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草木樨干草营养价值及饲喂绒山羊的效果研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
草木樨(Melilots ssuaveolens)是我国栽培面积仅次于苜蓿(Medicago)和沙打旺(Astragalus huangheensis)的豆科牧草,国内外对其耐盐碱性和抗性生理方面的研究较多,但对其饲用价值的研究报道较少.为此,通过对草木樨的营养成分、绒山羊采食量及瘤胃降解率等试验,对其饲用价值进行综合分析.结果表明:草木樨的饲料相对值(RFV)为108.10,属于品质优良的饲草,但草木樨的适口性较差,只能满足绒山羊维持需要量的77.77％;在绒山羊瘤胃内的有效降解率为43.27％,不适合作为单一日粮饲喂家畜,建议和其他饲料相搭配饲喂. 相似文献
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益生素对梅花鹿仔鹿和羔羊日粮营养物质消化率的影响 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
4只5月龄梅花鹿仔鹿和3只7月龄安装永久瘤胃瘿管的小尾寒羊,先后饲喂基础日粮(定量颗粒饲料和自由采食玉米秸秆;对照组)和基础日粮添加4 g益生素(BioLac;试验组),观察添加益生素不同动物干物质采食量,日粮营养物质的消化率和秸秆在小尾寒羊瘤胃中的降解情况。结果表明,添加益生素可显著提高仔鹿和羔羊干物质的采食量,仔鹿干物质采食量由未添加益生素的441.4 g/d提高到506.0 g/d;羔羊的干物质采食量由未添加益生素的598.8 g/d提高到719.6 g/d。但试验组干物质、有机物、粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维的消化率(仔鹿分别为:49.3％、52.1％、57.4％和49.3％;羊分别为:53.6％、56.7％、47.9％和53.0％)显著低于对照组(仔鹿分别为:56.4％、58.7％、65.0％和56.4％;羊分别为:61.0％、64.0％、58.8％和61.0％)。结果仔鹿可消化干物质的采食量在对照组(248.9 g/d)和试验组(249.1 g/d)间无显著差异,试验组羔羊可消化干物质采食量(384.9 g/d)略高于对照组(365.7 g/d)。瘤胃降解试验结果表明,秸秆干物质,有机物质和中性洗涤纤维2-48 h,在饲喂益生素的羔羊瘤胃内的降解率均略高于未添加益生素的羔羊瘤胃内的降解率,粗蛋白在饲喂试验日粮的羔羊瘤胃内的降解率在2 h时高于在饲喂对照日粮的羔羊瘤胃内的降解率,其他时间低于在饲? 相似文献
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大豆秸秆作为粗饲料的营养价值评定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
试验旨在测定大豆秸秆作为饲料的营养价值,以及氨化和微生物处理对豆秸营养价值的影响。试验采用化学分析和动物试验方法,测定豆秸与氨化、微生物处理豆秸的养分含量、动物采食量、干物质瘤胃降解率和日粮养分消化率。结果表明:豆秸饲料质地坚硬,酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)含量比玉米秸秆高66.74%,绵羊对豆秸的采食量比玉米秸秆低20.06%(P0.05),豆秸干物质(DM)绵羊瘤胃有效降解率比玉米秸秆低43.26%(P0.05)。豆秸经过微生物处理后,仅采食量得到一定程度提高(P0.05)。豆秸经过氨化后,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和ADL含量分别降低6.75%和21.48%,采食量和干物质瘤胃有效降解率分别提高22.7%和32.09%(P0.05),但仍显著低于玉米秸秆(P0.05)。豆秸直接作为饲料,营养价值较低,经过氨化处理后其营养价值得到一定程度提高。 相似文献
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《中国草食动物科学》2017,(4)
试验旨在研究酒糟与肉羊常用粗饲料(玉米秸秆和高粱秸秆)的营养价值及瘤胃降解特性。选择3只安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的杜×寒杂交F1阉割公羊,采用尼龙袋法测定3种粗饲料的粗蛋白(CP)、干物质(DM)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解参数,并对其常规养分及能量价值进行分析。结果表明:酒糟的CP含量和肉羊饲用价值均高于玉米秸秆和高粱秸秆,而NDF含量低于这两种粗饲料;酒糟的CP瘤胃有效降解率显著高于此两种秸秆类粗饲料(P0.05),而DM、ADF和NDF的瘤胃有效降解率均显著低于这两种粗饲料(P0.05)。综合比较,酒糟的CP含量、肉羊饲用的能量价值和CP瘤胃降解率均较高,是补充CP的优质粗饲料。 相似文献
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玉米秸秆是反刍家畜主要粗饲料来源之一,其营养降解特性不仅受玉米品种及成熟时期的影响,而且与玉米秸秆形态部位组成相关。本试验通过分析不同类型玉米品种秸秆不同形态部位在2个成熟期干物质（DM）及粗蛋白（CP）的瘤胃降解特性,为玉米秸秆在反刍家畜中的利用提供数据支持。试验选用科湘玉11号（常规玉米）、高油115（高油玉米）、科湘糯玉1号（糯玉米）、沪青1号（饲用玉米）和科湘甜玉1号（甜玉米）5个品种玉米,分别在抽穗后的第17天（乳熟期）和第31天（蜡熟期）采集其叶片、叶鞘、茎秆及苞叶4个形态部位的样品,利用瘤胃尼龙袋技术分析所有样品的DM及CP的瘤胃降解动力学参数变化规律,结果表明：蜡熟期叶片、叶鞘、茎秆部位DM,以及叶片和苞叶部位CP的快速降解部分（a值）显著（P<0.001）高于乳熟期,但其叶片、叶鞘和茎秆部位DM,叶片、叶鞘和苞叶部位粗蛋白的慢速降解部分（b值）,以及苞叶干物质有效降解率（ED）极显著（P<0.001）低于乳熟期。新培育品种玉米不同形态部位干物质及粗蛋白的a、b及ED值与普通品种玉米相近或更高。不同形态部位间DM及CP降解动力学参数也存在显著差异,ED值都按... 相似文献
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苜蓿干草粒度对山羊采食行为、瘤胃pH和瘤胃内养分降解动力学的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究苜蓿干草粒度对山羊采食行为、瘤胃pH和瘤胃内养分降解动力学的影响.以4只体重为(40.0±2.2)kg安装瘤胃瘘管的成年山羊为试验动物,采用4×4拉丁方设计,饲喂4种不同苜蓿干草粒度的饲粮.结果表明,增加苜蓿干草粒度,改变了饲粮的颗粒分布,提高了饲粮的物理有效纤维含量,提高了瘤胃平均pH,并使pH低于6.0和5.6的持续时间分别降低了13.8和3.2 h/d,但降低了干物质采食量.随着苜蓿干草粒度的增加,苜蓿干草中性洗涤纤维在瘤胃内的有效降解率由22.61%线性增加至27.74%.饲喂过短的苜蓿干草,趋向于提高精料干物质在瘤胃内的降解速率和有效降解率(P<0.10).结果表明,增加苜蓿干草粒度,能够改善瘤胃pH,缓解亚瘤胃酸中毒,提高纤维有效利用率,但过大会降低干物质采食量. 相似文献
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Rassnick KM Gieger TL Williams LE Ruslander DM Northrup NC Kristal O Myers NC Moore AS 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2001,15(3):196-199
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks. 相似文献
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Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Johansson AM Gardner SY Levine JF Papich MG LaFevers DH Fuquay LR Reagan VH Atkins CE 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2003,17(6):887-895
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses. 相似文献
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Waruiru RM Thamsborg SM Nansen P Kyvsgaard NC Bogh HO Munyua WK Gathuma JM 《Tropical animal health and production》2001,33(3):173-187
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round. 相似文献
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The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host. 相似文献
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Evaluation of biohydrogenation rate of canola vs. soya bean seeds as unsaturated fatty acids sources for ruminants in situ 
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下载免费PDF全文 S. Pashaei T. Ghoorchi A. Yamchi 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2016,100(2):211-216
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed. 相似文献
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Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb
albumin
- ALT
alanine aminotransferase
- AST
aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN
blood urea nitrogen
- Chol
cholesterol
- Glob
globulin
- -GT
-glutamyl transpeptidase
- IP
inorganic phosphorus
- TP
total protein 相似文献
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A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance
in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological
status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples
of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected
for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of
the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered,
coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the
gland cisterns and teat cisterns.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone. 相似文献
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Acute phase proteins in dogs naturally infected with the Giant Kidney Worm (Dioctophyme renale) 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth M. S. Schmidt Mads Kjelgaard‐Hansen Funmilola Thomas Asta Tvarijonaviciute José J. Cerón P. David Eckersall 《Veterinary clinical pathology / American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology》2016,45(4):657-664