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大菱鲆是目前世界公认的海水养殖优良品种之一,在我国沿海依靠地下井盐水养殖模式取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。河北省南堡盐场的一家子公司位于唐山沿海,由于地质原因而打不出地下井盐水,但考虑到盐场独具的高盐度自然海水这一资源优势,便于2001年开始探索一条利用高盐度自然海水兑地下淡水直接从事大菱鲆养殖的新路,并取得了成功。一、基本养殖设施 相似文献
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大菱鲆是目前世界公认的海水养殖优良品种之一,在我国沿海依靠地下井盐水养殖模式取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益.河北省南堡盐场的一家子公司位于唐山沿海,由于地质原因而打不出地下井盐水,但考虑到盐场独具的高盐度自然海水这一资源优势,便于2001年开始探索一条利用高盐度自然海水兑地下淡水直接从事大菱鲆养殖的新路,并取得了成功. 相似文献
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<正>大菱鲆属于鲽形目,鲆科,菱属,为底栖冷水性鱼类。该鱼对温度、盐度、重金属等海水指标要求较严,其最适生长水温为14～18 ℃,适宜盐度为25‰～30‰。大菱鲆在葫芦岛地区养殖已近二十年,目前葫芦岛市大菱鲆养殖面积已超过200万m3水体,采取的是"温室大棚+地下井盐水"的开放式陆基工厂化养殖方式。土地资源的短缺和地下井盐水资源的枯竭制约了该产业的发展。为寻求更多、更适合本地区大菱鲆养殖的模式,2018年至2019年我们在本地区做了大菱鲆室内 相似文献
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2001年是我省南美白对虾养殖取得突破性进展的一年,不仅沿海地区获得了较大面积的高产养殖结果,内陆地区也获得了多试验点的养殖成功。从总体看地下低盐水、渗水等养殖模式的成功率高于自然海水养殖,成功的养殖模式均采用了近几年开发的健康养殖技术。由于南美白对虾在我省大规模养殖历史甚短,许多养殖业者对南美白对虾的生态习性及养殖技术缺乏了解,存在的一些问题在今后的养殖生产中有待解决。1 水质问题1.1 水源及水处理问题从2001年全省南美白对虾养殖情况来看,各地利用地下低盐水、高盐水兑淡水或渗水养殖都获得较好结果, 相似文献
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地下卤水、盐水和地表咸水在水产养殖中的应用问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国盐矿资源开发历史悠久,但主要用于制盐业。近年来因用海水养殖对虾、繁殖河蟹苗的疾病严重,人们开始用无生物污染的地下卤水、盐水繁育蟹苗、虾苗,或在离海较远的水域用地下盐水养殖对虾。近10年来笔者在带学生实习时多次参与地下卤水河蟹育苗,也主持过井盐水河蟹育苗生产。现将多年的经验体会综述以供参考。1地下卤水用于水产养殖的意义1·1利用地下卤水养殖,可以避免病原生物的感染海洋是一个相互连通的开放水体,各种生物包括病原生物都可自由扩大其分布区。因此,养殖海虾的疾病大多是世界性的。上世纪70年代末我国开始大规模养虾,养… 相似文献
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Extreme ocean acidification reduces the susceptibility of eastern oyster shells to a polydorid parasite 
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下载免费PDF全文 J C Clements D Bourque J McLaughlin M Stephenson L A Comeau 《Journal of fish diseases》2017,40(11):1573-1585
Ocean acidification poses a threat to marine organisms. While the physiological and behavioural effects of ocean acidification have received much attention, the effects of acidification on the susceptibility of farmed shellfish to parasitic infections are poorly understood. Here we describe the effects of moderate (pH 7.5) and extreme (pH 7.0) ocean acidification on the susceptibility of Crassostrea virginica shells to infection by a parasitic polydorid, Polydora websteri. Under laboratory conditions, shells were exposed to three pH treatments (7.0, 7.5 and 8.0) for 3‐ and 5‐week periods. Treated shells were subsequently transferred to an oyster aquaculture site (which had recently reported an outbreak of P. websteri) for 50 days to test for effects of pH and exposure time on P. websteri recruitment to oyster shells. Results indicated that pH and exposure time did not affect the length, width or weight of the shells. Interestingly, P. websteri counts were significantly lower under extreme (pH 7.0; ~50% reduction), but not moderate (pH 7.5; ~20% reduction) acidification levels; exposure time had no effect. This study suggests that extreme levels – but not current and projected near‐future levels – of acidification (?pH ~1 unit) can reduce the susceptibility of eastern oyster shells to P. websteri infections. 相似文献
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贝壳的结构与应用的研究现状 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国的贝壳资源十分丰富,但囿于技术等问题,利用率一直较为低下。为此,对贝壳的成分、结构进行了介绍,并由此引申出其相关特性,同时,综合相关研究,列举了贝壳在作为吸附剂、杀菌剂、催化剂和用于功能材料等方面的应用,对贝壳的资源化利用提出建议。 相似文献
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Identification of a microsatellite marker that is completely linked to shell colour in small abalone,Haliotis diversicolor 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 A novel orange shell colour has been discovered in small abalone, Haliotis diversicolor (Reeve, 1846). To facilitate and accelerate a selective breeding programme for orange shell colour, a microsatellite marker that was completely linked to the shell colour gene was identified using a selective DNA pool approach and was verified in 448 individuals. Two DNA pools were constructed by pooling equal amounts of genomic DNA from 74 individuals with dark‐brown shells and 87 individuals with orange shells. Approximately 12 of 308 microsatellite markers that were linked to the shell colour gene were isolated using the selective DNA pooling method. After verification in 32 individuals with dark shells and 32 individuals with orange shells, only the Hdi3‐119 locus remained tightly linked to the shell colour gene. Finally, four families were used to verify the accuracy of the Hdi3‐119 locus. All of the individuals with orange shells in the four families harboured a unique 381‐bp allele in marker Hdi3‐119. This marker could be used for selective breeding of orange small abalone. 相似文献
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为了解在不同pH和滤料条件下硝化细菌对氨氮(NH_4~+-N)和亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2~--N)的去除效果,通过试验,探讨了5.0~10.0等6个pH梯度以及陶环、珊瑚石、生物刷和生物球等4种滤料的消氨效果。在pH 8.0~9.0时,至试验第7天氨氮去除率分别达99.86%、98.95%,明显高于pH 6.0、7.0和10.0组(去除率分别为66.18%、71.43%和70.51%)。在pH 7.0~9.0时,亚硝酸盐氮浓度的增加小于氨氮浓度的下降,特别是在pH 9.0时两者浓度变化差异明显。生物刷、陶环、珊瑚石和生物球分别在试验的第3、4、6、7天,氨氮去除率达100%。陶环组和珊瑚石组,NO_2~--N质量浓度在达到最高值(9.60 mg/L和10.00 mg/L),之后开始逐步下降。生物刷组和生物球组在达到最高值(9.55 mg/L和11.00 mg/L)之后基本维持不变。结果表明:硝化细菌适宜碱性的环境条件(pH 8.0~9.0),水体pH 9.0最有利于硝化细菌对NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N的去除。不同滤料对硝化细菌去除NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N有不同的影响。陶环对硝化细菌去除NH_4~+-N和NO_2~--N都有良好效果,生物刷只对去除NH_4~+-N有良好效果,珊瑚石只对去除NO_2~--N有良好效果。多种滤料配合使用有利于产生优势互补的效果。 相似文献
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S. Leal‐Soto R. Barraza‐Guardado R. Castro‐Longoria J. Chvez‐Villalba F. Hoyos‐Chirez 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2011,42(6):789-800
Pen shells are economically important and most are threatened by overexploitation and habitat degradation. Cultivation represents an alternative for preserving the resource and increasing the production. Atrina maura was cultivated in a suspension system which was followed by a bottom phase. Samples of pen shells and tissues were collected monthly to measure absolute growth, shell height increase, and an adductor muscle index. After the trials, adults shell height was 195 ± 10 mm, total weight was 223 ± 28 g, and mean shell height increase was 0.81 cm/mo. Protective devices were vital to avoid predation by crabs and fish; survival was 90% in the suspension phase and 70% in the bottom phase. Variations in the muscle index were apparently related to reproduction, suggesting activity (partial spawning) from August 2008 to April 2009 in juveniles and a major spawning in adults during August 2009. Adductor muscles reached a mean of 21 g after 20 mo of cultivation, but muscle weights decreased significantly after reproduction (August to November 2009). Results indicated that A. maura is suitable for aquaculture and the cultivation system adopted here should be tested in pilot‐scale ventures. This system may work with other species of pen shells. 相似文献
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Influence of fouling on the growth and survival of the tropical scallop, Euvola (Pecten) ziczac (L. 1758) in suspended culture 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
To examine the impact of fouling organisms on the growth and survival of the scallop Euvola ziczac L., we maintained 31-34-mm juveniles in pearl nets at 8 m in depth at Turpialito, Golfo de Cariaco, Venezuela. The experiment ran for a 67-d period under four conditions: (1) shells and nets cleaned; (2) shells not cleaned and nets cleaned; (3) shells cleaned and nets not cleaned; and (4) shells and nets not cleaned. The growth of the scallop was least when fouling developed on both the pearl nets and scallop shells. The rate of growth of the shell (height and mass) was strongly affected by organisms colonizing the pearl nets and only weakly affected by organisms colonizing the shells. Fouling organisms on the shells only slightly affected rates of increase of tissue mass, but probably accounted for increased mortality. In developing commercial culture of E. ziczac, strategies need to be developed to limit the adverse effects of fouling on yield. 相似文献
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通过对流动相种类、浓度、p H和泵速等参数进行优化,确立了分析水产动物中不同价态无机砷的基质加标-液相色谱-原子荧光光谱联用测定方法,并应用该法测定了鱼类、虾类、贝类和蟹类等样品中的砷(Ⅲ)和砷(Ⅴ)含量。结果表明,在以p H 5.5、25 mmol·L-1磷酸氢二铵溶液为流动相,泵速为60 r·min-1的检测条件下,砷(Ⅲ)和砷(Ⅴ)的回收率在94.2%~101%之间;鱼、虾、蟹类中的砷(Ⅲ)和砷(Ⅴ)检出率较低,而贝类样品的检出率较高,且不同贝类样品的砷(Ⅲ)和砷(Ⅴ)含量差异较大。通过与外标法在标准曲线、精密度和回收率等方面的比较发现,该法能够较大限度的消除基质效应的影响,校正前处理过程中的误差,对砷(Ⅲ)和砷(Ⅴ)进行准确定量。 相似文献
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本研究在抗压强度为C25的普通混凝土配合比的基础上,采用粗、细扇贝壳对混凝土中的天然骨料部分替代,并对扇贝壳混凝土配合比进行了研究,比较了粗、细扇贝壳替代天然骨料混凝土的工作性能和基本力学性能,并根据山东省2016~2020年的投礁计划,对利用扇贝壳替换人工鱼礁混凝土中天然骨料的固碳潜能及可清理的废弃扇贝壳堆积面积进行估算。结果显示,随着扇贝壳替换天然骨料比例的增加,混凝土的塌落度呈降低趋势。粗扇贝壳替换天然粗骨料混凝土较细扇贝壳替换天然细骨料混凝土的塌落度降幅大;粗扇贝壳替代混凝土中的天然石时,扇贝壳混凝土的抗压性能与基准混凝土基本接近,粗扇贝壳的最佳替代率为40%,28 d抗压强度较基准混凝土提高了7.3%。用细扇贝壳替代混凝土中的天然砂时,可使混凝土的抗压性能较基准混凝土提高幅度较大,最佳替代率为60%,28 d抗压强度较基准混凝土提高了33.5%;以细扇贝壳替换混凝土天然细骨料替换率为50%~70%估算,山东省2016~2020年计划新建的2043万空方人工鱼礁均用此种混凝土制作,可实现礁体固碳量27.54~38.56万t,可减少废弃贝壳陆地堆积面积5.89~8.24 km2,具有很高的生态潜能。 相似文献
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为研究藤壶壳作为生物滤料应用于对虾养殖尾水处理的可行性,通过比较陶瓷环组、聚乙烯(PE)组、藤壶壳组和藤壶壳+PE组4个不同滤料组合的生物挂膜效果,初步评价藤壶壳作为生物滤料的应用价值;通过设定藤壶壳的不同填充率(滤料体积∶尾水体积),研究填充率对对虾塘养殖尾水处理效果的影响。结果显示:藤壶壳组挂膜成功时间较早,水处理效果好;藤壶壳不同填充率对水处理中悬浮物、氨氮(NH_4~+-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2~--N)的处理效果有显著影响,A、B、C、D各组悬浮物在6 h时的去除率分别达(68.7±4.3)%、(74.5±7.0)%、(80.9±4.2)%和(82.1±3.8)%,其中B、C、D组去除率显著高于A组(P0.05);4组的氨氮最终去除率都在92.1%以上,以0.1 mg/L为基准,A组氨氮降至此质量浓度以下需要时间5 d,B、C组4 d,D组3 d,降解速率为D组C组B组A组;4组的亚硝酸盐氮最终去除率都在98.0%以上,以0.1 mg/L为基准,A组的亚硝酸盐氮降至此质量浓度以下需要时间为6 d,B、C、D组需要5 d,降解速率为D组C组B组A组。研究表明:藤虎壳作为生物滤料应用于对虾养殖尾水处理,效果良好,且随着填充率的增大,处理效率增强;但考虑到经济成本和应用实际,建议藤壶壳填充率为2∶9。 相似文献