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直播冬油菜钙、镁、硫养分吸收规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在直播密度为10万株/hm2的甘蓝型油菜华双5号田间定期取样,测定各器官钙、镁、硫的含量,同时计算养分积累量,研究大田直播冬油菜三元素吸收和分配的时空特征。结果表明,油菜活体的钙、镁含量在苗期最高,其后随植株的生长逐渐下降,活体硫含量先增加后降低,在蕾薹期达最大值。根、茎的钙含量随植株生长缓慢降低,镁含量在0~100d（苗期）大幅下降,100~150d（苗后期至蕾薹期）较稳定,150d（蕾薹期）后缓慢下降,硫含量先升高后降低,均在蕾薹期达最大值。绿叶、落叶的钙含量在出苗至花期较稳定,花期后迅速增加,镁含量在花期前缓慢下降,花期后快速增加,硫含量在苗期较稳定,蕾薹期后迅速增加。油菜三元素的总积累量均在角果期达到最大值,分别为247.0、35.8和138.8kg/hm2,而后均有不同程度的下降。根、茎、绿叶的各中量元素积累量均呈先升后降的变化,各养分在根、茎、绿叶中积累达最大值的时期分别为花期、角果期、蕾薹期,三元素规律一致。落叶钙、镁、硫的积累量在收获时达最大值,分别为107.4、9.7、28.0kg/hm2。每生产100kg籽粒钙、镁、硫的最大需求量分别为5.8、0.9、3.2kg。钙、镁、硫各元素苗期主要分配在绿叶中,成熟期则分别主要分配在落叶、籽粒、角壳中。 相似文献
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皖油10号不同施硼水平田间试验结果表明，苗期各器官NPK含量、蕾薹期各器官PK含量、盛花期花蕾和茎NP含量及各器官含B量、成熟期角果和籽粒含K量均随施B量增加（0～0．6mp／kg）而升高，再增加施B量，各元素含量均下降。籽粒NPB含量亦如此，其最大施B量为0．7mg／kg。蕾薹期和盛花期各器官含B量及叶含N量、花蕾含K量均随施B量增加而升高，而苗期植株含B量和盛花期根含N量、茎叶含K量却相反。不同生育期各元素分布是地上部分＞根，其地上部分在盛花期各元素分布是花蕾＞叶＞茎；在成熟期NP主要集中于籽粒，角果次之；KB主要集中于角果，籽粒和茎次之。 相似文献
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通过对气体交换参数及产量的测定和分析,研究了干旱和低磷双重胁迫对油菜不同生育期叶片光合特性的影响。结果表明:油菜在不同生育期受到干旱和低磷胁迫后,叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)会明显降低。在干旱和低磷双重胁迫下,苗期油菜Ci降低、Ls升高,表明气孔限制是导致Pn降低的主要原因;而蕾薹期和花期Ci升高、Ls降低,表明非气孔限制是导致Pn降低的主要原因。对单一的胁迫而言,低磷胁迫对油菜叶片Pn影响最大的时期是蕾薹期,而干旱胁迫对油菜叶片Pn影响最大的时期则是花期;与对照相比,它们均显著降低了油菜的株高、每角粒数、单株有效角果数和单株产量。 相似文献
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甘蓝型油菜对干旱和低磷双重胁迫的生理反应I:叶片气体交换参数及产量 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
通过对气体交换参数及产量的测定和分析,研究了干旱和低磷双重胁迫对油菜不同生育期叶片光合特性的影响.结果表明:油菜在不同生育期受到干旱和低磷胁迫后,叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)会明显降低.在干旱和低磷双重胁迫下,苗期油菜Ci降低、Ls升高,表明气孔限制是导致Pn降低的主要原因;而蕾薹期和花期Ci升高、Ls降低,表明非气孔限制是导致Pn降低的主要原因.对单一的胁迫而言,低磷胁迫对油菜叶片Pn影响最大的时期是蕾薹期,而干旱胁迫对油菜叶片Pn影响最大的时期则是花期;与对照相比,它们均显著降低了油菜的株高、每角粒数、单株有效角果数和单株产量. 相似文献
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为评价和利用种间杂交的抗旱新种质,以24份甘芥(甘蓝型油菜和芥菜型油菜)种间杂交后代DH株系为材料,在全生育期降水量约60mm的情况下,设置正常灌水、苗期干旱胁迫、薹花期干旱胁迫、角果生长期干旱胁迫4个处理,考察产量及与产量相关的4个农艺性状和5个品质性状,应用抗旱指数法、灰色关联度综合分析法结合聚类分析,筛选优异的抗旱种质资源。结果表明,多数甘芥杂交后代材料抗旱性均高于常规甘蓝型品种,其中角果生长期、苗期更显著,共获得10份抗旱性较强的材料,其中2份在全生育期抗旱性均较强。3个时期抗旱性相关分析表明,苗期和薹花期抗旱性显著相关,而角果生长期和苗期、薹花期的相关性不显著。在苗期、薹花期、角果生长期的任一时期发生干旱均能严重影响油菜地上部鲜重、株高、芥酸及油酸含量,同时薹花期发生干旱对产量影响最大,其次为苗期。植株在苗期、薹花期、角果生长期的抗旱性与地上部鲜重呈极显著正相关,薹花期抗旱性与株高呈极显著正相关。 相似文献
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高含油量油菜种子和果皮油份积累及主要脂肪酸的动态变化 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以高含油量油菜品系为材料,研究角果发育过程中种子和果皮油份积累与主要脂肪酸的动态变化。结果表明：高含油量品种在角果发育早期油份的合成与积累较为缓慢,开花后20d种子含油率仅占成熟种子油份含量的8.35%-12.32%,角果发育中期是油份含量增加最快的时期,开花后40d种子含油率占成熟种子油份含量的72.89%-94.73%,籽粒成熟时油份含量达到最大值。果皮的油份积累与种子相反,随角果发育油份含量依次下降,两者呈极显著负相关,相关系数为-0.95。种子和果皮的二十碳烯酸、芥酸合成规律明显不同。种子的7种主要脂肪酸组成中芥酸和二十碳烯酸与16碳、18碳脂肪酸含量均呈负相关,亚麻酸和亚油酸与棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸含量均呈正相关,与油酸含量H2和H27为正相关,H1和H28为负相关。而油酸与其它脂肪酸的相关关系较为复杂,与棕榈酸、硬脂酸和亚油酸、亚麻酸的相关关系有正相关,也有负相关,可见油酸的合成与积累不仅与棕榈酸、硬脂酸有关,还会影响亚油酸和亚麻酸的含量,这是创新油菜高油酸材料的基础。 相似文献
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杂交油菜内源激素的变化特征与杂种优势关系初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用酶联免疫法研究了油菜杂种优势与内源激素变化特征的关系，结果表明杂交油菜与常规油莱相比，苗期叶片ＧＡ含量高，ＡＢＡ含量低，营养生长旺盛．杂种优势明显；越冬期叶片ＧＡ含量低，ＡＢＡ含量高，生长缓慢，植株细胞液浓度高，抗寒性强；茎期叶片ＧＡ、ＡＢＡ含量均低，ＧＡ／ＡＢＡ仍然低；薹茎中ＧＡ／ＡＢＡ高，有利于抽薹开花，促进生殖生长。 相似文献
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在秦油２号和当地白菜型油菜品种花籽的根、茎、叶中．含硼量的高峰期出现在初薹期至盛蕾期，含铜的高峰出现在盛蕾期至初花期．秦油２号根、茎、叶中锌含量的高峰期是在初花期。 相似文献
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针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。 相似文献
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以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。 相似文献
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Sena L.P. VanderJagt D.J. Rivera C. Tsin A.T.C. Muhamadu I. Mahamadou O. Millson M. Pastuszyn A. Glew R.H. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1998,52(1):17-30
In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply. 相似文献
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通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT50)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。 相似文献
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1 吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切 相似文献
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Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods. 相似文献
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M. D. Harrison Gestur Johnson R. D. Barmington 《American Journal of Potato Research》1970,47(10):386-393
A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly. 相似文献
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P. Mésochina W. Martin-Rosset † J.-L. Peyraud ‡ P. Duncan § D. Micol† S. Boulot¶ 《Grass and Forage Science》1998,53(2):189-196
Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R2= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r2= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r2= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r2= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands. 相似文献
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橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。 相似文献