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1.
刘伟  常亚青  丁君 《水产学报》2013,37(9):1342-1348
为探讨低温对刺参体腔液中非特异性免疫酶的影响,实验研究了温度缓降和骤降2种不同降温模式对刺参“水院1号”和大连养殖群体体腔液中过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活力以及丙二醛(MDA)含量的变化情况。结果显示:(1)缓降模式下,刺参“水院1号”和大连养殖群体体腔液中CAT活力均呈先降低后升高的变化趋势,CAT活力变化分别为402.78～424.32 U/mL和409.81～430.08 U/mL;刺参“水院1号”和大连养殖群体体腔液中SOD和POD活力均呈先升高后降低再升高的变化趋势,SOD活力变化分别为0.019～0.086 U/mL和0.014～0.069 U/mL,POD活力变化分别为0.000 45～0.000 89 U/mL和0.000 24～0.000 66 U/mL;刺参“水院1号”和大连养殖群体体腔液中MDA含量均呈先升高后降低的趋势,MDA含量变化分别为5.83～9.79 nmol/mL和7.57～9.90 nmol/mL。(2)骤降模式下,刺参“水院1号”和大连养殖群体体腔液中CAT、SOD活力和MDA含量均呈先升高后降低的变化趋势,CAT活力变化分别为382.51～409.71 U/mL和383.86～399.42 U/mL;SOD活力变化分别为0.023～0.038 U/mL和0.025～0.035 U/mL;MDA含量变化分别为5.83～9.79 nmol/mL和5.57～9.90 nmol/mL;刺参“水院1号”和大连养殖群体体腔液中POD活力均呈先升高后降低再升高再降低的变化趋势,POD活力变化分别为0.000 20～0.000 70 U/mL和0.000 18～0.000 40 U/mL。(3)不同降温模式下,2个群体刺参体腔液中CAT、SOD、POD活力和MDA含量均发生变化,“水院1号” 刺参群体体腔液中CAT、SOD、POD活力变化较大连养殖刺参群体变化灵敏;SOD和POD活力略高于大连养殖刺参群体;2个群体刺参在骤降模式下脂质过氧化产生的MDA含量要显著高于缓降模式。以上结果表明,刺参对不同降温模式的免疫响应不同,“水院1号”较大连养殖刺参群体对低温的反应更灵敏,保护机体免受氧化损伤的能力更强。  相似文献   

2.
为研究丙烯酸对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)的免疫酶活性的影响,采用半静水式毒性测试方法,分别用3种不同浓度(0.84、4.20、21.00mg/L)丙烯酸处理24、48、72、96h后,检测仿刺参体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果发现:与对照组相比,各浓度丙烯酸处理24h后,ACP、CAT酶活性无显著差异,SOD酶活性显著上升;中、低浓度处理组AKP酶活性显著上升。48h后,随着丙烯酸处理浓度升高,ACP、AKP、SOD酶活性上升,具有剂量-效应正相关性;与对照组相比,中、低浓度处理组CAT活性显著降低,高浓度处理组CAT活性显著上升。72h后,随着丙烯酸处理浓度升高,SOD酶活性下降,具有剂量-效应负相关性。96h后,ACP、AKP酶活性与对照组无显著差异,高浓度组SOD酶活性极显著降低。上述结果表明:0.84~21.00mg/L的丙烯酸处理0~96h对仿刺参体腔液ACP、AKP、SOD和CAT等免疫指标有一定程度的影响。  相似文献   

3.
在水温为16-18℃时,将平均体重为(60.75±0.32)g的仿刺参(Apostichhopus japonicus)饲养在150 cm×120 cm×60 cm的水箱中,通过在基础饲料中添加富硒酵母,使7组饲料中硒的浓度分别为0、0.20、0.40、0.80、1.60、3.20和6.40 mg/kg,进行为期28 d的生长实验,并对其体壁、消化道、呼吸树、肌肉等不同组织消化酶活力、免疫酶活力进行测定,探讨不同水平的外源硒对仿刺参生长、相关酶及体内硒含量的影响,并用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法进行仿刺参体内硒含量分析.结果显示,添加适宜浓度的硒提高了仿刺参的成活率(最高达100％)、消化酶和免疫酶的活性,蛋白酶(35.13 U/mg prot)和淀粉酶(0.51 U/mg prot)的最高活性分别为对照组的2.45倍和2.07倍.硒浓度为0.80-1.60 mg/kg时,仿刺参各组中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性最高,显著高于其他组;仿刺参各组中的硒含量均有不同程度的上升,有机硒的提高倍数大于无机硒,说明富集到体内的硒以有机硒为主.研究表明,硒浓度为0.80-1.60 mg/kg时,仿刺参的养殖效果最佳.本研究丰富了仿刺参的营养学内容,为仿刺参健康、高效、可持续养殖提供了一定的参考依据.  相似文献   

4.
在水温为16-18℃时,将平均体重为(60.75±0.32)g的仿刺参(Apostichhopus japonicus)饲养在150 cm×120 cm×60 cm的水箱中,通过在基础饲料中添加富硒酵母,使7组饲料中硒的浓度分别为0、0.20、0.40、0.80、1.60、3.20和6.40 mg/kg,进行为期28 d的生长实验,并对其体壁、消化道、呼吸树、肌肉等不同组织消化酶活力、免疫酶活力进行测定,探讨不同水平的外源硒对仿刺参生长、相关酶及体内硒含量的影响,并用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法进行仿刺参体内硒含量分析。结果显示,添加适宜浓度的硒提高了仿刺参的成活率(最高达100%)、消化酶和免疫酶的活性,蛋白酶(35.13 U/mg prot)和淀粉酶(0.51 U/mg prot)的最高活性分别为对照组的2.45倍和2.07倍。硒浓度为0.80-1.60 mg/kg时,仿刺参各组中的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)和酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性最高,显著高于其他组;仿刺参各组中的硒含量均有不同程度的上升,有机硒的提高倍数大于无机硒,说明富集到体内的硒以有机硒为主。研究表明,硒浓度为0.80–1.60 mg/kg时,仿刺参的养殖效果最佳。本研究丰富了仿刺参的营养学内容,为仿刺参健康、高效、可持续养殖提供了一定的参考依据。  相似文献   

5.
为了解光裸方格星虫(Sipunculus nudus)在低盐环境下的生物和生理响应,文章在盐度分别骤降0 (S30)、5(S25)、10 (S20)、15 (S15)、20 (S10)、25 (S5)的水体中养殖方格星虫96 h,比较研究盐度骤降对光裸方格星虫相关组织结构和非特异性免疫酶的影响。结果显示:1)方格星虫可以耐受盐度骤降10,骤降超过15时则会明显死亡。2)低盐胁迫造成方格星虫体腔液显著增加(P0.05),体腔液体积与方格星虫体质量相关性较高(R~20.96)。3)体腔液渗透压和肌肉蛋白质含量均随着盐度的下降而显著降低(P0.05)。4)低盐胁迫造成纵肌纤维和环肌纤维变细、柱状上皮细胞染色变浅,引起触手上皮细胞体积增大,黏附能力降低。5) S25、S30处理组超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性相对稳定,S10、S15组体腔液SOD活性和体壁肌肉CAT活性先降低后升高,而S10、S15组体腔液CAT活性先升高再降低。方格星虫体腔液SOD和CAT活性变化规律较体壁肌肉明显。综上,在盐度骤降超过15时,将严重影响方格星虫的成活率和渗透压,造成体壁和触手结构变化,导致体内免疫酶活变化甚至失活,影响正常代谢活动。  相似文献   

6.
以刺参溶菌酶基因(lysozyme gene,LYZ)为靶基因探索构建刺参体内RNA干扰体系。构建了3个刺参溶菌酶基因特异性的RNA干扰重组质粒,以刺参体腔液原代培养细胞为靶细胞进行筛选;分别以口腔注射和腹腔注射的方式以及不同的注射剂量对刺参LYZ进行体内RNA干扰,并运用qPCR技术测定刺参LYZ的表达量;最后,对刺参LYZ进行体内RNA干扰,并分别运用qPCR技术和比浊法测定刺参LYZ的表达量及其酶活性。结果显示:3种RNA干扰重组质粒的沉默效率分别为40%、45%、0%;体腔注射RNA干扰重组质粒时,各组织中LYZ的表达量均出现了显著的上升(P0.05),而从口腔注射时,体腔液和肌肉中LYZ的表达量均出现极为显著的下降(P0.01),而在管足中未出现明显变化;当其注射剂量为0.5μg和5μg时未对LYZ的表达产生有效的抑制作用;当注射剂量为10μg和25μg时,刺参体内LYZ的表达受到了明显抑制,但是注射剂量为25μg时,部分刺参个体出现吐肠现象;在转染12h后,刺参体腔液、肌肉、体壁、疣足和管足组织中LYZ的表达量开始下降,到第四天后开始回升。表明:只有从口腔注射RNA干扰重组质粒且注射剂量达到10μg时才能有效地抑制靶基因的表达;刺参体内RNA干扰具有系统性,可以在各个组织间相互传导。  相似文献   

7.
盐度和溶解氧对刺参非特异性免疫酶活性的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
测定了不同盐度(20、25、30、35、40)和不同溶氧水平(充空气,DO 7~9mg/L)充纯氧,DO15~20mg/L;不充气,DO 2~5mg/L)对刺参体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)、溶菌酶(LZM)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性变化的影响。盐度试验结果表明,盐度急性变化会引起刺参体腔液ACP、AKP、LZM活性的升高和SOD活性降低,其中第10天时盐度对酶活性的影响最大。溶氧试验显示,过饱和溶氧(DO 15~20mg/L)可使刺参体腔液ACP、AKP、LZM、SOD活性维持在较高水平,不充气组(DO 2~5mg/L)刺参体腔液中ACP、AKP、LZM活性出现短暂升高。恢复性试验中,盐度20、25组对AKP活性和盐度20、40组对SOD活性的影响未恢复到初始水平,其余实验组均能恢复至初始水平,说明低盐对刺参免疫力的影响较大。充纯氧组刺参的AKP活性显著高于充空气组,表明高溶解氧水平在一定程度上提高了刺参免疫力。  相似文献   

8.
通过模拟仿刺参养殖池塘雨季的盐度变化,选用2龄仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象,刺参体重(16.93±3.08)g,研究盐度骤降及胁迫恢复对仿刺参体腔液相关生理指标的影响。盐度先由30以每6 h变化3个盐度的速度下降至18,然后在盐度18保持96 h,随后盐度以相同速度上升恢复至30,并保持24 h。结果显示,各盐度取样点间仿刺参体腔液渗透压、体腔液总蛋白浓度、Na+、K+、Cl–浓度与盐度的变化趋势一致,Na+、K+、Cl–浓度均在盐度下降到18时达到最低值,分别为(131.15±14.42)mmol/L,(6.08±0.24)mmol/L和(141.76±2.13)mmol/L;而Ca2+浓度一直呈上升趋势。体腔液中Na+-K+-ATP酶活力在盐度18并保持4 d后显著高于其他组(P0.05),盐度对其体腔液中Na+-K+-ATP酶活力的影响与体腔液渗透压变化趋势不一致。盐度胁迫对谷丙转氨酶活力无显著影响。结果表明,盐度胁迫对仿刺参渗透调节能力有显著影响,实验中体腔液渗透压与体腔液Na+、K+、Cl–浓度有一定的相关性。盐度胁迫对仿刺参的呼吸代谢产生的影响不显著。研究结果为丰富仿刺参适应环境盐度的机制提供基础资料,为进一步了解盐度胁迫下刺参的生理生态学特征以及今后的刺参增养殖生产提供参考。  相似文献   

9.
感染溶藻弧菌对日本蟳肝胰腺免疫功能的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
摘 要：为探讨日本蟳感染溶藻弧菌的致病机理,采用溶藻弧菌人工感染健康日本蟳,分析了感染前后日本蟳肝胰腺 PO、SOD和LSZ活性变化及注射免疫多糖后的免疫保护率,并研究了细胞超微结构的病理组织学。结果表明：日本蟳感染溶藻弧菌后,肝胰腺中PO、SOD和 LSZ的活性均受到不同程度的影响,感染6~12 h,3种酶的活性均有一个上升的过程,但之后随时间的延长呈现下降趋势;免疫感染组因感染弧菌前注射了免疫多糖,日本蟳肝胰腺中PO、SOD和LSZ酶活性均显著高于感染组的酶活性,感染7 d后的免疫保护率高达72.73％,表明免疫多糖可提高酶的活性,使机体的抗病菌能力增强。超微结构显示：对照组日本蟳肝胰腺细胞结构形态正常,上皮细胞表面的微绒毛排列整齐,各细胞器结构完整;免疫组内质网、糖原颗粒和线粒体丰富,微绒毛排列致密;感染组肝胰腺组织受到明显的损伤,细胞和部分微绒毛脱落、受损;线粒体和粗面内质网变形、水肿或仅剩一空泡;核高度异染色质化,核膜破裂。与感染组相比,免疫后感染组具有形态结构较正常的细胞核、整齐致密的微绒毛和丰富的溶酶体,但依然可见水肿的内质网和狭长畸变的线粒体。  相似文献   

10.
本实验以小[(6.05±0.44)g/头]、中[(14.68±1.76)g/头]、大[(25.64±3.27)g/头]的3种不同规格刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)为研究对象,研究了氨氮胁迫浓度为0、2、4、6、8、l0 mg/L时对刺参体腔液中溶菌酶(LSZ)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性的影响.结果显示,在氨氮浓度为8 mg/L时,第10天后,3种不同规格刺参均出现吐肠、化皮,直至死亡.氨氮浓度为10 mg/L时中规格刺参存活率最低,为86.7％.在氨氮浓度为2 mg/L和4 mg/L时,小、中、大规格刺参的3种非特异性免疫酶活性在第4天显著升高,与对照组(氨氮浓度低于0.05 mg/L)差异显著(P＜0.05);第7、10、13天时,LSZ、CAT、SOD酶活性与第4天相比,差异不显著(P＞0.05).在氨氮浓度为6、8、10 mg/L时,LSZ、CAT、SOD酶活性在第7天达到最高,与对照组差异性显著(P＜0.05).氨氮胁迫对3种不同规格刺参的非特异性免疫酶活性的影响存在差异,在同一氨氮浓度胁迫下,敏感性依次为中规格＞大规格＞小规格.研究表明,氨氮胁迫会对刺参存活与免疫产生一定影响,在刺参养殖过程中,水环境中氨氮浓度最好控制在6 mg/L以内.  相似文献   

11.
In order to understand the effects of seasonal change on the immunity of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus cultured in pond, A. japonicus with body weight of 12.2 ± 4.5 g (sample A) and 32.6 ± 7.1 g (sample B), respectively, were collected monthly and randomly from a typical pond during a year cycle and employed for the evaluation of immunocompetence. Simultaneously, the environmental factors in the pond including water temperature, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen (DO) were measured using a handheld multiparameter meter. The activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lysozyme (LYZ), phenoloxidase (PO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in the coelomic fluid were selected for the evaluation of A. japonicus immunocompetence and determined using biochemical methods. The results showed that in both samples, the activities of all determined enzymes had small values in winter and early spring, and LYZ, CAT and MPO activities also presented small values in summer, suggesting that pond‐cultured A. japonicus underwent immunosuppression twice during a year cycle, and the immunosuppression occurred in winter and early spring was more severe than that occurred in summer. In addition, most of the determined enzymes showed different variations between the two samples, and had significantly negative correlation with protein concentration, which was significantly and negatively correlated with water temperature, revealing that body weight and water temperature might have crucial effects on the immunity of A. japonicus cultured in pond.  相似文献   

12.
The mass mortalities of sea cucumber Apostichpous japonicus have prevailed in northern China, mainly attributing to the emergence of extreme environmental conditions, that is hyperthermia and hyposalinity. The high‐quality sea cucumber seedlings appear to possess more robust resistance to adverse conditions. There are usually indoor‐ and outdoor‐cultured seedlings in industrial production of sea cucumbers. Although the outdoor‐cultured sea cucumbers are practically considered to be more strong and robust, the effective evaluation approach to distinguish these seedlings has been scarce. The current study compared survival and immune performances of indoor‐ and outdoor‐cultured A. japonicus under combined exogenous stressors, that is hyperthermia and hyposalinity. Results based on secondary stress induction revealed that the activities of immune enzymes and levels of catecholamines in body wall of outdoor‐cultured seedlings were prominently higher than those of indoor‐cultured seedlings recovered for 0–72 hr following sublethal stress (30°C and 25 psu of salinity). The opposite case occurred on immune enzymes in coelomic fluid of the two sources of seedlings except for myeloperoxidase. Importantly, the outdoor‐cultured seedlings, which were recovered for 72 hr after sublethal stress, exhibited a 93% of cumulative survival rate following 7 days of recovery after lethal stress (33°C and 20 psu of salinity), 27% higher than the indoor‐cultured seedlings. Collectively, the outdoor‐cultured A. japonicus seedlings showed more superior quality than the hatchery‐produced seedlings in terms of survival and immune performance. These findings provide practically useful information towards quality distinction of the indoor‐ and outdoor‐cultured sea cucumbers, which could benefit the aquaculture industry to obtain high‐quality seedlings.  相似文献   

13.
The immune‐related enzymes in marine animals are very sensitive to divalent metal ions. To investigate the roles divalent metal ions play in the influence on the immunity of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, one of the most important commercial species in Asian countries, the effects of eight divalent metal ions at concentrations of 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mmol L?1 on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), phenoloxidase (PO), acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) in coelomic fluid were determined with the nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) method, dopachrome formation method, p‐nitrophenyl phosphate (pNPP) method and 3,3′,5,5′‐tetramethyl benzidine (TMB) method. The results indicated that Mg2+ enhanced the activities of SOD, PO, ACP and AKP significantly and showed no obvious effect on MPO activity; Zn2+ increased the activities of SOD, ACP and AKP, and showed no obvious effect on the activities of PO and MPO; Cu2+ enhanced the activities of ACP, AKP and MPO and activated SOD and PO at a certain concentration range; Ca2+ and Mn2+ inhibited the activities of ACP and AKP; Fe2+ had strong inhibitory effect on SOD activity; Pb2+ showed inhibitions on the activities of SOD, PO, ACP and AKP; and Cd2+ inhibited MPO activity greatly. The data obtained in this study collectively suggest that Mg2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+ have potential in promotion of A. japonicus immunity, while Ca2+, Fe2+, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Mn2+ might be limiting factors to the immune response of A. japonicus.  相似文献   

14.
To determine the effects of A3α‐peptidoglycan (A3α‐PG) extracted from Bifidobacterium sp. on the growth, immune response and disease resistance of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus, a 70‐day feeding trial was conducted in this study. A total of 216 sea cucumbers were fed with four practical diets prepared from a commercial feed with different contents (0, 1.5, 2.5 and 4.0 g kg?1) of A3α‐PG. The specific growth rate (SGR), total coelomocyte count (TCC), phagocytotic activity and activities of four immunological enzymes in both cell‐free coelomic fluid (extracellular, EC) and coelomocyte lysate supernatant (intracellular, IC), including acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), were measured at the end of the feeding trial. Finally, the animals were administered a 16‐day Vibrio splendidus challenge via intraperitoneal injection to test the potency of A3α‐PG on disease resistance. Compared with the control (0 g kg?1 A3α‐PG), a significant increase (P < 0.05) in SGR was observed in the groups fed with 1.5 and 2.5 g kg?1 A3a‐PG. The TCC, ranging from 7.25 × 106 to 1.05 × 107 cells mL?1, was not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by A3α‐PG,. Coelomocyte phagocytotic activities in all of the A3α‐PG‐supplemented groups were significantly activated (P < 0.05), but no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed. Sea cucumbers fed with 1.5 and 2.5 g kg?1 A3α‐PG exhibited significant activation (P < 0.05) of EC/IC‐ACP, EC/IC‐ALP, and EC/IC‐POD activities. A significant increase in EC‐SOD activities (P < 0.05) was exhibited by all groups with A3α‐PG supplementation. The challenge test showed that animals fed with diets containing 2.5 and 4.0 g kg?1 A3α‐PG had significantly lower cumulative mortalities compared with the control 16 days after exposure. All of the results presented here show that A3α‐PG can positively enhance the growth, immune response and disease resistance of sea cucumber, suggesting that dietary supplementation of A3α‐PG has potential applications in the health management of economic species of sea cucumber.  相似文献   

15.
The kelp aquaculture production in China is the largest in the world, and a large amount of kelp residue is produced by kelp processing. Kelp residues contain substantial quantities of crude fibre, protein, and residual alginic acid, and may be used as feedstuff for aquaculture animals. In this study, we used probiotics to ferment kelp residues to improve kelp nutrient content and then fed the fermented kelp to the sea cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus. To study the effect of fermented feed on sea cucumber, its growth performance, digestive enzyme activity, diversity of intestinal microbiota and water quality of the sea cucumber culture water were determined. Growth performance of sea cucumber fed with fermented feed significantly (p < .01) increased when compared with sea cucumber fed with formulated feed. Amylase, cellulose and alginase activities were significantly (p < .01) higher in the fermented feed group when compared with the formulated feed group. The total number and diversity of intestinal microbiota showed a significant increase in sea cucumbers fed with the fermented feed. The water quality of the fermented feed group showed much lower ammonia and nitrite (<0.050 mg/L) levels when compared with the formulated feed group. These results suggest that kelp residues fermented with probiotics enhance the growth, digestive enzyme activities and intestinal microbiota of sea cucumbers and improve the culture water quality. Fermented kelp residues are a new supplementary nutrient source for sea cucumbers and may be applicable to other animal aquacultures.  相似文献   

16.
This study deals with the mortality and related physiological responses of aestivating sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus to acute salinity decrease. Aestivating and active sea cucumbers were exposed to a decrease in salinity (from 30 to 20 psu) at a rate of 2.5 psu every 6 h, and then maintained at 20 psu for 96 h. The mortality of aestivating sea cucumbers was ~30%, which was significantly higher than that of active sea cucumbers (~10%). This result indicated that sea cucumbers in aestivation were more susceptible to hypo‐salinity stress. To elucidate the underlying physiological mechanisms, the osmotic pressure in coelomic fluid and the levels of hsp70 and hsp90 mRNA in aestivating and active sea cucumbers were measured. No significant difference in osmoregulation was observed between the two groups. The osmotic pressure of coelomic fluid in both groups changed with decrease in ambient salinity. There were significant differences in the time course and magnitude of hsp70 and hsp90 expression between the two groups. After exposure to decreased salinity, aestivating sea cucumbers showed a delayed up‐regulation of hsp70 and hsp90 expression compared with animals in active state, and these levels decreased rapidly to control values. The expression of hsp70 and hsp90 in aestivating sea cucumbers were significantly lower than those in active sea cucumbers after salinity change. The differences in hsp70 and hsp90 expression between the states may partly explain the higher mortality of sea cucumbers in aestivation when exposed to low salinity.  相似文献   

17.
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18.
为了探究饥饿胁迫对刺参免疫和生长的影响,在11?13℃条件下,研究体质量为(20±0.15) g的刺参在不同时间(0、10、20、30、40、50、60 d),饥饿胁迫对体腔液中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性、溶菌酶(LZM)活性、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、呼吸爆发(RB)活性、吞噬活性以及对刺参体质量、脏壁比、存活率的影响。研究结果表明,随着饥饿时间的延长,刺参体腔液中的ACP活性、LZM活性呈现降低的趋势,饥饿60 d后,比初始值分别下降47.06%、17.57%;SOD活性、RB活性和吞噬活性呈现出先上升后下降的趋势,分别在饥饿胁迫第20、20、10天时达到最高值依次为32.88、0.328、1.35 U/ml,其后显著下降,第60天时显著低于初始值,分别下降27.87%、38.08%、53.43%;其体质量在第60天时为初始体质量的68.08%,呈现负生长;脏壁比逐渐增大,第60天时为0.56,显著高于初始值0.44 (P<0.05)。随着存储营养物质的消耗,刺参体质量损失率增加,存活率下降,存活率与体质量损失率之间存在着y = ?0.0354x2+0.4354x 99.117的函数关系,呈二次曲线线性负相关。研究结果显示,饥饿时刺参通过消耗体内的营养物质来满足机体需要,长期的饥饿有可能降低刺参的免疫能力,直接影响刺参的健康和生长。  相似文献   

19.
A feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein level of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus juvenile focusing on growth performance and non‐specific immune response. Diets with seven crude protein levels (42.0, 108.9, 155.2, 216.7, 258.0, 313.3 and 357.5 g kg?1) were fed to sea cucumber juveniles (1.05 ±0.01 g) once a day for 100 days. More than 70% survival was observed, and there was no significant difference among all treatments. The sea cucumbers fed diets containing 108.9 g kg?1 crude protein showed significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight gain than those of the sea cucumbers fed diets containing 42.0, 216.7, 258.0, 313.3 and 357.5 g kg?1 crude protein. No significantly differences (P > 0.05) were observed in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, ash and carbohydrate content of the body wall among all treatments. The coelomic fluid catalase activity of the sea cucumbers generally increased with increasing dietary protein levels. Therefore, the acid phosphatase, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme activity increased with increasing dietary protein levels at first and decreased subsequently. The relationship between dietary protein levels and body weight gain was analysed by a second‐order polynomial regression analysis model. The result indicates that the optimum dietary protein level for sea cucumber juveniles is 135.4 g kg?1.  相似文献   

20.
To fill in the gaps in knowledge as to how individual sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus behave consuming eukaryotic food sources in natural environments, eukaryotic communities in the faeces of sea cucumbers and sediments were analysed through one whole year based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing of the organelle genomes. A total of 390 eukaryotic features were obtained, and 99.7% of the features were assigned to chloroplasts. The eukaryotic communities in faeces and sediments showed seasonal fluctuations through one whole year based on Bray‐Curtis distance and community composition. Comparison of eukaryotic communities between faeces and sediments showed that 12 families including Chaetocerotaceae and Laminariaceae were more abundant in faeces than in sediments, suggesting that sea cucumbers may choose sediment containing these algal taxa more often compared with others in natural environments. All features of Laminariaceae were assigned to Saccharina japonica, which is consistent with the fact that this alga is one of the most suitable diets in the aquaculture of A. japonicus. Assessments of individual 16S amplicon sequences of both faecal and sediment samples could be an alternative tool to help us understand dynamic feeding behaviours of sea cucumber populations in contributing to bioresource conservation and development of a superior approach to aquaculture.  相似文献   

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