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1.
Florian Chain Gérard Riault Maxime Trottet Emmanuel Jacquot 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(1):35-43
Serial passage experiments (SPE) of a Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) isolate were performed on Zhong ZH and TC14 wheat lines to evaluate the durability of their resistance to BYDV. At different passage numbers (from the 2nd to the 114th), biological properties of the produced isolates were recorded either by monitoring infection percentages and virus titers of the first 3 weeks of viral infection or by measuring their impact on yield components. Statistical analyses using the area under pathogen progress curves and the area under concentration progress curves demonstrated that these two resistant lines induce, after only a few passages, a selection of variant(s) with significantly modified infection abilities. Isolates resulting from SPE performed on these lines induced important decreases of yield components. These results indicate that the use of Zhong ZH and TC14 lines in BYDV-resistant breeding programmes should be approached with caution. 相似文献
2.
兼抗麦长管蚜和大麦黄矮病毒的小麦种质田间鉴定筛选 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为鉴定筛选兼抗麦长管蚜和大麦黄矮病毒(Barley yellow dwarf virus, BYDV)的小麦种质,采用自然感蚜/感病系数法,对36个外引和远缘杂交选育的小麦种质材料进行了2年的田间鉴定,并分析了感虫性与感病性的相关关系。结果表明,2年中均兼抗麦长管蚜和BYDV的种质仅有KOKIPPCAS、KOK、Amigo-3和PI137739共4个材料,占总鉴定材料的11.11%;对二者均敏感的有98-10-35q-9、186Tm39、Tam200e12-14a、Tam200(27)7、小偃22、西农1376和小偃6号共7个材料,占19.44%。其它材料仅抗虫或仅抗病,或仅在一年中表现抗病或抗虫,如材料98-10-30和98-10-35a8抗麦长管蚜,但对BYDV敏感;材料Tam200(13)G和PIG23(2)C感蚜,但对BYDV有抑制作用。BYDV发生普遍率(发病株率)和严重度(病情指数)与有蚜株率显著相关,严重度还与感蚜指数显著相关,但感病植株的病级均值与有蚜株率无显著相关性。表明自然界长期的进化和选择使许多抗病虫基因得以保存下来,但较多抗性基因只在抗病或抗虫的某一方面表现有效,需给予更多关注。 相似文献
3.
Tika B. Adhikari Boovaraghan Balaji Jill Breeden Stephen B. Goodwin 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,71(1-3):55-68
Large-scale cDNA-AFLP profiling identified numerous genes with increased expression during the resistance response of wheat to the Septoria tritici blotch fungus, Mycosphaerella graminicola. To test whether these genes were associated with resistance responses, primers were designed for the 14 that were most strongly up-regulated, and their levels of expression were measured at 12 time points from 0 to 27 days after inoculation (DAI) in two resistant and two susceptible cultivars of wheat by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. None of these genes was expressed constitutively in the resistant wheat cultivars. Instead, infection of wheat by M. graminicola induced changes in expression of each gene in both resistant and susceptible cultivars over time. The four genes chitinase, phenylalanine ammonia lyase, pathogenesis-related protein PR-1, and peroxidase were induced from about 10- to 60-fold at early stages (3 h–1 DAI) during the incompatible interactions but were not expressed at later time points. Nine other genes (ATPase, brassinosteroid-6-oxidase, peptidylprolyl isomerase, peroxidase 2, 40S ribosomal protein, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, putative protease inhibitor, methionine sulfoxide reductase, and an RNase S-like protein precursor) had bimodal patterns with both early (1–3 DAI) and late (12–24 DAI) peaks of expression in at least one of the resistant cultivars, but low if any induction in the two susceptible cultivars. The remaining gene (a serine carboxypeptidase) had a trimodal pattern of expression in the resistant cultivar Tadinia. These results indicate that the resistance response of wheat to M. graminicola is not completed during the first 24 h after contact with the pathogen, as thought previously, but instead can extend into the period from 18 to 24 DAI when fungal growth increases dramatically in compatible interactions. Many of these genes have a possible function in signal transduction or possibly as regulatory elements. Expression of the PR-1 gene at 12 h after inoculation was much higher in resistant compared to susceptible recombinant-inbred lines (RILs) segregating for the Stb4 and Stb8 genes for resistance. Therefore, analysis of gene expression could provide a faster method for separating resistant from susceptible lines in research programs. Significant differential expression patterns of the defense-related genes between the resistant and susceptible wheat cultivars and RILs after inoculation with M. graminicola suggest that these genes may play a major role in the resistance mechanisms of wheat. 相似文献
4.
The genomic fragments of two open reading frames (ORFs) 1 and 2 of German and Canadian PAV isolates of Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV) were sequenced. Sequences only slightly differed from previously published sequences of this virus. Two polyclonal antisera against proteins encoded by ORFs 1 and 2 of a German ASL-1 isolate were developed using recombinant antigens expressed in E. coli as a fusion either to His6− or thioredoxin-tags. In Western blot analysis with total protein extracts from BYDV infected plants, antisera efficiently recognized the 99 kDa fusion protein expressed from ORF1 and ORF2 (P1–P2 protein). Later in infection the P1–P2 protein disappeared and two smaller proteins, revealing sizes of 39 and 60 kDa, could be detected. 相似文献
5.
Interactions between Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) and Fusarium species causing Fusarium head blight (FHB) in winter wheat cvs Agent (susceptible to FHB) and Petrus (moderately resistant
to FHB) were studied over three years (2001–2003) in outdoor pot experiments. FHB developed more rapidly in cv. Agent than
in cv. Petrus. The spread of FHB was greater in BYDV-infected plants than in BYDV-free plants. Thousand grain weight (TGW)
was reduced more in Fusarium-infected heads of cv. Agent than in cv. Petrus. A highly significant negative correlation was found between disease index
and TGW in cv. Agent (r = −0.916), while in cv. Petrus the correlation was less significant (r = −0.765). Virus infection reduced TGW in cv. Petrus more than in cv. Agent. In plants with both infections, TGW reductions
in cv. Petrus corresponded to those of BYDV infection, and in cv. Agent TGW was more diminished than in BYDV infection. Effects
of different treatments determined over three years on ergosterol contents in grain were generally similar to effects on disease
indices. Grain weight per ear and ear weight of the different treatments of both cultivars largely corresponded with the TGW
results. Deoxynivalenol (DON) content in grain of cv. Agent infected with Fusarium spp. was 11–25 times higher compared to the corresponding treatments in cv. Petrus. The DON content in grain of plants of
the two cultivars infected with both pathogens was higher than that of plants infected only with Fusarium over the three years. 相似文献
6.
M. N. Ndjiondjop C. Brugidou S. Zang D. Fargette A. Ghesquiere C. Fauquet 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2001,59(6):309
Rice yellow mottle virus (RYMV) accumulation in protoplasts and whole plants was investigated in two highly resistant cultivars, Tog5681 (Oryza glaberrima) and Gigante (Oryza sativa). Three susceptible cultivars, i.e. one O. glaberrima Tog5673 and two O. sativa (IR64, Ac. 2428), and a partially resistant cultivar (Azucena) were used as control. After inoculation, accumulation of coat protein (CP) and viral RNA were monitored on protoplasts, inoculated leaves, sheaths of inoculated leaves and newly infected leaves by serological and Northern blot analysis. Viral RNA accumulated to a similar extent in protoplasts from all cultivars studied. In contrast, three distinct in planta behaviors were noted. In susceptible plants (IR64, Tog5673 and Ac. 2428), there was high CP and RNA accumulation at 5 d.p.i. in whole plants, suggesting that cell to cell and vascular movements occurred before 5 d.p.i. in inoculated leaves. The second behavior concerned Azucena, which showed a delay (around 7 d.p.i.) of viral accumulation in inoculated leaves. The third behavior involved the highly resistant cultivars Tog5681 and Gigante. CP and viral RNA were not detected in these cultivars. The comparison of viral accumulation in protoplasts and plants suggested that resistance of the highly resistant cultivars Tog5681 (O. glaberrima) and Gigante (O. sativa) was not due to the inhibition of virus replication but rather to the failure of cell to cell movement. 相似文献
7.
Barley yellow dwarf disease is one of the most important problems confronting cereal production in Iran. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) are the predominant viruses associated with the disease. One isolate of BYDV-PAV from wheat (PAV-IR) and one
isolate of CYDV-RPV from barley (RPV-IR) were selected for molecular characterisations. A genome segment of each isolate was
amplified by PCR. The PAV-IR fragment (1264 nt) covered a region containing partial genes for coat protein (CP), read through
protein (RTP) and movement protein (MP). PAV-IR showed a high sequence identity to PAV isolates from USA, France and Japan
(96–97%). In a phylogenetic analysis it was placed into PAV group I together with PAV isolates from barley and oats. The fragment
of RPV-IR (719 nt) contained partial genes for CP, RTP and MP. The sequence information confirmed its identity as CYDV. However,
RPV-IR showed 90–91% identity with both RPV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPS (CYDV-RPS). Phylogenetic analyses suggested that it was more closely related to RPS. These data comprise the first attempt
to characterise BYD-causing viruses in Iran and southwest Asia.
The nucleotide sequence data reported appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession
numbers AY450425 and AY450454 相似文献
8.
用 ELISA 法鉴定了小麦近缘种赖草属(Leymus)、披碱草属(Elymus)、鹅冠草属(Roegneria)3个属的21个种,其中17个种抗 BYDV。21145份小麦品种中筛选到症状轻、病毒含量高的耐病品种忻县冬麦、江西早等29份。3604份大麦品种中筛选到症状轻、病毒含量低的抗病品种C13208、小麦近缘种(Agropyronintemedium)和普通小麦杂交的异源八倍体中4无芒,中5,远中7,陇远45、46,远中1001,忻4079以及附加系 L1。现已获得抗 BYDV 的以中4无芒、L1为亲本的杂交后代。 相似文献
9.
Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) transmission test systems involve the use of clip-cages or of whole plants in cages, which
are both labor-intensive methods and require large controlled environment units. Employing detached leaves for assessment
of the inoculation efficiency of aphids proved reliable for assessing transmission of a BYDV PAV-like isolate byRhopalosiphum padi. One use of the system could be for the rapid determination of the infectivity of field-collected aphids, an essential part
of any epidemiological study of BYDV.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Aug. 14, 2002. 相似文献
10.
Carlotta Balconi Chiara Lanzanova Elena Conti Tiziana Triulzi Fabio Forlani Marzia Cattaneo Elisabetta Lupotto 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,117(2):129-140
The maize gene b-32, normally expressed in the maize (Zea mays) endosperm, encodes for a RIP (Ribosome Inactivating Protein) characterised by antifungal activity. Transgenic wheat plants
were obtained via biolistic transformation, in which the b-32 gene is driven by the 35SCaMV promoter in association with the bar gene as a selectable marker. Plants were brought to homozygosity through genetic analysis of progeny and pathogenicity tests
were performed on the fourth generation. Six homozygous b-32 wheat lines were characterised. All plants had a normal phenotype,
not distinguishable from the control cv. Veery except for slightly smaller size, flowered and set seeds. Western blot analyses
confirmed b-32 expression during the plant life cycle in the various tissues. Each line differed in the b-32 content in leaf
protein extracts and the transgenic protein expression level was maintained at least up to 10 days after anthesis. Pathogenicity
tests for Fusarium head blight (FHB) were performed on the b-32 transgenic wheat lines in comparison to the parental cv. Veery.
Resistance to FHB was evaluated by the single floret injection inoculation method on immature spikes with spores of Fusarium culmorum. In all the transgenic lines, a similar reduction in FHB symptoms, not dependent on the level of b-32 protein, has been observed
(20% and 30% relative to the control, respectively 7 and 14 days after inoculation). Percentage of tombstone kernels at maturity
was also recorded; in all transgenic lines disease control for this parameter was around 25%. The data obtained indicate that
maize b-32 was effective as in vivo antifungal protein reducing FHB symptoms in wheat lines expressing the maize RIP protein. 相似文献
11.
为拓展和获取对荻草谷网蚜Sitobion miscanthi表现稳定的小麦抗源,以我国146个小麦品种（系）为材料,利用2020年麦田蚜虫发生严重的机会,采用有蚜株蚜害级别计算抗蚜指数,采用耐蚜值（调查株蚜害级别/千粒重损失率）计算耐蚜指数,以此评估小麦的抗蚜性水平和耐蚜性水平;2022年利用人工辅助接蚜的方法对2020年表现稳定的部分小麦品种（系）的评估结果进行验证。结果显示,在自然感蚜条件下2个试验点6次调查中仅山农116、泉麦31和濮麦116表现稳定的抗蚜性,在人工接蚜时仅郑麦132表现稳定的抗蚜性;中育1220、泰禾麦2号和瑞华1408在自然感蚜时蚜量较低,千粒重损失率低于5.00%,人工接蚜亦表现良好的耐蚜性,表明其兼具耐蚜性和一定的抗蚜性;泰麦601、瑞华592、轮选166和中农麦4007在自然感蚜的高蚜量情况下和人工辅助接蚜时均能保持较低的千粒重损失率（小于15.00%）,表明成株期小麦的抗蚜性减弱是一种普遍现象,耐蚜性是比抗蚜性更稳定的遗传特征。 相似文献
12.
玉米抵御玉蜀黍尾孢菌侵入的生理机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为深入探讨玉米抗灰斑病的机制,以抗/感玉米灰斑病自交系78599-1、OH43Ht N和掖478、K12为材料,采用比色皿法和RT-PCR法相结合研究了接种玉蜀黍尾孢菌毒素后玉米叶片中防御酶活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量及防御酶合成相关基因SOD、CAT、APX和GR的表达量。结果显示,接种该病菌毒素后,抗、感材料叶片中防御酶活性均升高,多数在接种7 d时达到峰值,且抗病材料防御酶活性峰值高于感病材料;供试材料叶片中MDA含量均降低,且抗病材料低于感病材料;供试材料叶片中SOD、CAT和GR的表达量均上升,其中CAT的表达量在78599-1、掖478和K12接种5d时达到峰值,灰度值分别为228.67、161.33和178.00,与其酶活性变化趋势一致;SOD和GR的变化规律与其酶活性变化不一致;APX的表达量仅在OH43Ht N中上升,接种7 d后达到峰值。表明抗病材料调控防御酶活性的能力强,防御酶基因的表达与其酶活性变化存在关联性。 相似文献
13.
为明确IDD家族IDD4基因在拟南芥Arabidopsis thaliana抵抗灰葡萄孢菌Botrytis cinerea侵染过程中的作用,通过统计病情指数检测拟南芥野生型（wild type,WT）植株、过表达植株IDD4-OE和缺失突变体idd4植株感染灰葡萄孢菌情况,利用组织染色检测叶片细胞死亡和H2O2的积累情况,采用实时荧光定量PCR（real-time quantitative-PT-PCR,qRT-PCR）技术分析灰葡萄孢菌肌动蛋白基因Bc. ACTIN在3种植株叶片中的表达情况,并施加0.1 mmol/L外源水杨酸（salicylic acid,SA）后测定IDD4-OE植株的病情指数。结果显示,不同株系对灰葡萄孢菌的抗性由高到低依次为idd4＞WT＞IDD4-OE,IDD4-OE植株中病原菌感染部位的寄主细胞死亡程度比idd4植株严重。染色结果表明,病原菌侵染拟南芥后4 h,接种部位已有H2O2积累。qRT-PCR反应结果显示,Bc. ACTIN在IDD4-OE中比在idd4植株中的表达水平更高,表明灰葡萄孢菌在IDD4-OE植株中的繁殖速率更快。对IDD4-OE植株外源施加SA后,其病情指数、Bc. ACTIN表达量与WT植株间均无显著差异,说明SA能将感病植株的抗性提高至WT植株的水平,表明IDD4作为负调控因子参与了拟南芥对灰葡萄孢菌的抗性调控,SA在其中发挥着重要作用。 相似文献
14.
S. Šliková V. Šudyová P. Martinek I. Polišenská E. Gregová D. Mihálik 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(1):163-170
Determination of the Fusarium protein equivalent (FPE) levels in kernels for better characterisation of genotypes showing Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance, and better detection of susceptibility to kernel infection among genotypes with slight symptom
expression was carried out. Twelve wheat cultivars and eight hexaploid winter wheat lines derived from a cross of Triticum aestivum with related species T. macha, T. polonicum, and T. dicoccoides were evaluated for levels of spike and kernel infection, the content of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and FPE in kernels
after artificial inoculation with the fungus Fusarium culmorum in the field in 2006–2007. The ELISA immunochemical method was employed for the quantitative analyses of DON and FPE. Three
wheat lines had a significantly low infection of spikes and kernels compared to cvs Sumai 3 and Nobeoka Bozu, indicating the
presence of specific resistance mechanisms to FHB. The significantly low AUDPC (area under the disease progress curve) and the high level of FPE and DON content in kernels
indicated a lack of resistance in one wheat line (crossed with T. polonicum). The results showed highly significant correlations (P < 0.01) between FPE and DON content and between FPE and AUDPC. In addition, correlations between FPE and reductions in yield
components were also highly significant. Quantification of Fusarium spp. in wheat kernels can be helpful for evaluating wheat genotypes for their levels of resistance to FHB. 相似文献
15.
Pathogen development and host responses in wheat spikes of resistant and susceptible cultivars infected by Fusarium culmorum causing Fusarium head blight (FHB), were investigated by means of electron microscopy as well as immunogold labelling techniques. The studies revealed similarities in the infection process and the initial spreading of the pathogen in wheat spikes between resistant and susceptible cultivars. However, the pathogen’s development was obviously more slow in the resistant cultivars as in comparison to a susceptible one. The structural defence reactions such as the formation of thick layered appositions and large papillae were essentially more pronounced in the infected host tissues of the resistant cultivars, than in the susceptible one. β -1,3-glucan was detected in the appositions and papillae. Furthermore, immunogold labelling of lignin demonstrated that there were no differences in the lignin contents of the wheat spikes between susceptible and resistant cultivars regarding the uninoculated healthy tissue, but densities of lignin in host cell walls of the infected wheat spikes differed distinctly between resistant and susceptible cultivars. The lignin content in the cell walls of the infected tissues of the susceptible wheat cultivar increased slightly, while the lignin accumulated intensely in the host cell walls of the infected wheat spikes of the resistant cultivars. These findings indicate that lignin accumulation in the infected wheat spikes may play an important role in resistance to the spreading of the pathogen in the host tissues. Immunogold labelling of the Fusarium toxin DON in the infected lemma showed the same labelling patterns in the host tissues of resistant and susceptible cultivars. However, there were distinct differences in the toxin concentration between the tissues of the susceptible and resistant cultivars. At the early stage of infection, the labelling densities for DON in resistant cultivars were significantly lower than those in the susceptible one. The present study indicates that the FHB resistant cultivars are able to develop active defence reactions during infection and spreading of the pathogen in the host tissues. The lower accumulation of the toxin DON in the tissues of the infected spikes of resistant cultivars which results from the host’s defence mechanisms may allow more intensive defence responses to the pathogen by the host. 相似文献
16.
多堆柄锈菌侵染玉米的细胞学及超微结构特征 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
为明确玉米对多堆柄锈菌Puccinia polysora侵染后病理反应的细胞学特征,利用扫描和透射电镜技术分析了玉米自交系与多堆柄锈菌互作中二者的细胞变化过程。多堆柄锈菌对玉米的侵染主要以直接穿透叶片表皮侵入为主,少量可从气孔和细胞间隙侵入。接种后,病菌夏孢子在感病自交系叶片上快速并大量萌发,在叶表生长蔓延并侵入表皮组织细胞,7 d后形成夏孢子堆;在抗病自交系上,病菌萌发、菌丝生长均受到明显抑制,少量入侵的病菌也由于寄主细胞死亡而导致菌丝和夏孢子干瘪死亡。侵染早期在感病寄主细胞间隙出现菌丝并穿透细胞壁,在胞内产生分枝菌丝,此时寄主细胞结构正常;随着菌丝进一步扩展,叶绿体等结构发生紊乱,被侵染细胞逐渐死亡。在抗病自交系上,接菌24 h后寄主即出现过敏性坏死反应,侵入位点与周围细胞快速坏死,抑制菌丝生长蔓延;叶绿体中清晰可见深色颗粒状物质;72 h后细胞壁外侧产生大量致密的深色结晶体,应为与抗病反应相关的酚类物质。表明抗多堆柄锈菌的玉米材料可能存在2种抗病途径,即寄主与病菌互作中由分子识别引起的免疫反应和病菌侵入后的系统防卫反应。 相似文献
17.
Gerald Ravelo Uiko Kagaya Tsuyoshi Inukai Masanao Sato Ichiro Uyeda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(1):59-65
Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) elicits lethal tip necrosis in the pea line PI 118501. Pea line PI 118501 develops necrotic lesions and veinal necrosis
on inoculated leaves, followed by systemic necrosis, leading to plant death. To understand the genetic basis of this lethal
tip necrosis, we crossed lines PI 226564 and PI 250438, which develop mosaic symptoms in response to ClYVV inoculation. In
reciprocal crosses of PI 118501 with PI 226564, all F1 plants had mosaic symptoms with slight stem necrosis and early yellowing of upper leaves. Essentially the same symptom was
manifested in PI 118501 × PI 250438 F1 plants. In F2 populations from the cross between PI 118501 and PI 226564, the observed ratios of necrosis, mosaic with slight stem necrosis,
and mosaic fit the expected 1 : 2 : 1 ratio. These results indicate that a single incompletely dominant gene confers the induction
of necrosis in PI 118501. This locus in pea, conferring necrosis induction to ClYVV infection, was designated Cyn1 (Clover yellow vein virus-induced necrosis). A linkage analysis using 100 recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross of PI 118501 and PI 226564
demonstrated that Cyn1 was located 7.5 cM from the SSR marker AD174 on linkage group III. 相似文献
18.
为明确广谱性抗病毒基因—酵母pac1基因对葡萄B病毒(Grapevine virus B,GVB)的抗性效果,通过农杆菌介导的遗传转化,将pac1基因导入西方烟37B,对转基因植株进行PCR鉴定及Southern blot分析,通过病毒摩擦接种观察症状以及实时荧光定量RT-PCR检测植株体内病毒含量,并对转基因植株抗病性进行初步鉴定。结果表明,目的基因pac1成功导入并整合至西方烟37B基因组,共获得10个转基因株系。不同株系的T1代烟草中阳性植株比例为16.7%~72.7%,表明目的基因可成功遗传到子代。接种病毒后转基因植株普遍延迟发病,但后期症状与非转基因对照相似,其中仅1个转基因株系B6具有不表现典型症状等抗性反应。接种植株病毒含量检测中,所有转基因植株均检测到病毒存在,但表现为抗病的B6株系中病毒含量显著低于非转基因对照,表明该转基因植株虽不能完全抵抗GVB侵染,但对GVB具有耐病性。 相似文献
19.
Fabio C. Chaves Thomas J. Gianfagna 《Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology》2007,70(4-6):174-179
Flavan-3-ol monomers and oligomers from dimers to decamers were quantitatively determined by HPLC-FLD in leaves of four Theobroma cacao varieties. Cacao flush leaves had higher procyanidin content than mature leaves. Moniliophthora perniciosa basidiospore infection results in an increase in cacao leaf procyanidins in the inoculated leaves, as well as in the uninoculated, adjacent, older leaves on an actively growing branch, resulting in both a local and systemic increase in procyanidin content in response to infection. Procyanidin oligomers increased significantly in leaves of the less susceptible genotype Scavina 6 upon infection, and total procyanidin levels were higher than in Cacao Comum a more disease susceptible genotype. Selection of genotypes with high constitutive and/or inducible content of procyanidins in young flush leaves may be a strategy to develop witches’ broom disease resistant cultivars. 相似文献
20.
Borbála D. Harrach József Fodor Miklós Pogány Jutta Preuss Balázs Barna 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(1):21-33
Leaves of powdery mildew-susceptible barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Ingrid) and related near-isogenic lines bearing various resistance genes (Mla12, Mlg or mlo5) were inoculated with Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei race A6. Fungal attack induced several-fold increases in ethylene emission and electrolyte leakage in leaves of susceptible
Ingrid beginning 3 days after inoculation. Activities of peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase enzymes were induced markedly in susceptible leaves 5–7 days
after inoculation. Similar, but less pronounced pathogen-induced changes were detected in inoculated leaves of Mla-type resistant
plants that show hypersensitive cell death upon inoculation, and, to an even lesser extent, in the Mlg and mlo lines, where
no visible symptoms accompanied the incompatible interaction. Glutathione content increased only in susceptible barley 7 days
after inoculation. Catalase activity, total ascorbate content and redox state were not influenced by inoculation in any of
the genotypes. The activity of dehydroascorbate reductase was significantly reduced 3–5 days after inoculation in the susceptible
parental plants and after 5 days in Mla and Mlg lines, while it was stable in the mlo barley. Slightly elevated levels of
H2O2 were observed in the inoculated resistant plants. In contrast, H2O2 content decreased in the susceptible line 7 days after pathogen attack. These data indicate that high levels of antioxidants
are involved in the compatible interaction of susceptible barley and powdery mildew by protecting the pathogen from oxidative
damage. 相似文献