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本试验Ⅰ组用１０％脱毒棉仁饼代替部分大豆饼，日粮中含游离棉酚０．００４９８％。试验Ⅱ组用５％棉仁饼代替部分大豆饼，８粮含游离棉酚０．００６％。对照组用低鱼粉大豆日粮，不含棉酚。试验分二个阶段进行。试验１，３种日粮饲喂莎褐生长鸡结果不影响增重，饲料利用率试验组低于对照组，增重成本试验Ⅰ组最低，试验Ⅱ组稍高于对照组。试验２，３种日粮饲喂伊莎褐商品代蛋鸡结果不影响产蛋率，蛋重和饲科利用率对照组高于试验组。鸡蛋成本试验Ⅰ组比对照组低０．０７元。试验证明１０％脱毒棉仁饼代替部分大豆饼合游离棉酚０．００４９８％的日粮经济效益最高。目前缺乏蛋白质饲料，而大豆饼价格上涨的情况下，试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组日粮均可采用。 相似文献
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棉酚对罗非鱼、鲤和金鱼血钾及肝肾器官的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
棉酚对罗非鱼、鲤和金鱼血钾及肝肾器官的影响富惠光，卢彤岩，叶继丹，张良（黑龙江水产研究所，哈尔滨１５００７０）关键词棉酚，淡水鱼，血钾，病理组织ＥＦＦＥＣＴＯＦＧＯＳＳＹＰＯＬＯＮＬＩＶＥＲ，ＫＩＤＮＥＹＡＮＤＰＬＡＳＭＡＰＯＴＡＳＳＩＵＭＬＥＶＥＬ... 相似文献
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棉籽饼、菜籽饼在我国数量较大，分布较广，是较为理想的养鱼饲料。但棉籽饼中含0．7％－1．5％的棉酚，棉酚是一种种经性毒素，一旦进入鱼体，鱼类易患肠炎病，进入血液，容易引起溶血即红细胞破裂，同时还影响鱼类的性腺发育。菜籽饼中含呼吐烷硫酮门gr）、硫氰酸酯门C）、导流氰酸酯（IFC）等有毒物质。如果不去毒直接投喂，就会使这些有毒物质在鱼体中积累，影响鱼的产量和质量。因此，在利用棉、菜籽饼作鱼饲料肘，必须先作去毒处理。一、棉籽饼去霉1．硫酸亚铁溶液浸泡法把1．25公斤硫酸亚铁溶解成125公斤的水溶液，将50公斤粉碎了… 相似文献
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新鲜采取的尼罗罗非鱼精液在加入棉酚的精子保存液中28℃下培养。高达10mM 的乙酸棉酚也不影响精子在一小时内的存活率。罗非鱼精子的存活率在培养三小时后存活率显下降，而低浓度棉酚（25－100μM）显提高罗非鱼精子的 存活率。 本对上述实验结果进行了讨论。 相似文献
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选取初始体质量（73．81±9．02）g的雄性吉富罗非鱼（GIFFOreochromisniloticus）,分别投喂含100％鱼油（A）、50％葵花籽油＋50％鱼油（B）和100％葵花籽油（C）的饲料,每种饲料设置2个流速运动水平（0BL·s-1、1．5BL·s-1）（BL,体长）,共6个试验组合（0A、1．5A、0B、1．5B、0C、1．5C）,饲养42d后测定试验鱼生长和体成分变化。结果显示各组合吉富罗非鱼的成活率没有显著性差异（P〉0．05）。1．5B组合的特定生长率（4．96±0．02）％·d-1显著高于其他各组合（P〈0．05）。逆流运动后红肌和白肌蛋白质含量分别最高增加10．25％和7．74％（P〈0．05）。逆流运动对全鱼和肌肉多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量没有显著影响（P〉0．05）,但饲料B组和c组鱼体红肌PUFA含量显著高于A组（P〈0．05）,而B组和c组之间则没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。研究结果表明,葵花籽油替代鱼油对吉富罗非鱼的生长和体成分没有显著影响,而逆流运动能够显著提高肌肉蛋白质含量。 相似文献
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棉酚又名棉毒素或棉籽醇，是棉属植物内形成的一种黄色的酚型物质。棉粕中的有毒成份有游离棉酚、棉酚紫和棉绿素3种色素，其毒性以棉绿素最强，游离棉酚次之。但游离棉酚的含量远比另2种色素高，因此棉粕的毒性决定于游离棉酚的含量。棉粕含粗蛋白36％-44％，粗纤维11％-15％，此外B族维生素、硫胺素和磷含量十分丰富，是一种很好的蛋白质饲料。我区是棉花主产区，棉粕产量很大，各猪场时常发生棉酚中毒，现就棉酚的毒性、危害、防治方法介绍如下： 相似文献
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兴淮鲫的性腺发生和发育状况比较特殊，大致有下列类型；（１）无性腺个体，占解剖总数的１９．６％；（２）两性嵌合型个体，其性腺以卵巢为主，精巢为辅，占解剖总数的２．４５％；（３）卵巢发育不正常个体，占解剖总数的１９％；（４）卵巢发育正常个体，占解剖总数的１２．８％；（５）精巢发育异常个体，占解剖总数的１５．３％；（６）精巢发育正常个体，占解剖总数的３０．６％。总之，兴淮鲫的大多数个体性腺发育不正常，只有部分雌性和雄性个体的性腺发育是正常或比较正常的。但精巢内的精子是否具有受精能力尚待进一步研究。 相似文献
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饲料中必需脂肪酸对中国对虾体内必需脂肪酸含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用正交设计法设计亚油酸（１８∶２ｎ－６）、亚麻酸（１８∶３ｎ－３）、二十碳五烯酸（２０∶５ｎ－３）和二十二碳六烯酸（２２∶６ｎ－３）３因素、３水平饲喂中国对虾试验,结果表明,对虾体内４种必需脂肪酸（ＥＦＡ）含量随饲料中４种必需脂肪酸含量增加而增加。当饲料中亚麻酸、二十碳五烯酸和二十二碳六烯酸含量分别为０．８４％～１．１０％、０．２１％～０．４８％和０．３７％～０７４％时,养殖对虾与野生虾体内这３种必需脂肪酸含量接近。由于饲料中亚油酸含量较高,所以养殖虾体内亚油酸含量高于野生虾。 相似文献
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酸化剂对奥尼罗非鱼生长性能和饲料利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用体重为5．35±0．02g的奥尼罗非鱼（Oreochromis aureus ♂×O．niloticus ♀）幼鱼480尾,随机分配在16个水族箱中,设计4个处理组,分别添加不同梯度水平的酸化剂（0％、0．1％、0．2％和0．3％）,每组4个重复,每重复30尾鱼。通过8周的生长试验,来评价酸化剂对罗非鱼生长性能和饲料利用的影响。结果表明,饲料中添加0．3％的酸化剂显著促进了罗非鱼的生长（P〈0．05）,饲料系数及蛋白质效率也有一定的改善;不同水平的酸化剂不影响鱼体的水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪和粗灰分等营养指标;除0．3％组脏体比显著高于对照组外,各试验组鱼体的肝体比、脂体比和血液指标与对照组相比也无显著差异（P〉0．05）。结果说明,饲料中添加0．3％的酸化剂可显著促进罗非鱼的生长和提高饲料的利用。 相似文献
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D. C. Dauwalter 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2013,20(4):289-301
Energy development threatens fish and wildlife resources worldwide. This study used constrained ordinations to show fish assemblage structure associated with oil and gas well densities in the Colorado River Basin, Wyoming, but well densities explained only 6.4% of assemblage structure when compared to other factors. Threshold Indicator Taxonomic ANalysis showed significant negative threshold responses by some species to small levels of development (<0.15 wells km?2), whereas positive thresholds were less distinct. Some native and imperilled species could be disproportionately affected if future oil and gas development proceeds in a manner that will impact aquatic resources. Although existing development has not substantially influenced regional fish assemblage structure, it appears to affect a subset of species. Understanding assemblage‐level responses to development can help land managers determine appropriate development levels, prioritise areas for monitoring associated with future development and identify where land protection measures may be needed to offset potential risks. 相似文献
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奶牛酮病发病机理研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
结合国内外目前研究状况较为详细的综述了奶牛酮病的病因与发病机理,并分析了奶牛酮病发生的生化机制。旨在对临床实践中很好的认识诊断和群体监控奶牛酮病提供较为系统的理论依据,保证奶牛群的高产和稳产,从而创造良好的经济效益。 相似文献
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本试验利用饲养试验方法,研究玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶时不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血清指标和骨骼性能的影响。试验选用162头20kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪进行2×3(磷水平×钙磷比)因子饲养试验,试验分2个阶段进行,前期为生长期体重在20-60kg,后期为肥育期体重为为60-100kg。结果表明:添加植酸酶日粮磷水平对血清磷含量和碱性磷酸酶的活性影响显著(P<0.05);钙磷比对血清钙和血清磷含量的影响显著(P<0.05);添加植酸酶日粮磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪骨骼性能的影响不显著(P>0.05)。在添加植酸酶条件下,降低日粮磷水平不影响猪的正常生长发育。 相似文献
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Claude E. Boyd Louis R. D'Abramo Brent D. Glencross David C. Huyben Lorenzo M. Juarez George S. Lockwood Aaron A. McNevin Albert G. J. Tacon Fabrice Teletchea Joseph R. Tomasso Jr Craig S. Tucker Wagner C. Valenti 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2020,51(3):578-633
Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs. 相似文献
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A report is presented of esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in cats and dogs using flexible endoscopes. Following consideration of the basic equipment, an account is given of patient preparation and anesthesia, topography, investigation technique and normal findings. Diagnostic potential, indications and risks involved are discussed. 相似文献
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Roberto Mendoza Alfaro Carlos Aguilera González & Allyse M Ferrara 《Aquaculture Research》2008,39(7):748-763
Many lepisosteid populations in North America have declined and many are now threatened as a consequence of habitat loss and alteration and commercial and sport overfishing. Over the last two decades, morphological, histological and molecular studies allowed distinguishing between different phases of development and the nutritional condition of larvae. Ontogeny of the digestive enzymes of gar larvae indicated the possibility to feed them artificial feeds since early developmental stages. An in vitro digestibility system to test different feed ingredients has been used. Important characteristics of artificial diets were identified through different feeding experiments. Endocrinological studies showed the feasibility of altering larval development and the digestive capacity of larvae. Cloning of gar growth hormone opened new avenues to enhance growth in the gars. Plasmatic vitellogenin was isolated and purified, to develop a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which allowed the straightforward separation of males from females to establish appropriate proportions for reproduction and also was used to evaluate hormonal protocols to induce gonad recrudescence and spawning. This review analyzes the biology, ecology and physiology of different gar species as a basis for their domestication, mass production of larvae for repopulation experiments and for the culture of commercial‐size gar. 相似文献
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“十一五”以来,我国农垦加快体制机制改革、结构调整和经济增长方式的转变的步伐,参与市场竞争,努力提升企业和产品竞争力,经济社会事业发展较快,对国家的贡献提升,职工收入、生活质量明显提高和改善,示范引领作用不断增强。本文针对农垦体制机制创新进展滞缓,战略定位与发展方向不明,经济增长方式转变和结构调整缺乏资本、人才、技术的支撑,没有处理好改革、发展、稳定、民生的关系,投资匮乏,发展后劲不足,人才短缺和劳动力素质低下的现状,提出在未来农垦体制机制创新中要特别关注改革方向、目标设定与评估,改革要在现行法律法规的框架内运作,改革时机的选择,处理好改革发展稳定与民生的关系,调整好内部利益分配关系,自觉融入区域经济,与地方协同发展等问题。为了促进农垦的发展,建议国家加大对农垦体制机制创新、现代农业建设、国有农场土地资源的保护、社会保障体系的完善等财政和政策的支持力度。 相似文献
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中国鲟鱼的保护、管理与产业化 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
1 世界现存鲟鱼的种类和资源鲟鱼是一类起源早、具有重要科学研究价值和极高经济价值的稀有物种 ,多数种类个体大 ,半数种为溯河洄游产卵鱼类。按目前较为公认的分类系统 ,现存鲟鱼类有 2科 6属 2 7个种 ,隶属于硬骨鱼纲、软骨硬鳞总目、鲟形目 (Acipenseriformes) ,其中鲟属有 17个种 ,主要经济种类在其中。它们全部分布于北半球 ,现存 9个自然分布区为 :太平洋东岸、北美大湖地区、大西洋西北部、北美密西西比河流域和墨西哥湾、大西洋东北部、里海地区、西伯利亚及北冰洋流域、黑龙江和日本海、长江和珠江。鲟鱼自然种群资源稀少 ,在过… 相似文献
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M. Kobayashi M. Amano M.H. Kim Y. Yoshiura Y.C. Sohn H. Suetake K. Aida 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,17(1-6):1-8
Reproductive activities in vertebrates are regulated by an endocrine system, consisting of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. In teleosts, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in the brain stimulates gonadotropin (GTH) release in the pituitary gland, but because of lack of the portal vessel, it is not known when and how much GnRH is released for the regulation of GTH release. There are multiple molecular types of GnRH in teleosts and several distinct populations of GnRH neurons in the brain. However, we do not know which types and populations of GnRH neurons regulate reproductive activities. Here we summarize our recent studies on GnRH and GTH in masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou and goldfish Carassius auratus. Immunocytochemistry showed the location and molecular types of GnRH neurons. Salmon (sGnRH) and chicken-II GnRH (cGnRH-II) neuronal fibers were widely distributed in the brain of both masu salmon and goldfish. Only sGnRH fibers were observed in the pituitary of masu salmon, whereas both sGnRH and cGnRH-II fibers were observed in the goldfish pituitary, indicating that species specific GnRH profiles are involved in the regulation of pituitary function in teleosts. A series of experiments in masu salmon and goldfish suggest that among GnRH neuron populations GnRH neurons in the ventral telencephalon and the hypothalamus regulate GTH release, and that GnRH of the terminal nerve origin is not essential to gonadal maturation and ovulation. The biological function of other GnRH neurons remains unkown. Two GTHs appear to be characteristic of teleost; however, regulation of reproduction by these GTHs is a question that remains to be elucidated. In salmonid species, it is proposed that GTH I stimulates early gonadal development, whereas GTH II acts in later stages. When GTH expression was examined in goldfish, both GTH I and II mRNA levels in the pituitary gland showed increases in accordance with gonadal development, unlike the sequential expression of GTH subunits in salmonids. The expression of these GTH subunit mRNAs were affected by water temperature, starvation, and steroid hormones in goldfish, but in what manner these two GTHs regulate gonadal development remains to be clarified. 相似文献