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A new pigmented, optically active, low molecular weight metabolite has been isolated from peanut (Arachis hypogaea) kernels challenged by four species of Aspergillus. The structure of the new compound, termed SB-1, was elucidated by analysis of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectrometric data. The SB-1 molecule bears prenylated benzenoid and but-2-enolide moieties and represents an unusual class of compounds. The closest known analogue to SB-1 was isolated from heartwood of Pericopsis elata. Both A. hypogaea and P. elata belong to the family Leguminosae. The new metabolite was accumulated in different peanut genotypes challenged by five Aspergillus species and may be an important representative of a new class of peanut phytoalexins. SB-1 production often exceeds production of major known stilbenes. 相似文献
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二氢黄酮醇还原酶(dihydroflavonol 4-reductase,DFR)是植物花青素合成过程中的关键酶,催化二氢黄酮醇生成无色花青素。本研究利用花生(Arachis hypogae a L.)未成熟种子cDNA文库,通过大规模EST测序,从花生中克隆了DFR基因的全长cDNA序列。序列分析表明,花生DFR蛋白氨基酸序列与其他植物来源的DFR有很高的同源性。利用花生cDNA芯片和半定量RT-PCR方法对花生DFR基因表达模式的研究发现,DFR基因在果针中表达水平最高,其次是花,在根和叶中有微量表达;不同种皮颜色花生品种的种子中表达差异明显,随种皮颜色的加深,DFR基因表达增强,在中花9号黑色种子中表达量最高。对茎叶紫色花生种质材料的研究表明,在紫色组织中DFR基因表达较强。结果表明DFR表达量与花青素积累量呈正相关,说明DFR催化反应是花青素合成途径的关键步骤。 相似文献
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花生是中国重要的油料作物、经济作物和豆科作物。作为世界第一花生生产国和出口国,利用遗传转化方法,加快花生生物性状和遗传育种的研究势在必行。花生根系和根瘤系统的研究对于提高花生抗性进而提高花生的产量和品质以及生物固氮能力具有重要的意义。然而,目前花生遗传转化体系还不成熟,给花生研究造成了严重的障碍。本文建立了利用发根农杆菌介导花生下胚轴形成转基因毛根和根瘤的新方法,并分别用GFP和GUS两种检测方法对该转化体系进行了检测,表明该方法是一个操作简易、高效的遗传转化方法,为利用基因工程技术对花生进行研究和遗传改良提供了一套新方法。 相似文献
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选取晋西黄土区具有典型代表性的幼龄苹果(Malus pumila)+花生(Arachis hypogaea)间作地作为研究对象,在花生生长季的不同时间对苹果+花生间作地和对照花生单作地的土壤水分进行定位监测,研究苹果+花生间作系统间作界面上土壤水分的时空分布特征和水分效应,及其对花生生长状况和产量的影响。结果表明:1)间作地土壤平均水分含量生长季逐月变化显著,水分耗用最大的时间为7月;2)在垂直方向上,土壤含水量随着土壤深度的增加而增加,在水平方向上,土壤含水量最低值出现在距离果树行最近的区域,并随着与树行距离的增加而增加;3)间作地种间土壤水分耗用量最大的区域为靠近苹果树的表层土壤;4)在当前树龄下,苹果+花生间作系统相对于花生单作土壤水分在整体上表现为负效应,对花生的产量产生了不利的影响,并限制了果农间作系统生态效益和经济效益的进一步提高。建议采取适当的调控和管理措施缓解种间水分竞争并提高花生的产量。 相似文献
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地膜覆盖栽培对小京生花生土壤温湿度的调控及其生物学效应 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
2002-2003年的试验表明,地膜覆盖栽培对小京生花生的土壤调温、调湿效应十分显著,在生育前期能提高土壤温度,夏季降低土壤温度,连续降雨天气能降低土壤湿度,干旱天气能提高土壤湿度,从而使小京生花生生育期提前,地上、地下部分生长良好,产量显著提高。实验结果为进一步推广和扩大地膜栽培提供依据。 相似文献
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借助地理信息系统与数学模型,利用福建省气象观测数据,通过二次趋势面与反距离权重插值模型推算福建相关气温因子,进而对秋花生种植气温限制因子进行动态聚类。结果表明,福建省秋花生种植气温重度限制、中度限制、轻度限制和无限制面积分别占耕地总面积的42.22%、18.21%、14.56%和25.01%,限制程度表现出由闽东南向闽西、闽中、闽北及闽东地区逐渐加重的空间分布趋势。 相似文献
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花生油体蛋白家族基因的克隆和表达分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
油体蛋白是一类覆盖在油体表面的碱性小分子蛋白.油体蛋白的存在对于维护油体的稳定性非常重要,油体蛋白也是种子作为生物反应器表达重组外源蛋白的重要载体.本研究通过构建花生(A rac his hypogaea L.)未成熟种子的全长cDNA文库,测序得到284条编码油体蛋白的EST.根据编码蛋白分子量的大小可将花生油体蛋白基因分为6个亚族:AhOLE O- 16.9、AhOLEO- 17.7、AhOLEO- 18.6、AhOLEO-22、AhOLEO- 18.4和AhOLEO- 14.3 (GenBank登录号分别为:EG372527、EG373122、EG373716、EG372719、EE125019和EE124234),其中AhOLEO- 16.9,AhOLEO- 17.7和AhOLEO- 14.3分别有2个成员,其它家族的各只有1个成员.本研究首次从花生中克隆了分子较大的AhOLEO-22.cDNA芯片和半定量PCR结果表明6个亚族的油体蛋白基因在花生的不同器官和在种子不同发育时期表达模式相似,在根、茎、叶、花中几乎检测不到油体蛋白基因的表达,在种子中表达量高,在果针入土15d内几乎检测不到油体蛋白基因的表达,随着种子发育成熟油体蛋白基因的表达量逐步提高.本研究为研究花生油体蛋白基因的家族构成和利用花生油体蛋白基因提高花生含油量、生产外源蛋白等提供了有用的信息. 相似文献
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Effectiveness of iron chelates and FeSO4 for correcting iron chlorosis of peanut on calcareous soils
I. Papastylianou 《Journal of plant nutrition》2013,36(5):555-566
The effectivenness of different Fe chelates to correct lime induced chlorosis of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) was tested on calcareous soils in Cyprus. Among the chelates tested, Fe‐DTPA and Fe‐EDTA were less effective than Fe‐EDDHA. In one experiment. Fe‐EDDHMA Was less effective while in another experiment was equally effective compared to Fe‐EDDHA . Three different commercial chelates of the form Fe‐EDDHA were equally effective in correcting iron chlorosis. The stability of the Fe‐EDDHA chelate in the soil does not affect its efficiency in curing chlorosis of peanut due to the short growing season for this crop. Ferrous sulfate applied without an acidifying soil amendment was not effective to correct iron chlorosis of peanut. 相似文献
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以沂蒙山区坡耕花生地为研究对象,建立野外原位观测小区,将花生+狗牙根(处理Ⅰ)、花生+草木犀(处理Ⅱ)、花生+黑麦草(处理Ⅲ)、花生+三叶草(处理Ⅳ)、花生+空白对照(处理Ⅴ)5种植草方式进行对比,研究垄间不同植草方式对坡耕花生地土壤理化性质的影响,并运用灰色关联分析法对多个土壤理化性质指标进行综合判定。结果表明:垄间植草方式中土壤粗化指数、砂粒含量、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、毛管持水量、有机质及全氮含量出现了不同程度的升高,而容重、黏粒与粉粒、全磷含量呈现下降趋势;与空白对照相比,垄间植草明显改良了土壤理化性质,其中以花生+黑麦草处理效果最优,灰色关联度达到0.931 9,其余依次为花生+三叶草(0.929 6)、花生+草木犀(0.747 6)及花生+狗牙根(0.731 1),空白对照效果最差,灰色关联度仅为0.548 7。 相似文献
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施氮量对不同类型花生蔗糖合成及产量的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以白沙1016和花育17为材料,在大田高产栽培条件下,研究了不同施氮量对不同类型花生叶片蔗糖合成及产量的影响。结果表明,在一定施氮量范围内,增加施氮量花生叶片磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性提高,蔗糖含量增加,过量施氮磷酸蔗糖合成酶活性下降,蔗糖含量降低,适量施氮有利于花生叶片蔗糖的合成。增施氮肥提高花生荚果产量主要是通过提高花生的生物产量而获得的,过多施氮经济系数降低,而导致荚果产量下降。适当增施氮肥提高花生产量,主要是通过提高单株有效结果数和荚果饱满程度而实现的。不同类型花生品种对氮肥的响应不同,珍珠豆型花生品种的适宜施氮量较普通型花生品种的为低。本试验条件下,珍珠豆型花生品种的适宜施氮量为N 90 kg/hm2左右;普通型花生品种的适宜施氮量为N 135 kg/hm2左右。 相似文献
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Leticia Galgaro Jose´ Francisco Montenegro Valls Catalina Romero Lopes 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》1997,44(1):9-15
Arachis villosulicarpa is a perennial species cultivated for its soft and tasty seeds by indigenous inhabitants of the Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Besides A. hypogaea, this species is considered as the only species of Arachis which represents a valuable food source for human consumption. Due to the lack of knowledge concerning the genetic diversity of A. villosulicarpa, this study was conducted to evaluate the genetic variability of the accessions from the Germplasm Collection of CENARGEN/EMBRAPA (Brasília, DF, Brazil) and Instituto Agrono^mico (IAC, Campinas, SP, Brazil). In addition, the genetic similarity between A. villosulicarpa, the related wild species A. pietrarellii, and the cultivated peanut A. hypogaea cv. Tatu was evaluated. From the entire sample analyzed of A. villosulicarpa, the accession from Instituto Agrono^mico showed the highest indices of diversity for both enzymatic systems analyzed, pointing this accession as a promising source of genetic variabil ity that must be preserved in the Germplasm Bank. A high level of genetic similarity was observed between A. pietrarellii and A. villosulicarpa, supporting previous suggestions that A. pietrarellii could be the ancestral progenitor species of A. villosulicarpa or that both species originated from a common ancestor. 相似文献
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调环酸钙对花生某些生理特性和产量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用田间试验研究了叶面喷施调环酸钙对花生某些生理特性和产量的影响。结果表明,调环酸钙可显著增加花生叶片厚度和叶绿素含量,促进叶片光合作用;提高叶片SOD、POD和CAT等保护酶活性和可溶性蛋白质含量,但对根系活力和MDA含量影响不大。调环酸钙对控制花生地上部营养体生长、增加单株果数和果重、提高经济系数以及荚果产量作用显著。本试验结果可以得出,调环酸钙的效果在许多情况下优于多效唑。 相似文献
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Peanut roots as a source of resveratrol 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
A potent antioxidant, resveratrol (3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene), was extracted using 80% methanol from peanut roots (Arachis hypogaea L.), isolated with a solid-phase extraction column, purified by a semipreparative HPLC, and identified with 1H NMR and MS. The highest and lowest resveratrol contents in the peanut roots of 2000 fall and 2001 spring crops were 1.330 and 0.130 mg/g and 0.063 and 0.015 mg/g, respectively. When the dehydrated peanut root powders of spring and fall crops were combined and cooked with pork-fat patties (1%, w/w) and the separated oils were stored at 60 degrees C for conjugated diene hydroperoxide (CDHP) determination, CDHP contents of the control oils increased after 3 days of storage, whereas the contents in the peanut root-treated oils of spring and fall crops did not increase after 9 and 15 days of storage, respectively. It is of merit to find that peanut roots, usually left in the field as agricultural waste, contain resveratrol and bear potent antioxidative activity. 相似文献
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籽仁蔗糖含量是影响花生食味品质的重要因素。为了建立花生籽仁中蔗糖含量的高效检测技术,本研究采集了149份花生籽仁的近红外光谱,结合化学法测定籽仁蔗糖含量,采用偏最小二乘法 (PLS) 构建花生籽仁蔗糖含量近红外预测群体模型。结果显示,预测模型的决定系数(R2)为0.898,校正标准偏差(SEC)为0.253,20份外部验证材料的预测值和化学值的R2为0.873,预测模型具有较高的可信度,运用该模型筛选徐花17号诱变群体,从1 965份M2单株籽仁中获得4份的突变体。本研究为优质食味花生种质资源的筛选和品种选育奠定了基础。 相似文献
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A new spermidine triamide derivative has been isolated from peanut flowers and identified as N (1)-acetyl- N (5), N (10)-di- p-( EE)-coumaroylspermidine on the basis of detailed analysis of NMR, MS, and UV data. Two other spermidine conjugates, N (1), N (5), N (10)-tri- p-( EEE)-coumaroylspermidine and di- p-( EE)-coumaroylspermidine, as well as four flavonoid conjugates (quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin-3-glucuronide, isorhamnetin-3-glucoside, and isorhamnetin-3-glucuronide) that have been previously reported in organs of other plants, have been found in this study in peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.), a representative of the Leguminosae family, for the first time. The dynamics of photoisomerization in the spermidine conjugates have been investigated. 相似文献
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Peanut (Arachis hypogaea, Leguminosae) allergy is a major cause of food-induced anaphylaxis. The potential use of activated charcoal (AC) to adsorb and reduce the bioavailability of peanut protein allergens for use in the moderation of hypersensitivity reactions was investigated. The rate and extent of protein release from peanut and the adsorption of the solubilized protein by AC was determined under physiological pH values and confirmed in vivo using a porcine animal model system. Peanut proteins were adsorbed with equal efficiency at pH 2 and 7 and are completely removed from solution by an AC/protein ratio of approximately 80:1. This suggests that AC can bind protein under gastric (pH 2) or intestinal (pH 7) conditions. The rapid adsorption of soluble peanut allergens and the continuous binding of allergens released from peanut particulate material suggest the potential efficacy of using AC for gastric decontamination and possible elimination of a biphasic allergic reaction. 相似文献
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Sobolev VS Khan SI Tabanca N Wedge DE Manly SP Cutler SJ Coy MR Becnel JJ Neff SA Gloer JB 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(5):1673-1682
The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.), when infected by a microbial pathogen, is capable of producing stilbene-derived compounds that are considered antifungal phytoalexins. In addition, the potential health benefits of other stilbenoids from peanuts, including resveratrol and pterostilbene, have been acknowledged by several investigators. Despite considerable progress in peanut research, relatively little is known about the biological activity of the stilbenoid phytoalexins. This study investigated the activities of some of these compounds in a broad spectrum of biological assays. Since peanut stilbenoids appear to play roles in plant defense mechanisms, they were evaluated for their effects on economically important plant pathogenic fungi of the genera Colletotrichum, Botrytis, Fusarium, and Phomopsis. We further investigated these peanut phytoalexins, together with some related natural and synthetic stilbenoids (a total of 24 compounds) in a panel of bioassays to determine their anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic, and antioxidant activities in mammalian cells. Several of these compounds were also evaluated as mammalian opioid receptor competitive antagonists. Assays for adult mosquito and larvae toxicity were also performed. The results of these studies reveal that peanut stilbenoids, as well as related natural and synthetic stilbene derivatives, display a diverse range of biological activities. 相似文献
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Casini C Dardanelli JL Martínez MJ Balzarini M Borgogno CS Nassetta M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2003,51(21):6309-6313
The ratio of oleic to linoleic acids (O/L) and the tocopherol content are important features in determining peanut (Arachis hypogaea) seed shelf life. Soluble carbohydrates are known to be important precursors in roasted peanut flavor. The chemical qualities of Argentine grain are different from those of other countries, but no previous studies that associate grain quality and environmental parameters have been performed. Relationships were determined between O/L, tocopherol and sugar contents, and variations in temperature and rainfall during the grain filling period of Florman INTA peanuts. Dry seed yield was used as another explanatory variable. Multiple regression procedure gave mean temperature (positive coefficient) and total precipitation (negative coefficient) as the explanatory variables for variations in O/L. Total precipitation and dry seed yield (both negative coefficients) were found to be predictor variables for tocopherol and sugar contents. Total precipitation was an explanatory variable included in all of the linear regression models obtained in this study. 相似文献
20.
Iron (Fe) deficiency has been a widespread problem in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) grown on calcareous soils of northern China and has resulted in significant yield losses. Field observations showed considerable variability in visual chlorosis symptoms among peanut cultivars in the same soil. The objective of this study was to confirm the genetic differences in resistance to Fe-deficiency chlorosis in peanut and to identify feasible indicators for screening Fe-efficient genotypes. Resistance to Fe chlorosis of sixteen peanut cultivars grown on calcareous soil was evaluated in the field and physiological responses to Fe-deficiency stress were studied in nutrient solution. There were significant differences in resistance to Fe-deficiency chlorosis among the sixteen peanut cultivars tested, which was identified with SPAD readings, active Fe concentrations in young leaves in the early growth stages, and the pod yield. For Fe-resistant peanut cultivars, Fe-reduction capacity and quality of releasing hydrogen ions from roots increased under Fe-deficiency stress. Highly correlated relationships were observed between the summation of root Fe reduction and field chlorosis scores for sixteen cultivars (r2 = 0.79). It was concluded that Fe-reduction capacity was a better physiological indicator for screening Fe-efficient peanut genotypes of the mechanisms measured. 相似文献