关系,与国际标准还存在一定差距,是企业标准行业化的垄断。中国已经加入WTO六年,随着世界经济文化的一体化,蜂蜜的标准不仅是中国的,也是世界的。本文就标准存在的缺陷提出一些看法,以期能起到抛砖引玉,促进我国蜂蜜标准更为科学和合理的修订。 相似文献
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随着养禽业的发展,疾病也在不断地变化.为防治各种疾病的发生,投药是不可避免的,但如果投药的方法不当(如剂量过大或用药时间过长),则会引起药物中毒,严重影响鸡的健康和生产性能,甚至造成大批死亡,给养鸡业造成不应有的损失.现就鸡常用药物中毒的原因及其预防措施简述如下. 相似文献
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七月,火红的季节,勾起人们无限的追忆与遐想。当南湖红船的誓言冲破华夏大地的阴霾,当遵义会议毛泽东思想成为行路的指南,当春天的故事唱响十三亿人民走进新时代的诗篇,当和平崛起的 相似文献
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导读:用禽流感病毒疫苗给家禽进行免疫接种是预防禽流感发生与传播的主要措施.但是,用疫苗进行免疫接种可能不会使病毒的复制和排泄停止,并且对在免疫接种的鸡群中特别是在集约化生产方式的鸡群中可能出现毒力更强的病原体.文章特别指出,当前,用行政手段强行取缔小规模的家禽生产被认为是既不现实也不适宜的. 相似文献
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记:对于一个规模化的猪场来说,贵场今年的养猪效益怎么样? 张:还不错.虽然今年广东地区也属于高致病性猪蓝耳病的暴发区,但对于规模化的猪场来说,受到的影响较小.今年的整体行情很好,根据各规模猪场的情况不同,养猪利润稍有差异,大概每头猪在200～300元,中小户的利润更高些,有许多养猪企业和养猪户是赚了钱的.但对整个行业来说,今年整体赚的钱不会比往年多,因为猪出栏量减少的程度比较严重. 相似文献
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在季节交替的时候,由于气温起伏较大,长期患有高血压、高血脂的老年人极易诱发脑血管病.所以应注意以下几点: 1.患有高血压病、心脏病、短暂性脑缺血、动脉硬化等疾病的人群应引起高度重视,并在医生的指导下进行正规的、长期的治疗和观察,同时服用蜂产品制剂. 相似文献
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鉴别现有PRRS(猪繁殖与呼吸综合征)病毒基因 型的工作是瑞典2007年流行病研究的重要内容.在德 国,从1990年首次暴发PRRS起,PRRS就成了地方病.汉诺威的兽医大学与英特威国际公司合作,测定从下 萨克森郡(该国养猪密度最大的地区)分离到的病毒 株类型发现,2004-2007年问病例分离出的病毒类型 关系密切,大多形成了具有自身特征的族群,与其它欧洲国家的PRRs病毒毒株类型不同. 相似文献
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Canine and feline dermatomycosis is the common skin disease in small animal,which not only affects the appearance of the canine and feline, but also leads to itching or pain, and even increases the risk of dog and cat owners suffering from dermatomycosis. Dermatomycosis is harmful to health of animals and human beings. The dermatomycosis is difficult to identify, has long treatment cycle and high recurrence, and affected by regional or/and environmental factors, lead to its prevalent and brought great difficulties to the clinical diagnosis and treatment. Canine and feline dermatomycosis could be diagnosed according to illness history survey, clinical symptoms, isolation and identification of pathogens and histopathological examination. In order to curing canine and feline dermatomycosis effectively, systemic therapy combined with topical administration, scientific and rational use of antibiotics, and improvement of animal feeding management should be carried. 相似文献
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Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections
of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal
(GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April
2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs
located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming
areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology
laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum
columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying
degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal
abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy
season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different
nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those
observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes.
But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the
results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. 相似文献
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反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物研究进展 《畜牧与饲料科学》2021,42(5):28-38
反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物处于一个复杂的微生态系统,其多样性及营养代谢与该系统中的各项因素存在紧密联系。了解反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性变化和营养代谢机制,是通过人为干预手段改善动物福利、提高动物生产效率、提升动物产品质量、减少温室气体排放的基础。关于反刍动物瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性及营养代谢与单个环境因子的关系得到了广泛的研究并取得了一些进展,对指导生产实践和保护环境起到了一定作用。综述了近年来国内外反刍家畜瘤胃及肠道微生物多样性,以及微生物与宿主动物、日粮结构、环境因子相互作用及机制方面的研究进展,以期为探索瘤胃及肠道微生物在反刍动物营养代谢中的作用及其机制提供参考。 相似文献
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The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies. 相似文献
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中国家畜家禽寄生虫与寄生虫病概况 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
沈杰 《中国兽医寄生虫病》2005,13(2):1-4
为了提供我国家畜家禽寄生虫和寄生虫病总的概况，综合分析了相关资料，归纳出了我国畜禽寄生虫种类构成、分布范围、重要人畜共患寄生虫虫种、我国南北两方寄生虫种类的异同、多宿主寄生虫虫种和家畜家禽寄生虫病概况等几个方面的内容，并作了评述讨论。 相似文献
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为了对猪排泄物中恩诺沙星(enrofloxacin,ENR)和环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin,CIP)进行定量检测,试验建立了测定猪粪尿中ENR和CIP含量的高效液相－荧光检测方法。将猪粪经乙腈－氨水超声提取后,加入三氯乙酸酸化,然后分别将经磷酸酸化后的猪尿和提取后的猪粪溶液经固相萃取小柱富集净化,取净化液进行HPLC分析。HPLC流动相为乙腈(A):柠檬酸/乙酸铵缓冲液(B),梯度洗脱:0~25 min,A 10%~40%;25~30 min,A 40%至10%,荧光检测器的激发波长278 nm,发射波长465 nm。结果表明,ENR和CIP 在尿中的最低检测限(LOD)<0.01 mg/L,在粪中的LOD<0.021 mg/kg,在尿中的最低检测限(LOQ)<0.03 mg/L,在粪中LOQ<0.056 mg/kg,猪尿中的ENR和CIP在0.01~1.0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R2分别为0.9994和0.9992;猪粪中的ENR和CIP在0.02~2.0 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R2分别为0.9986和0.9981。ENR在猪粪和猪尿中的回收率分别为79.4%和88.5%,CIP在猪粪和猪尿中的回收率分别为75.8%和89.9%。该方法样品处理简单,检测结果准确可靠,且灵敏度较高,是值得推广的检测方法。 相似文献
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Cephalonium is a second generation cephalosporin.It is effective to prevent and treat mastitis during dry period.It has a broad antibacterial spectrum,strong bactericidal activity,less allergic reactions and low toxicity,and so on,especially showing a good antibacterial activity to Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococus.In this paper,the physical and chemical properties,pharmacokinetic,pharmacology and toxicology,residue and withdrawal periods,application in the prevention and treatment of mastitis in dairy cows,and the prospect of the development of cephalonium were investigated and reviewed. 相似文献
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近年来随着畜禽养殖的集约化与规模化的不断发展,畜禽容易遭受来自饲料发霉、抗生素滥用及肝炎病毒等因素产生的肝损伤。白藜芦醇是一种广泛存在于多种植物中的天然植物提取物,属于多酚类物质,在食品科学和医学领域中可以改善肝脏疾病造成的肝损伤。同时,白藜芦醇可以有效保护畜禽肝脏,缓解炎症刺激、氧化应激以及细胞凋亡等生理或病理状态时产生的肝损伤。另外,白藜芦醇可以通过调节畜禽脂代谢,改善生长育肥阶段容易出现的非酒精性脂肪肝所导致的肝损伤。作者综合了白藜芦醇对畜禽肝损伤保护作用的研究进展,简述了白藜芦醇的理化性质和相关生物学功能,如抗炎、抗氧化、抗细胞凋亡,同时介绍了畜禽常见肝损伤的主要类型和病理途径,并分析了白藜芦醇对畜禽常见肝损伤保护机制和相关信号通路,以期为白藜芦醇通过改善畜禽常见肝损伤、提高畜产品品质提供依据,为探究白藜芦醇成为一种新型优质的饲料添加剂的可能性提供理论支撑。 相似文献
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A. D. Wales J. J. Carrique‐Mas M. Rankin B. Bell B. B. Thind R. H. Davies 《Zoonoses and public health》2010,57(5):299-314
This systematic review considers the relationship between arthropods commonly found in and around livestock premises and zoonotic bacteria. The principal focus is upon insects and arachnids on poultry units, where houses, litter and manure provide good conditions for the growth, multiplication and protection of flies, beetles and mites, and where zoonotic pathogens such as Salmonella and Campylobacter are prevalent. Other members of the Enterobacteriaceae and the taxa Clostridium, Helicobacter, Erysipelas and Chlamydiaceae are also discussed. Salmonella is widely distributed in the flies of affected livestock units and is detectable to a lesser degree in beetles and mites. Persistent carriage appears to be common and there is some field and experimental evidence to support arthropod‐mediated transmission between poultry flocks, particularly carry‐over from one flock to the next. Campylobacter may readily be isolated from arthropods in contact with affected poultry flocks, although carriage is short‐lived. There appears to be a role for flies, at least, in the breaching of biosecurity around Campylobacter‐negative flocks. The carriage of other zoonotic bacteria by arthropods has been documented, but the duration and significance of such associations remain uncertain in the context of livestock production. 相似文献