共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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糜子的小孢子发生与花粉发育 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
观察结果表明,糜子小孢子发生与花粉发育的细胞学过程,与稻麦等禾本科作物相似:减数分裂属顺序型,一般形成等面形四分体;也观察到线形、T形及各种倾斜形的四分体;小孢子经两次有丝分裂发育成三核型花粉粒;成熟的花粉粒为球形,具一个萌发孔,直径48(45～52)μm.花粉发育过程中,生殖细胞的运动、淀粉积累时期及花粉粒体积增大动态的观察结果与一些报道不同.糜子的小孢子发生和花粉发育与花药长度存在密切关系,而花药长度随时间呈S形增长方式.本文利用上述关系求得小孢子发生与花粉发育各阶段的经历时间. 相似文献
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利用花粉离体萌发法探索适合铁筷子花粉离体萌发的培养基,测定并比较了供试铁筷子花粉的生活力;利用Hitachi TM3000型扫描电子显微镜对铁筷子花粉粒进行形态观察。结果表明:0.5%琼脂+10%蔗糖+30 mg/L硼酸+30 mg/L氯化钙是最适宜铁筷子花粉萌发的离体培养基,野生铁筷子花粉育性明显强于园艺品种。铁筷子花粉粒为长球形,具3条萌发沟,等间距环状分布,属于N_3P_4C_5型花粉,极面观为三裂圆形或近三瓣形,同时在花粉粒大小、邻孔脊宽、单位面积穿孔数和外壁纹饰上存在显著差异,主成分分析和聚类分析均能很好地区分野生铁筷子与园艺品种。花粉粒的形态特征和花粉育性可为铁筷子种和品种间鉴别和杂交育种提供重要依据。 相似文献
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开花期高温胁迫对水稻花粉粒性状及结实率的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探明花期高温胁迫对水稻花器官及结实率的影响。利用人工气候箱在水稻抽穗开花期对特青及其渗入系YIL106进行高温处理,研究结果表明,高温胁迫下热敏感渗入系YIL106的花粉活力、花粉萌发率、柱头上花粉粒数、花药开裂系数和结实率降低幅度均大于耐热品种特青。表明高温胁迫下,水稻的花粉活力、花粉萌发率、柱头上花粉粒数、花药开裂系数、以及结实率都比常温条件下要低,且高温胁迫对热敏感品系的花粉粒性状及结实率影响更大。 相似文献
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朝鲜白头翁小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了寻找朝鲜白头翁小孢子发育时期的鉴定方法以及探讨小孢子发育时期与花器形态的相关性,采用常规石蜡切片法,对朝鲜白头翁小孢子发育时期的细胞学以及小孢子不同发育时期与花蕾大小的关系进行了研究。结果表明：朝鲜白头翁每个花药具4个花粉囊,小孢子母细胞减数分裂属同时型,小孢子在四分体中的排列属四面体型。成熟花粉粒属2-细胞型,并有3个萌发沟。花粉囊壁由4层细胞构成,即表皮（1层）、药室内壁（1层）、中层（1~2层）、绒毡层（1层）。绒毡层发育属腺质型（或分泌型）,出现多核现象。朝鲜白头翁小孢子发育时期与花蕾的外部形态特征、花药颜色有一定的相关性。小孢子处于单核期时花蕾长度在1.10~1.20 cm,花萼外侧颜色为紫红色,花药的颜色为黄色,花丝的长度为0.4~0.5 cm。朝鲜白头翁同一花蕾不同花药小孢子的发育存在一定程度的渐续性。 相似文献
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山茶属植物花粉粒生殖细胞形态的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
用光学显微镜对茶组、油茶组和红山茶组植物共10份材料的花粉粒生殖细胞进行了形态观察。结果表明,山茶属植物花粉粒中含有生殖细胞和营养细胞,生殖细胞较小,呈长纺锤形,游离在营养细胞中,生殖细胞极轴两端的细胞膜和核膜与营养细胞的细胞膜相连,其中一端的连结处位于花粉粒萌发孔附近。生殖细胞核长3.5~20.0μm,形状有长棒状、较长棒状、短棒状、近楔形和楔形5种类型。笔者探讨了光学显微镜下观察山茶属花粉粒生殖细胞形态的方法,并根据山茶属植物花粉粒生殖细胞核的形状及大小变化,对其演化的趋势进行了讨论。 相似文献
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利用电镜扫描观察10个八仙花品种的花粉粒,根据花粉粒的形状、长短轴比、萌发沟特征、纹饰特征、极面特征等分析八仙花不同品种间以及孕性花粉粒形态特征的差异性.结果 表明,八仙花可孕花的花粉粒均为长球体,除了'无尽夏'和'奥塔克萨'不孕花花粉粒为超长球体外,其他也为长球体,均具3条萌发沟,沟长裂至两极,属于N3P4C5型花粉;花粉粒极面形状有差异,'无尽夏'、'奥塔克萨'、'蒙娜丽莎'、'头花'和'初恋'极面观为三裂圆形,其他品种极面观为钝三角形;不同品种花粉粒的萌发沟长度与萌发沟脊面宽也存在差异,仅'玫红妈妈'不同孕性花粉粒具有显著性差异.外壁纹饰均为孔穴状,其孔穴大小、形状以及分布特征不同,但是同一品种的不同孕性花粉粒形态特征并无差异.综上所述,花粉粒的外壁纹饰可作为八仙花品种鉴定的依据之一,但是不能作为花粉孕性的鉴别依据. 相似文献
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为了认识北沙参的花粉粒形态特征和生理特性,利用离体培养法测定花粉粒活性,并对培养条件(蔗糖的质量分数、硼酸的质量浓度和氯化钙的质量浓度)进行筛选,同时与碘-碘化钾(I2-KI)、氯化三苯基四氮唑(TTC法)和亚甲基蓝等花粉活性测定方法进行比较,建立测定北沙参花粉活性的最适宜方法,利用离体培养法进一步检测保存时间、温度和湿度等对北沙参花粉活性的影响,应用扫描电镜观察花粉粒的大小形态等特征。结果表明,亚甲基蓝法适于北沙参花粉粒活性测定,I2-KI法和TTC法不适合。北沙参体外萌发的最适培养基是20%蔗糖+0.1%mg·mL^-1硼酸+0.1%mg·mL^-1氯化钙,萌发率可达72.9%。北沙参花粉在湿度15%~52%,25℃条件下活性最好,4℃、-20℃的低温或大于60%的湿度都会导致花粉活性降低。北沙参花粉粒形态为超长方形,具3个狭长萌发沟,表面为网状。 相似文献
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Thomas Björkman 《Euphytica》1995,83(1):47-52
Summary Flowers of cultivated buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) often receive natural pollen loads of fewer than 10 pollen grains. The cultivated varieties also have high genetic variability. These observations raise the question of whether seed production in buckwheat is often limited by pollen delivery, and whether small increases in pollen load could result in gametophytic selection through pollen grain competition. In greenhouse-grown buckwheat plants, embryo sac penetration by pollen tubes was universal with 10 or more pollen grains. However, seed production increased with pollen load up to 30 grains per flower. Larger pollen loads, which intensify selection among gametophytes, resulted in more vigorous progeny. Seedlings produced from high pollen load (15–20 pollen grains) were larger (40% by weight) than those from low pollen load (5 pollen grains). These results are evidence that pollen grain competition can occur in buckwheat with benefits for progeny performance. 相似文献
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以陆地棉品种苏棉22号的花粉为材料,研究棉花花粉粒脱外壁和检测花粉粒内部核DNA状态的方法。花粉粒经4%多聚甲醛固定后,通过10%次氯酸钠水溶液氧化、55℃热激30 min、压片等系列程序可将花粉粒的外壁完全脱去,分离出完整的脱外壁花粉粒。用DNA荧光染料DAPI分别对陆地棉花粉粒和脱外壁花粉粒进行染色,在荧光显微镜和激光扫描共聚焦显微镜下观察花粉粒的内部核结构。没有脱外壁的花粉粒的内部核结构难以被观察到,而脱外壁花粉粒的核DNA结构清晰可见,内壁几乎无荧光。首次发现陆地棉的成熟花粉粒为三核花粉粒。 相似文献
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Summary Selection among microgametophytes usually exploits variation in pollen grain germination. Studies of variation in pollen grain size in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) suggested that selection for size might lead to changes in sporophytic traits. To determine whether microgametophytic selection based on size would affect pollen grain size in subsequent generations or sporophytic traits that were correlated with pollen grain size, pollen grains from three crosses were separated into two size categories by sieving and then used to pollinate cv. Diacol Calima. Selection resulted in changes in pollen grain diameter for pollen from F1, F2 and F3 plants for all crosses. In vitro germination indicated no differences between vigor of large and small grains, but extraction and sieving reduced germinability. F1 seed from two of the crosses with size-selected pollen varied in weight according to pollen grain size, but in subsequent generations, the effect disappeared. Both size categories of selected pollen resulted in F2 progeny with reduced numbers of seeds per pod as compared to controls, suggesting that the size selection process may have resulted in indirect selection for traits reducing seed set. The overall results suggested that genes determining pollen grain size in bean have little or no effect on sporophytic traits such as seed size and seed yield. 相似文献
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Summary Plants of Lolium perenne, L. multiflorum and L. hybridum (331, 51 and 18, respectively) were screened for 2n pollen production. The screening was based on the size differences that are expected to be found between n and 2n pollen of a plant. It was found that 28 plants of perennial ryegrass-belonging to 13 cultivars-produced produced pollen grains of heterogenous size (big and small). The estimated frequency of big pollen grain production was higher than 10% in ten out of 28 plants and in three of them it reached a value of 100%. Eight plants obtained from two 4x × 2x crosses, in which the male parent had been previously identified as producing pollen grains of heterogenous size, was tetraploid. The cytological mechanism of big pollen grain formation observed in three plants consists in the lack of spindle formation and, consequently, of chromosome migration in anaphase II. From these breeding and cytological results, it was concluded that the big pollen grains observed were viable 2n pollen grains. The nuclei of the 2n pollen grains produced by this mechanism are genetically equivalent to those formed by the restitution of the second meiotic division. The value of these gametophytes in a breeding program of Lolium is discussed. 相似文献
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Summary 1. Anther tissue and pollen grains of cytoplasmic male sterile and fertile wheat were studied with the aid of an electron-microscope for differences in cytoplasmic structures.2. Clear and consistently occurring cytoplasmic differences were not observed, although unidentifiable particles were discovered in both the sterile and the fertile material.3. Male sterility finds expression in the small number of organelles in the sterile pollen grains which consequently are little or hardly physiologically active and thus subject to a rather rapid degeneration. On the contrary the fertile pollen grains are full of cell organelles and therefore well equipped for a complete development.4. The fertile pollen grain contains a clear intine which is thicker than the exine. Only a very thin intine was observed in the sterile material.5. Male sterility has no visible influence on exine formation. Ubisch bodies occur in the anthers of both male sterile and fertile plants. There is no sign of any contribution to exine formation on the part of the Ubisch bodies. There was more evidence of exine formation from within than from without. The normality of exine formation of sterile pollen grains need not indicate exine formation from without; it suggests rather that exine is largely formed before degeneration. 相似文献
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To obtain a C1-population with a high percentage of tetraploids after colchicine treatment of turnips, a selection in the C0 can be used. A comparison is made between two criteria for this selection, viz. the average pollen grain size and the variation in pollen grain size.C0-selection on the basis of the average pollen grain size of five pollen grains per plant reduced the number of diploids in the C1 considerably. When the variation in pollen grain size of these five pollen grains is included as a selection-criterion the number of tetraploids in the C1 increased.The two methods are discussed in the light of the working efficiency and the genetical variation in the tetraploid C1-population. It is concluded that the character of the initial material should govern the choice of the selection criterion. 相似文献
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通过对台党参和潞党参的植物学特征的调查,花粉扫描电镜观察.根导管解剖构造电镜观察,种子表皮纹饰扫描电镜观察以及正反交杂交试验,发现二者在植物学特征、主根环纹长度、花粉极/赤比及表面纹饰、根系导管形态等方面均存在着明显差异,尤其是交配不实,说明二者不是一个类型. 相似文献
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花期高温胁迫对水稻花药生理特性及花粉性状的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为探明花期高温胁迫对水稻花器官的影响机制,以耐热水稻品系996和热敏感水稻品系4628为材料,在人工气候室进行高温(8:00~17:00,37℃;17:00~次日8:00,30℃)和适温处理(8:00~17:00, 30℃;17:00~次日8:00,25℃), 研究高温胁迫对水稻花药抗氧化酶活性、膜透性、MDA含量及花粉性状等生理特性的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫下,水稻花药中SOD、POD、CAT、AsA-POD活性在高温胁迫初期均明显增加,尔后快速下降,耐热品系996这四种酶活性增幅大于热敏感品系4628;热敏感品系4628花药中MDA含量和膜透性在高温胁迫下增幅大于耐热性品系996;高温胁迫导致花药开裂、花粉萌发率和柱头上花粉粒数的显著下降,花粉粒直径增大。但耐热品系996的前3项参数显著高于热敏感品系4628。高温胁迫下水稻花药中保持较高抗氧化酶活性、较好的花粉散落特性和花粉萌发特性及较低的膜透性和MDA含量,是品种耐高温的生理基础。 相似文献