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1.
Plasmodium vivax is one of the four malaria parasites that cause disease in humans. The structure of the immunodominant repeating peptide of the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of P. vivax was determined. A fragment of P. vivax DNA that encodes this tandemly repeating epitope was isolated by use of an oligonucleotide probe whose sequence is thought to be conserved in CS protein genes. DNA sequence analysis of the P. vivax clone indicates that the CS repeat is nine amino acids in length (Gly-Asp-Arg-Ala-Asp-Gly-Gln-Pro-Ala). The structure of the repeating region was confirmed with synthetic peptides and monoclonal antibodies directed against P. vivax sporozoites. This information should allow synthesis of a vaccine for P. vivax that is similar to the one being tested for P. falciparum.  相似文献   

2.
T cell clones obtained from a human volunteer immunized with Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites specifically recognized the native circumsporozoite (CS) antigen expressed on P. falciparum sporozoites, as well as bacteria- and yeast-derived recombinant falciparum CS proteins. The response of these CD4+ CD8- cells was species-specific, since the clones did not proliferate or secrete gamma interferon when challenged with sporozoites or recombinant CS proteins of other human, simian, or rodent malarias. The epitope recognized by the sporozoite-specific human T cell clones mapped to the 5' repeat region of the CS protein and was contained in the NANPNVDPNANP sequence.  相似文献   

3.
A clone of complementary DNA encoding the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum has been isolated by screening an Escherichia coli complementary DNA library with a monoclonal antibody to the CS protein. The DNA sequence of the complementary DNA insert encodes a four-amino acid sequence: proline-asparagine-alanine-asparagine, tandemly repeated 23 times. The CS beta-lactamase fusion protein specifically binds monoclonal antibodies to the CS protein and inhibits the binding of these antibodies to native Plasmodium falciparum CS protein. These findings provide a basis for the development of a vaccine against Plasmodium falciparum malaria.  相似文献   

4.
In a study of recombinant proteins that might be useful in developing a vaccine against malaria, synthetic peptides from the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of Plasmodium falciparum were found to be immunogenic for mice and rabbits. Antibody to peptides from the repeating region of the CS protein recognized native CS protein and blocked sporozoite invasion of human hepatoma cells in vitro. Antibodies to peptides from regions I and II had no biologic activity, although antibody to region I recognized processed CS protein by Western blot analysis. These data support the feasibility of developing a vaccine against the sporozoite stage of the malaria parasite by using synthetic peptides of the repeating region of the CS protein conjugated to a carrier protein.  相似文献   

5.
The circumsporozoite (CS) protein has been the target for development of malaria sporozoite vaccines for a decade. However, immunization with subunit vaccines based on the CS protein has never given the complete protection found after immunization with irradiated sporozoites. BALB/c mice immunized with irradiated Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites produced antibodies and cytotoxic T cells against a 140-kilodalton protein, sporozoite surface protein 2 (SSP2). Mice immunized with P815 cells that had been transfected with either SSP2 or CS genes were partially protected, and those immunized with a mixture of SSP2 and CS transfectants were completely protected against malaria. These studies emphasize the importance of vaccine delivery systems in achieving protection and define a multi-antigen sporozoite vaccine.  相似文献   

6.
The circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum may be the most promising target for the development of a malaria vaccine. In this study, proteins composed of 16, 32, or 48 tandem copies of a tetrapeptide repeating sequence found in the CS protein were efficiently expressed in the bacterium Escherichia coli. When injected into mice, these recombinant products resulted in the production of high titers of antibodies that reacted with the authentic CS protein on live sporozoites and blocked sporozoite invasion of human hepatoma cells in vitro. These CS protein derivatives are therefore candidates for a human malaria vaccine.  相似文献   

7.
Antigenic diversity in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum   总被引：23，自引：0，他引：23  
Monoclonal antibodies against blood forms of Plasmodium falciparum were used to demonstrate considerable antigenic diversity in this species. Different isolates were distinguished by their ability to react with certain antibodies, and most of the antibodies reacted specifically with merozoites, schizonts, or both. The distribution of different antigenic types appeared not to be related to geographic origin. Serological typing with monoclonal antibodies extends the range of methods for identification of different strains of this malaria parasite.  相似文献   

8.
Immunization with radiation-attenuated malaria sporozoites induces potent cellular immune responses, but the target antigens are unknown and have not previously been elicited by subunit vaccines prepared from the circumsporozoite (CS) protein. A method is described here for inducing protective cell-mediated immunity to sporozoites by immunization with attenuated Salmonella typhimurium transformed with the Plasmodium berghei CS gene. These transformants constitutively express CS antigens and, when used to immunize mice orally, colonize the liver, induce antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity, and protect mice against sporozoite challenge in the absence of antisporozoite antibodies. These data indicate that the CS protein contains T cell epitopes capable of inducing protective cell-mediated immunity, and emphasize the importance of proper antigen presentation in generating this response. Analogous, orally administered vaccines against human malaria might be feasible.  相似文献   

9.
Antibodies were raised in mice immunized with several recombinant and synthetic peptides of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum. The antibodies were evaluated for protective activity in a human hepatocyte culture system. They exerted their protective effect against the parasite at three points: sporozoite attachment to the hepatocyte surface, entry, and subsequent intracellular development. Inhibition of attachment and entry were found to be related to the antibody titer against the authentic circumsporozoite protein on the sporozoite surface, especially when peptides were administered with alum or complete Freund's adjuvant. Even when invasion was not totally inhibited, the presence of abnormal trophozoites and a frequent inhibition of schizont development in long-term cultures suggested continued activity of antibodies at the intracellular level after sporozoite penetration had been completed.  相似文献   

10.
The gene encoding the circumsporozoite (CS) protein of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax has been cloned. The deduced sequence of the protein consists of 373 amino acids with a central region of 19 tandem repeats of the nonapeptide Asp-Arg-Ala-Asp/Ala-Gly-Gln-Pro-Ala-Gly. A synthetic 18-amino acid peptide containing two tandem repeats binds to a monoclonal antibody directed to the CS protein of Plasmodium vivax and inhibits the interaction of this antibody with the native protein in sporozoite extracts. The portions of the CS gene that do not contain repeats are closely related to the corresponding regions of the CS genes of two simian malarias, Plasmodium cynomolgi and Plasmodium knowlesi. In contrast, the homology between the CS genes of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium falciparum, another malaria parasite of humans, is very limited.  相似文献   

11.
The gene coding for the circumsporozoite antigen of the malaria parasite Plasmodium knowlesi was inserted into the vaccinia virus genome under the control of a defined vaccinia virus promoter. Cells infected with the recombinant virus synthesized polypeptides of 53,000 to 56,000 daltons that reacted with monoclonal antibody against the repeating epitope of the malaria protein. Furthermore, rabbits vaccinated with the recombinant virus produced antibodies that bound specifically to sporozoites. These data provide evidence for expression of a cloned malaria gene in mammalian cells and illustrate the potential of vaccinia virus recombinants as live malaria vaccines.  相似文献   

12.
Proteosomes are hydrophobic, membranous, multimolecular preparations of meningococcal outer membrane proteins that are also B cell mitogens. These characteristics suggested that proteosomes may serve as carrier proteins and adjuvants to enhance peptide immunogenicity. Although high titers of malaria circumsporozoite (CS) antibodies protect against malaria, vaccines thus far tested in humans have been insufficiently immunogenic to be clinically useful. Here it is shown that synthetic CS peptides hydrophobically complexed to proteosomes by way of lauroyl-cysteine become highly immunogenic in mice without other adjuvants. The high titers of antibodies produced and the safety of proteosomes in humans suggest that this novel system is widely applicable for the development of peptide vaccines to protect against many diseases.  相似文献   

13.
【目的】利用朊蛋白双基因敲除（PRNP-/-）羊制备朊蛋白多克隆抗体,并对其特性进行分析。【方法】构建山羊朊蛋白（PrP）原核表达载体,转入大肠杆菌并诱导表达,纯化获得羊PrP;将获得的PrP免疫PRNP-/-山羊,制备朊蛋白特异性的多克隆抗体;并对获得的朊蛋白多克隆抗体进行ELISA及Western-blot检测。【结果】获得了大量的朊蛋白特异性抗血清,间接ELASA检测抗血清中朊蛋白多克隆抗体的效价为25600;Western-blot检测显示所制备抗体不仅可以识别鼠、牛、羊脑组织内源性朊蛋白,而且能识别鼠脑组织内朊病毒。【结论】PRNP-/-转基因山羊可用于制备大量高亲和力朊蛋白多克隆抗体,获得的抗体可用于多种动物朊蛋白及朊病毒类疾病的检测。  相似文献   

14.
Plasmodium falciparum, the most lethal of the malarial parasites that infect humans, undergoes three cycles of development in its vertebrate host and elicits stage-specific immune responses. This stage specificity of the immune response has made it difficult to isolate antigens that would be useful in developing a vaccine against malaria. A complementary DNA clone for a glycophorin-binding protein of Plasmodium falciparum merozoites has been isolated and characterized. The protein interacts with glycophorin, the erythrocyte receptor, during invasion of the host cell by the parasite. Antigenic determinants of this protein expressed in Escherichia coli have been used to produce antibodies to a glycophorin-binding protein. The antibodies show schizont-specific immunofluorescence and react with the merozoite protein. The primary sequence of these determinants reveals a 150-nucleotide tandem-repeating sequence coding for a 50-amino-acid repeat. The characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum glycophorin-binding protein represents one approach toward designing serologic agents to block the parasite's development in the vertebrate host.  相似文献   

15.
The first human vaccines against the malaria parasite have been designed to elicit antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum. However, it is not known whether any level of naturally acquired antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein can predict resistance to Plasmodium falciparum malaria. In this study, 83 adults in a malaria-endemic region of Kenya were tested for circumsporozoite antibodies and then treated for malaria. They were monitored for the development of new malaria infections for 98 days. Antibody levels, as determined by four assays in vitro, were indistinguishable between the 60 individuals who did and the 23 who did not develop parasitemia during follow-up, and there was no apparent relation between day of onset of parasitemia and level of antibodies to circumsporozoite protein. Unless immunization with sporozoite vaccines induces antibodies that are quantitatively or qualitatively superior to the circumsporozoite antibodies in these adults, it is unlikely that such antibodies will prevent infection in areas with as intense malaria transmission as western Kenya.  相似文献   

16.
为制备鸭源新城疫病毒M蛋白的多克隆抗体,根据鸭新城疫病毒M基因序列设计1对特异性引物,RT-PCR方法扩增出M基因,克隆入原核表达载体p ET-30a,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG的诱导下成功表达重组蛋白,SDS-PAGE结果显示,表达的重组蛋白分子质量约为39 ku。将目的蛋白切胶免疫ICR小鼠,制备重组蛋白的多抗血清,Western blot分析显示,制备的多抗血清能与鸭新城疫病毒感染的SPF鸡胚尿囊液总蛋白发生特异反应。以上结果表明,M基因在大肠杆菌中获得了成功表达,且制备的鼠多抗血清可以用于M蛋白的检测。  相似文献   

17.
应用改进的十二烷基硫酸钠 -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳 (SDS- PAGE)方法从感染柑橘速衰病毒 (CTV)强株系和弱株系的墨西哥酸橙病株中检测到一种相对分子质量约为 130 0 0的特异蛋白 ,而在健株中未能检测到 ,该蛋白电泳谱带没有差异 .应用 Western印迹技术进一步分析表明 ,这种蛋白不与 CTV特异的多克隆抗体10 52和 3DF1单克隆抗体反应 .这暗示着该蛋白是墨西哥酸橙在 CTV侵染胁迫条件下编码产生的一种病程相关蛋白 .研究结果也表明 ,应用 SDS- PAGE方法检测这一特异蛋白 ,可作为诊断墨西哥酸橙植株感染 CTV的一种有效的分子生物学辅助检测方法  相似文献   

18.
  目的   类毒素过敏原蛋白（VAPs）是松材线虫侵染松树过程中分泌的一类蛋白。此类蛋白可通过抑制松树的防卫反应,从而利于松材线虫在松树内的定殖与扩散。本研究对4种类毒素过敏原蛋白进行原核表达、多抗制备和基因的表达模式分析,明确松材线虫Bx-VAPs蛋白的结构与功能,为阐明该类蛋白在松材线虫与寄主松树互作中的作用机理提供基础支撑。   方法   本研究利用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增松材线虫4个Bx-VAPs基因,通过实时荧光定量（RT-qPCR）方法检测不同龄期松材线虫4个Bx-VAPs基因的表达量。同时,将扩增的4个基因全长产物分别转化至pET32b原核表达载体,构建重组质粒pET-32b-VAPs,经鉴定正确后的重组质粒转化至大肠杆菌BL21DE3进行诱导表达。利用纯化的Bx-VAPs蛋白分别免疫Balb/c鼠,4次免疫后获得多克隆抗体;采用间接酶联免疫吸附法ELISA测定抗体血清效价;利用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）和免疫印迹法（Western-blot）进行蛋白鉴定。最后,应用生物信息学方法分析这四个蛋白的理化性质、二级结构和表面特性,预测B细胞抗原表位。   结果   松材线虫4个Bx-VAPs基因在不同龄期的表达量存在显著差异,其中Bx-VAP1和Bx-VAP2基因在成虫期表达量较高,Bx-VAP3和Bx-VAP4基因在繁殖型L3时期表达量较高。构建获得的重组质粒pET-32b-VAPn诱导表达的蛋白分子量介于21 ~ 31 kDa之间,纯化后的多克隆抗体anti-VAP1、anti-VAP2和anti-VAP3均对松材线虫蛋白液具有较高的特异性,但anti-VAP4抗体未能与松材线虫蛋白液结合反应。4个Bx-VAP蛋白的二级结构均以α螺旋和无规则卷曲为主,存在信号肽,具有SCP结构域,无跨膜结构域,Bx-VAP1潜在的优势B细胞抗原表位较多。   结论   重组质粒pET-32b-VAPn诱导表达的蛋白大小与预测的蛋白大小一致,均为包涵体表达,制备的多克隆抗体anti-VAP1、anti-VAP2和anti-VAP3效价高,特异性良好,Bx-VAP1具有潜在的B细胞抗原表位优势,为进一步研究松材线虫VAPs蛋白的功能及其相关致病机制研究提供了实验材料和基础。    相似文献   

19.
Complete development of hepatic stages of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  
An in vitro model was developed to study the hepatic phase of Plasmodium falciparum, the only malaria parasite lethal to man. Primary cultures of human hepatocytes were inoculated with sporozoites of Brazilian and African strains of P. falciparum. On days 1 through 7 after inoculation examination of fluorescence-labeled and Giemsa-stained preparations demonstrated the presence of many intracellular parasites. In three separate sets of experiments all cultures were found to be infected with as many as 650 liver schizonts measuring up to 40 micrometers. After the addition of red blood cells, intraerythrocytic forms of P. falciparum were detected on days 12 and 13 by an immunofluorescence assay, indicating that the hepatic cycle had been completed in vitro.  相似文献   

20.
为研究新加坡石斑鱼虹彩病毒(Singapore grouper iridovirus,SGIV)核心基因ORF39L在病毒侵染过程中的作用,制备了SGIV ORF39L表达蛋白的抗体;通过生物信息学软件预测SGIV ORF39L的抗原表位基因,并以所选抗原表位基因片段39Ag1和39Ag2构建原核表达质粒pET32a-39Ag1和pET32a-39Ag2;将质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中成功表达融合蛋白pET32a-VP39Ag1和pET32a-VP39Ag2;用所得融合蛋白分别免疫小鼠,获得了高效特异抗体39Ab1和39Ab2;利用制备的抗体进行间接免疫荧光试验,结果显示,VP39参与了SGIV的装配。本研究结果为进一步研究ORF39L基因在SGIV感染过程中的作用机制提供了数据资料。  相似文献   

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