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1.
Séguin B Walsh PJ Mason DR Wisner ER Parmenter JL Dernell WS 《Veterinary surgery : VS》2003,32(1):69-79
OBJECTIVE: To develop a surgical technique for using the distal aspect of the ulna as a transposition autograft in a distal radial defect and to assess patency of vascular supply and viability of the distal ulna in a heterotopic position. STUDY DESIGN: Cadaveric study and clinical cases. ANIMALS: Twenty-two normal canine thoracic limbs; 3 dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma. METHODS: The arteries and veins of 12 limbs were injected with latex. Barium sulfate suspension was injected into the brachial artery of 10 other limbs after removal of the distal radius only (n = 2), ulna transposition (UT) (n = 6), or no procedure (n = 2). The distal ulna grafts were then harvested and decalcified in formic acid. The grafts were cut into 3-5 mm transverse sections and radiographed with a nonscreen film system to determine filling of intramedullary vessels with barium suspension. UT was performed in 3 dogs with distal radial osteosarcoma. Bone scintigraphy was performed 2-7 days after surgery to assess viability of the transposed ulna graft. RESULTS: Angiography confirmed patency of the caudal interosseous artery in all but 2 limbs in which the UT technique was performed; however, barium-filled vessels were identified in the medullary cavity of all ulnar grafts. Scintigraphy confirmed graft viability in the 3 dogs, all of which had good to excellent limb function. CONCLUSIONS: The distal aspect of the canine ulna can be used as a vascularized transposition autograft to replace distal radial defects, and viability can be maintained. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The UT technique appears to be an acceptable limb-sparing technique for dogs with tumors of the distal aspect of the radius. 相似文献
2.
LYNDELL LEVITT bs dvm mvsc J. DAVID FOWLER bs dvm mvsc MIKE LONGLEY mb ChB VAUGHAN BOWEN mb ChB frcsc A. A. WILKINSON mb frcpc 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(4):194-202
An autogenous free vascular bone transfer using a segment of ulna along with its periosteum and vascular pedicle was developed. The vascular pedicle, based on the common interosseous artery and vein, emerged where muscular branches from the cranial interosseous artery enter the extensor carpi ulnaris and lateral digital extensor muscles. Four autogenous heterotopic (ulna to tibia) vascular transfers by microvascular anastomosis and two avascular transfers were performed to compare the osteogenic potential and viability of free revascularized grafts with avascular bone grafts. Successful microvascular anastomosis was demonstrated in three of the four vascular transfers by early bone scanning using technetium-labeled polyphosphate. Radiographically, there was more periosteal new bone and callus formation in the successfully revascularized bone transfers than in the failed vascular transfer and the avascular controls. Histologically, viable bone with an intact medullary and periosteal vascular supply was recognized in the grafts successfully revascularized by microvascular anastomosis. 相似文献
3.
The developing vascular architecture of the metacarpus of the foal was studied by a bone-clearing technique. For this technique Microfil was used to demonstrate the periosteal, cortical and medullary vessel distribution. Superficial and deep periosteal vessels were observed. A stratified arrangement of cortical vessels, derived from medullary vessels was shown. Ascending and descending medullary arteries originated from the nutrient artery and traversed the bone medulla towards the epiphyses. Along their course through the medulla, smaller vessels were given off that ran towards the metaphyses and gave rise to numerous sinusoids. Vessels were observed crossing the growth plate in the distal metacarpus. By using the information obtained from this investigation further studies can be initiated that could determine the periosteal contribution to cortical blood flow as it relates to sequestration of bone. 相似文献
4.
DAVID SZENTIMREY DVM MVSc DAVID FOWLER DVM MVSc Diplomate ACVS GEOFFREY JOHNSTON BSc MD FRCSC ALEX WILKINSON MA MB BChir MSc FRCPC 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1995,24(3):215-225
An autogenous free vascular bone graft of the canine distal ulna was evaluated. The vascularity of the graft was based on a musculoperiosteal sheath supplied solely by the caudal interosseous artery and vein. Four autogenous heterotopic (ulna to tibia) vascular transfers were performed. Two avascular transfers were performed to provide baseline criteria from which the success of vascularized transfers could be assessed. Clinical lameness evaluation, serial radiographs, bone scintigraphy, and sequential fluorochrome bone labeling were performed after surgery in both vascular and avascular transfers. All dogs were free of lameness in the donor limb by the 26th postoperative day. Serial radiographs revealed rapid graft incorporation and hypertrophy in all vascularized grafts and severe bone resorption in nonvascularized grafts. Histology, microangiography, and evaluation of fluorochrome bone labels were performed 90 days after surgery to determine graft viability, incorporation and temporal remodeling patterns. Microangiography and fluorochrome assessment complemented the histological findings. Based on these findings the distal ulnar bone graft was determined to be both viable and structurally adequate for selected cases of long bone reconstruction. 相似文献
5.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether medullary reaming alone, or followed by cemented hemiarthroplasty, influenced porosity, vascularity, and new bone formation in the proximal portion of the femur in dogs. ANIMALS: 12 adult mixed-breed dogs. PROCEDURE: Unilateral femoral head and neck excisions were performed, followed by femoral medullary reaming in 6 dogs and femoral medullary reaming and cemented hemiarthroplasty in 6 dogs; the contralateral femur was used as a control. All dogs were euthanatized 28 days after surgery, and femurs were harvested. Vascularity, porosity, and new bone formation were quantified for all femurs of dogs from both groups at 3 proximal-to-distal levels, 3 regions (periosteal, midcortical, and endosteal), and 4 quadrants (cranial, caudal, medial, and lateral) of the femur. RESULTS: Medullary reamed and cemented hemiarthroplasty femurs had significant increases in vascularity and porosity at all levels and in new bone formation at levels 2 and 3. Porosity was increased significantly in the periosteal region of the cemented hemiarthroplasty (9.7+/-0.7%), compared with control (2.3+/-0.2%) and medullary reamed (8.4+/-0.7%) femurs. Porosity was increased in the caudal and medial quadrants in the medullary reamed and cemented hemiarthroplasty femurs; vascularity results were similar. CONCLUSION: Increased porosity, vascularity, and new bone formation in reamed and cemented hemiarthroplasty-treated femurs supports the theory that surgical trauma associated with medullary reaming is an important factor in early cortical bone loss after hip arthroplasty. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Femoral remodeling associated with reaming and broaching is appreciable but may be only a temporary response, whereas other factors may be responsible for chronic cortical bone loss. 相似文献
6.
Three diameters of wire were placed circumferentially around the femora of six 22 week old puppies. The wires were placed over the periosteum on one limb and under the periosteum on the other limb. The effect of the wires on actively growing bone was evaluated 3 and 8 weeks after placement. Diffuse growth of periosteal new bone occurred in immature dog femora in which cerclage were placed under the periosteum. This reaction corresponded with dramatically increased medullary and periosteal microvascularity coupled with histologic active trabecular bone formation. In femora in which wires were placed over the periosteum, even though the placement of the wires should supposedly have been the most detrimental, there were active vessels within the cortex directly under all wires. In both preparations, cerclage wires were becoming encased in the growing cortical bone 8 weeks after placement. Cerclage wires did not devitalize immature bone nor did it restrict adjacent appositional bone growth. 相似文献
7.
OBJECTIVE: To describe the vascular supply to a facial skin flap based at the commissure of the lip in the dog and report on its use in four dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Experimental and prospective clinical study. Animals Five canine cadavers and four client-owned dogs. METHODS: In the cadavers, the ventral aspect of the zygomatic arch, the ventral margin of the caudal mandible and the wing of the atlas were marked as anatomical boundaries of a skin flap that was elevated from the subcutaneous tissues to the level of the medial canthus of the eye. Methylene blue dye and barium sulphate solution were independently infused through a common carotid (three dogs) or facial artery (two dogs) catheter. Distribution of dye throughout the harvested skin was assessed subjectively. After contrast infusion the flap was excised and radiographed. The technique was used to reconstruct large facial or nasal defects in four dogs after tumour or skin lesion excision. RESULTS: Cadaver dissections and contrast studies clearly demonstrated three direct cutaneous arteries, the superior and inferior labial arteries and the angularis oris artery, arborising within the base of the flap. A separate direct cutaneous branch of the angularis oris artery was identified. An arterial plexus was identified within the distal flap, within which this artery communicates with the transverse facial artery and a cutaneous branch of the masseteric artery. Dye infusion caused discolouration of the elevated skin and vasculature within the flap. The flap survived in all clinical cases with marginal distal necrosis in one dog. CONCLUSIONS: The complex facial flap described is perfused by three direct cutaneous arteries and functions reliably in clinical cases. 相似文献
8.
Livingston CK Dart AJ Dowling BA Dart CM Hodgson DR 《Australian veterinary journal》2001,79(12):821-824
Two alpaca crias and one 14-month-old alpaca were referred for treatment of bilateral carpal valgus. In one cria, hemi-circumferential periosteal transection and elevation combined with an ulna osteotomy was performed initially without success, however transphyseal bridging with screws and wires was used successfully in both crias to straighten the limbs. As the distal radial and ulna growth plates had closed in the 14-month-old alpaca, bilateral wedge ostectomies of the distal radius and transfixation casts were used to straighten and stabilise the limbs. The ostectomy sites healed and the alpaca is ambulatory, although carpal flexion is significantly reduced. Until the relationship between the growth rate of crias and the success of hemicircumferential periosteal transection and elevation and ulna osteotomy is established, transphyseal bridging may provide a more reliable result in crias with carpal valgus deformity and open physes. Wedge ostectomy and application of a transfixation cast can be used to correct severe carpal valgus deformities in alpacas with closed physes. 相似文献
9.
M. J. Hann G. Rocchigiani R. Verin P. Milner C. Robinson M. Castro Martins 《Equine Veterinary Education》2021,33(11):e423-e428
An 8-year-old Warmblood-cross mare presented for investigation of acute onset left hindlimb lameness. Nuclear scintigraphy identified a marked, focal, increase in radiopharmaceutical uptake in the distal aspect of the left tibia. Radiography revealed a large, oval, multi-loculated radiolucent area within the medulla of the distal metaphysis of the left tibia. The mare was treated conservatively for 6 months but showed little improvement in the lameness so the owner elected for euthanasia. Post-mortem computed tomographic imaging revealed a large, oval, hypoattenuating area within the distal tibia, surrounded by a thick, irregular, sclerotic border. The lesion occupied the majority of the medullary cavity but the cortical bone was unaffected. Gross and histopathological examination confirmed a diagnosis of a bone infarction in the medullary cavity of the distal tibia. 相似文献
10.
This study concerns the vestigial metacarpal and metatarsal bones, so called splint bones. The soft tissues, which stabilize the splint bones were carefully examined. The palmar metacarpal/plantar metatarsal fascia, the metacarpal/metatarsal interosseous ligaments and the fibres, which exit distally from the splint bone, were examined in depth. Cadaveric distal limbs were collected from 5 slaughtered or euthanized horses. The legs were examined both, microscopically and macroscopically. The palmar metacarpal/plantar metatarsal fascia is a very stable structure, which connects the splint bone with its environment. The connection between splint and McIII/MtIII, established through the metacarpal/ metatarsal interosseous ligaments, showed impressive differences between specimens examined. Macroscopic examination of the soft tissue in the distal region showed a band structure, which originates from the distal end of the splint bone and extends in dorsal and distal direction towards the proximal sesamoid bone. 相似文献
11.
12.
Pettitt R Fox R Comerford EJ Newitt A 《Veterinary and comparative orthopaedics and traumatology》2012,25(2):149-154
A four-month-old West Highland White Terrier was presented to the Small Animal Teaching Hospital at the University of Liverpool with the complaint of a bilateral angular carpal deformity. A 20° valgus deformity was present in both thoracic limbs, centred on the distal radial physes. Both distal ulnas were grossly thickened and there was concomitant thickening of the rostral mandible and calvarium. The dog exhibited signs of resentment on palpation of the mandible and signs of pain were elicited on flexion and extension of both elbow joints. No signs of pain were evident on palpation of the ulnas or calvarium. Radiographic images of both ulnas showed marked amorphous periosteal new bone formation. The distal ulnar physes were closed centrally and both elbow joints had humeroulnar subluxation. Radiographic changes to the calvarium and mandibular rami were consistent with a diagnosis of craniomandibular osteopathy. A bilateral ulna ostectomy was performed to correct the angular limb deformity and elbow subluxations. Histology of the ostectomised pieces showed changes consistent with craniomandibular osteopathy. 相似文献
13.
Caudal Sartorius Muscle Flap in the Dog 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. JOY WEINSTEIN vmd MICHAEL M. PAVLETIC dvm Diplomateacvs RANDY J. BOUDRIEAU dvm Diplomateacvs 《Veterinary surgery : VS》1988,17(4):203-210
An anatomic study was performed on canine cadavers to define the blood supply to the caudal sartorius muscle. The vascular supply to this muscle was segmental with the saphenous artery and vein providing a distal vascular pedicle. Anastomotic channels existed between distal and proximal capillary beds within the muscle belly. This anatomic information was used to determine the feasibility of performing caudal sartorius muscle flaps in dogs. The caudal sartorius muscle was transposed to the medial tibial region in four dogs. The muscle flap was based on a singular vascular pedicle of the saphenous artery and vein. The muscle transpositions were all successful on day 14 as evidenced by gross appearance and results of histologic examination. Grossly, the muscles were well adhered to the recipient sites and were covered by connective tissue. Histologically, the specimens were characterized by viable skeletal muscle fibers, large amounts of granulation tissue, varying degrees of inflammatory response, and small foci of myocyte necrosis (2 cases). Seroma formation was a consistent postoperative complication. 相似文献
14.
S A Levine D F Smith N J Wilsman D S Kolb 《American journal of veterinary research》1987,48(8):1295-1299
The blood vasculature of the bovine jejunum and proximal part of the ileum was studied in 20 mature dairy cows at slaughter. The cranial mesenteric artery and vein supplied the jejunum and ileum, and their major branches were present in all specimens and supplied similar regions of the intestinal tract. Proximal branches of the cranial mesenteric artery were pancreatic arteries, caudal pancreaticoduodenal artery, middle colic artery, and ileocolic artery. A large collateral branch arose from the proximal segment of the cranial mesenteric artery, anastomosing with the continuation of the cranial mesenteric artery distally along the jejunum. Jejunal arteries arose from the continuation of the cranial mesenteric artery, forming a series of anastomosing arches. Straight vessels arising from these arches did not branch or anastomose before entering the serosal layer of the intestine. The proximal part of the ileum was supplied by branches from the continuation of the cranial mesenteric artery; these branches anastomosed with the mesenteric ileal (ilei mesenterialis) artery, a branch of the ileocolic artery. The venous supply paralleled the arterial supply in all specimens. 相似文献
15.
The vascular organisation of the hind limb claws from clinically normal cattle was studied using plastic corrosion casts. The proper digital artery ran dorsodistally within the interdigital space and gave off a bulbar branch to the bulb, a plantar branch to the axial aspect of the wall and sole, and a coronary artery to the coronary margin and proximal wall. The artery entered the distal phalanx at the axial foramen, coursed through the nutrient canal as the terminal arch, and emerged at the abaxial foramen to anastomose with branches of the bulbar artery. During its interosseous course, the terminal branch gave off 6-8 primary branches which provided the arterial supply to the coronary margin, axial and abaxial wall, white zone and sole. The dorsal proper digital vein and axial and abaxial proper plantar digital veins drained all venous blood from the claw. Each of these large veins arose from numerous smaller veins which joined to form the venous networks of the coronary margin, wall, sole and bulb. A large arched vein passed through the coronary cushion and formed a connection between the superficial coronary venous plexus and the intra-osseous plexus of the distal phalanx. The axial and abaxial proper plantar digital veins were connected by a vessel through the bulbar cushion. At the same level, the axial proper plantar digital veins of the lateral and medial claw were connected to each other by a large vessel through the interdigital space, situated just proximal to the distal interdigital ligaments. This resulted in the presence of a complete distal venous arch along the plantar aspects of both claws. The parietal collecting veins drained most of the venous blood from the sole, white zone and wall, and connected directly to the venous plexuses of the coronary margin and bulb. Valves occurred commonly in medium and larger calibre veins throughout the claw. 相似文献
16.
A recently described metaphyseal irregularity of the radius and ulna was diagnosed radiographically in a significant proportion of Newfoundland dogs during the course of a large study. This case report describes the pathological picture of a Newfoundland dog with these radiographic changes. The lesions in the distal radius and ulna were characterized by focal, longitudinal striations of sclerosis of the bone marrow cavity, surrounding thin trabeculae of primary spongiosa of the distal metaphysis. It is suggested that these lesions represent a sclerosing dysplasia not previously described in dogs, but with some similarities to the human disorder, osteopathia striata. 相似文献
17.
R M Archer W A Lindsay D F Smith J W Wilson 《American journal of veterinary research》1989,50(6):893-897
The vasculature of 22 small colons from dead adult ponies was perfused with latex or barium sulphate solution. The vascular anatomy was studied by use of dissection and alkali digestion of the latex specimens and microangiography of the barium sulphate-perfused specimens. The small colon is supplied by the caudal mesenteric artery. The left colic artery arises from the caudal mesenteric artery, which then becomes the cranial rectal artery. Branches from the left colic and cranial rectal arteries form anastomosing arcades that become narrower distally along the length of the small colon. From these arcades arise terminal arteries, which enter the small colon wall and give rise to a subserosal, an intermuscular, and a large submucosal plexus, with frequent anastomoses between them. The venous drainage closely parallels the arterial supply, except near to its origin from the portal vein, when the left colic vein and caudal mesenteric vein are separate from the corresponding arteries. 相似文献
18.
J R Paul-Murphy J P Morgan J R Snyder M E Fowler 《Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association》1991,198(12):2107-2111
Twenty-eight llamas with a mean age of 6.2 months had bilateral forelimb valgus deformities. The range of valgus deformity, as measured on a craniocaudal radiographic view, was 6 to 25 degrees, with a similar degree of deviation in each limb. Morphologic abnormalities in the distal portion of the radius and ulna were more prominent in the ulna and included metaphyseal and epiphyseal flaring, physeal ectasia, and metaphyseal sclerosis. Distal radial epiphyseal ectasia, and metaphyseal sclerosis. Distal radial epiphyseal wedging was believed to be secondary to the ulnar deformity. Radial bowing with lateral and caudal concavity and unequal cortical thickness was evident. Epiphyseal and metaphyseal flaring with physeal ectasia was noticed in the distal portion of the third and fourth metacarpal bones. Carpal bones were unaffected. 相似文献
19.
The occurrence of vascular networks in the superficial layers of articular cartilage of 51 bovine fetuses (10-93 cm CRL) and 3 calves was studied grossly and histologically. The networks were found regularly on the incisura trochlearis of the ulna, on the trochlea of the radius and talus, on the plantar articular surface of the head of the talus, on the proximal articular surface of the fused central and 4th tarsal bones, and less regularly on the articular surfaces of the distal phalanx and distal sesamoid (navicular) bone and on the cochlea of the tibia. The vessels coursed in the superficial stratum of the articular cartilage and were encountered in those places where synovial fossae or villi are found later. The vessels were not present in the calves. 相似文献
20.
López García M López Beceiro AM Valcárcel Juárez V Mu?oz Guzón F González Cantalapiedra A 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2011,42(4):552-557
External skeletal fixation is generally considered the best stabilization technique for immobilizing avian long bone fractures, but one of its major complications is the failure of bone-fixation pin interface or the loss of holding power. Consequently, this study is aimed at elucidating which pin design offers more pull-out strength in certain bones of the common buzzard (Buteo buteo). To achieve this objective, three pin designs (a smooth design and two negative profile threaded designs, with different thread pitch) were placed in five positions along the femur and ulna of the common buzzard. The pin pull-out strength was measured with the purpose of comparing medullary and pneumatic bones, insertion sites, and pin designs. Threaded pins with negative profile showed greater holding power than smooth pins (P < 0.05). When comparing holding power between the ulna and femur, no differences were found for smooth pins, whereas threaded pins showed more pull-out strength in the ulna than in the femur (P < 0.05). There were no differences observed related to pin location along the same bone when considering the same pin type. These results suggest that negative profile threaded pins have more holding power than smooth pins and that pneumatic bones provide less pull-out strength to negative profile threaded pins than medullary bones. 相似文献