共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Whittaker JM Müller RD Leitchenkov G Stagg H Sdrolias M Gaina C Goncharov A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5847):83-86
A marked bend in the Hawaiian-Emperor seamount chain supposedly resulted from a recent major reorganization of the plate-mantle system there 50 million years ago. Although alternative mantle-driven and plate-shifting hypotheses have been proposed, no contemporaneous circum-Pacific plate events have been identified. We report reconstructions for Australia and Antarctica that reveal a major plate reorganization between 50 and 53 million years ago. Revised Pacific Ocean sea-floor reconstructions suggest that subduction of the Pacific-Izanagi spreading ridge and subsequent Marianas/Tonga-Kermadec subduction initiation may have been the ultimate causes of these events. Thus, these plate reconstructions solve long-standing continental fit problems and improve constraints on the motion between East and West Antarctica and global plate circuit closure. 相似文献
2.
HP Bunge MA Richards C Lithgow-Bertelloni JR Baumgardner SP Grand BA Romanowicz 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1998,280(5360):91-95
Computer models of mantle convection constrained by the history of Cenozoic and Mesozoic plate motions explain some deep-mantle structural heterogeneity imaged by seismic tomography, especially those related to subduction. They also reveal a 150-million-year time scale for generating thermal heterogeneity in the mantle, comparable to the record of plate motion reconstructions, so that the problem of unknown initial conditions can be overcome. The pattern of lowermost mantle structure at the core-mantle boundary is controlled by subduction history, although seismic tomography reveals intense large-scale hot (low-velocity) upwelling features not explicitly predicted by the models. 相似文献
3.
Using an inverse mantle convection model that assimilates seismic structure and plate motions, we reconstruct Farallon plate subduction back to 100 million years ago. Models consistent with stratigraphy constrain the depth dependence of mantle viscosity and buoyancy, requiring that the Farallon slab was flat lying in the Late Cretaceous, consistent with geological reconstructions. The simulation predicts that an extensive zone of shallow-dipping subduction extended beyond the flat-lying slab farther east and north by up to 1000 kilometers. The limited region of flat subduction is consistent with the notion that subduction of an oceanic plateau caused the slab to flatten. The results imply that seismic images of the current mantle provide more constraints on past tectonic events than previously recognized. 相似文献
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Rowe CM Loope DB Oglesby RJ Van der Voo R Broadwater CE 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,318(5854):1284-1286
The supercontinent Pangea dominated our planet from the Permian into the Jurassic. Paleomagnetic reconstructions have been used to estimate the latitudinal position of Pangea during this 100-million-year period. Atmospheric circulation, recorded by eolian sandstones in the southwestern United States, shows a broad sweep of northeasterly winds over their northernmost extent, curving to become northwesterly in the south: This evidence is consistent with paleomagnetic reconstructions of the region straddling the equator in the Early Permian but is at odds with its northward movement to about 20 degrees N by the Early Jurassic. At least one of the following scenarios must be true: The latitude based on paleomagnetism is incorrect; the interpretation of how winds shaped the dunes is mistaken; the basic climate controls in the Jurassic were different from those of today; or the paleogeographic reconstructions available are insufficient to adequately reproduce the wind fields responsible for dune formation. 相似文献
6.
Müller RD Sdrolias M Gaina C Steinberger B Heine C 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,319(5868):1357-1362
Earth's long-term sea-level history is characterized by widespread continental flooding in the Cretaceous period (approximately 145 to 65 million years ago), followed by gradual regression of inland seas. However, published estimates of the Late Cretaceous sea-level high differ by half an order of magnitude, from approximately 40 to approximately 250 meters above the present level. The low estimate is based on the stratigraphy of the New Jersey margin. By assimilating marine geophysical data into reconstructions of ancient ocean basins, we model a Late Cretaceous sea level that is 170 (85 to 270) meters higher than it is today. We use a mantle convection model to suggest that New Jersey subsided by 105 to 180 meters in the past 70 million years because of North America's westward passage over the subducted Farallon plate. This mechanism reconciles New Jersey margin-based sea-level estimates with ocean basin reconstructions. 相似文献
7.
Valley JW Cavosie AJ Fu B Peck WH Wilde SA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,312(5777):1139; author reply 1139
Harrison et al. (Reports, 23 December 2005, p. 1947) proposed that plate tectonics and granites existed 4.5 billion years ago (Ga), within 70 million years of Earth's formation, based on geochemistry of >4.0 Ga detrital zircons from Australia. We highlight the large uncertainties of this claim and make the more moderate proposal that some crust formed by 4.4 Ga and oceans formed by 4.2 Ga. 相似文献
8.
中药“连黄”对巴氏杆菌耐药性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用琼脂平板点种培养法和常规药敏纸片法,观察中药“连黄”对耐药巴氏杆菌的体外抑制作用,并进行统计学分析,判断其对耐药性的影响效果．结果表明,经中药“连黄”亚抑菌浓度作用后,耐药巴氏杆菌对链霉素、磺胺等药物的敏感性明显提高,表明中药“连黄”可有效降低巴氏杆菌的耐药性． 相似文献
9.
Ammonites are prominent in macroevolutionary studies because of their abundance and diversity in the fossil record, but their paleobiology and position in the marine food web are not well understood due to the lack of preserved soft tissue. We present three-dimensional reconstructions of the buccal apparatus in the Mesozoic ammonite Baculites with the use of synchrotron x-ray microtomography. Buccal mass morphology, combined with the coexistence of food remains found in the buccal mass, suggests that these ammonites fed on plankton. This diet may have extended to all aptychophoran ammonites, which share the same buccal mass morphology. Understanding the role of these ammonites in the Mesozoic food web provides insights into their radiation in the Early Jurassic, as well as their extinction at the end of the Cretaceous/early Paleogene. 相似文献
10.
Articulated digital reconstructions of two diplodocid sauropods revealed cervical poses and feeding envelopes. The necks of Diplodocus and Apatosaurus were nearly straight but gently declined such that the heads, which were themselves angled downward relative to the neck, were close to ground level in their neutral, undeflected posture. Both necks were less flexible than conventionally depicted, and Diplodocus was less capable of lateral and dorsal curvature than Apatosaurus. The results suggest that these sauropods were adapted to ground feeding or low browsing, contrary to the view that diplodocid sauropods were high browsers. 相似文献
11.
Pederson GT Gray ST Woodhouse CA Betancourt JL Fagre DB Littell JS Watson E Luckman BH Graumlich LJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6040):332-335
In western North America, snowpack has declined in recent decades, and further losses are projected through the 21st century. Here, we evaluate the uniqueness of recent declines using snowpack reconstructions from 66 tree-ring chronologies in key runoff-generating areas of the Colorado, Columbia, and Missouri River drainages. Over the past millennium, late 20th century snowpack reductions are almost unprecedented in magnitude across the northern Rocky Mountains and in their north-south synchrony across the cordillera. Both the snowpack declines and their synchrony result from unparalleled springtime warming that is due to positive reinforcement of the anthropogenic warming by decadal variability. The increasing role of warming on large-scale snowpack variability and trends foreshadows fundamental impacts on streamflow and water supplies across the western United States. 相似文献
12.
高校图书馆"服务"与"爱" 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
张云珍 《农业图书情报学刊》2005,17(3):65-66,130
从图书馆的服务工作角度阐述了服务是一种爱的栽体,应将爱融入服务工作之中;强调了全球信息化的今天,图书管理员应丰富自己的知识,提高自己的能力,将爱落实到实处。 相似文献
13.
Shibata N Goto A Choi SY Mizoguchi T Findlay SD Yamamoto T Ikuhara Y 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,322(5901):570-573
Determining the atomic structures of oxide surfaces is critical for understanding their physical and chemical properties but also challenging because the breaking of atomic bonds in the formation of the surface termination can involve complex reconstructions. We used advanced transmission electron microscopy to directly observe the atomic structure of reduced titania (TiO2) (110) surfaces from directions parallel to the surface. In our direct atomic-resolution images, reconstructed titanium atoms at the top surface layer are clearly imaged and are found to occupy the interstitial sites of the TiO2 structure. Combining observations from two orthogonal directions, the three-dimensional positioning of the Ti interstitials is identified at atomic dimensions and allows a resolution of two previous models that differ in their oxygen stoichiometries. 相似文献
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随着任京线年输量的逐渐下降，管道输油泵所做的无用功越来越多。为提高泵压的利用率，减少耗电量，对任京线雄县泵站的输油泵先后进行了三次拆级改造，并安装了一台小功率输油泵，以实现输油泵的经济运行。实践证明，这样改造大大降低了任京线的耗电量，降低了输油成本。对低输量输油管道而言，进行泵级组改造及安装小功率泵并不是最佳的节电措施。采用调速技术，使输油泵适应负荷变化，改变转速来调节输油泵的运行点，才是解决泵节 相似文献
16.
Reconstructing past climate from noisy data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
von Storch H Zorita E Jones JM Dimitriev Y González-Rouco F Tett SF 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2004,306(5696):679-682
Empirical reconstructions of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) temperature in the past millennium based on multiproxy records depict small-amplitude variations followed by a clear warming trend in the past two centuries. We use a coupled atmosphere-ocean model simulation of the past 1000 years as a surrogate climate to test the skill of these methods, particularly at multidecadal and centennial time scales. Idealized proxy records are represented by simulated grid-point temperature, degraded with statistical noise. The centennial variability of the NH temperature is underestimated by the regression-based methods applied here, suggesting that past variations may have been at least a factor of 2 larger than indicated by empirical reconstructions. 相似文献
17.
Volcanism in response to plate flexure 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Hirano N Takahashi E Yamamoto J Abe N Ingle SP Kaneoka I Hirata T Kimura J Ishii T Ogawa Y Machida S Suyehiro K 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5792):1426-1428
Volcanism on Earth is known to occur in three tectonic settings: divergent plate boundaries (such as mid-ocean ridges), convergent plate boundaries (such as island arcs), and hot spots. We report volcanism on the 135 million-year-old Pacific Plate not belonging to any of these categories. Small alkalic volcanoes form from small percent melts and originate in the asthenosphere, as implied by their trace element geochemistry and noble gas isotopic compositions. We propose that these small volcanoes erupt along lithospheric fractures in response to plate flexure during subduction. Minor extents of asthenospheric melting and the volcanoes' tectonic alignment and age progression in the direction opposite to that of plate motion provide evidence for the presence of a small percent melt in the asthenosphere. 相似文献
18.
Three-dimensional numerical ocean circulation model experiments that were designed to evaluate the circulation characteristics for the mid-Cretaceous ( approximately 100 million years ago) show that the primary direction of flow through the Tethys Ocean was eastward; in contrast, a westward flowing circumglobal Tethys current has been a consistent feature of earlier reconstructions of Cretaceous ocean circulation. The model studies demonstrate that (i) ocean circulation is sufficiently sensitive to the role of continental positions, sea level, and climate to limit the application of modern analogs to past circulations, and (ii) reconstructions based on limited biogeographic data may not provide unique surface circulation patterns. 相似文献
19.
Dislocations and their interactions govern the properties of many materials, ranging from work hardening in metals to device pathology in semiconductor laser diodes. However, conventional electron micrographs are simply two-dimensional projections of three-dimensional (3D) structures, and even stereo microscopy cannot reveal the true 3D complexity of defect structures. Here, we describe an electron tomographic method that yields 3D reconstructions of dislocation networks with a spatial resolution three orders of magnitude better than previous work. We illustrate the method's success with a study of dislocations in a GaN epilayer, where dislocation densities of 1010 per square centimeter are common. 相似文献
20.
Willerslev E Cappellini E Boomsma W Nielsen R Hebsgaard MB Brand TB Hofreiter M Bunce M Poinar HN Dahl-Jensen D Johnsen S Steffensen JP Bennike O Schwenninger JL Nathan R Armitage S de Hoog CJ Alfimov V Christl M Beer J Muscheler R Barker J Sharp M Penkman KE Haile J Taberlet P Gilbert MT Casoli A Campani E Collins MJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2007,317(5834):111-114
It is difficult to obtain fossil data from the 10% of Earth's terrestrial surface that is covered by thick glaciers and ice sheets, and hence, knowledge of the paleoenvironments of these regions has remained limited. We show that DNA and amino acids from buried organisms can be recovered from the basal sections of deep ice cores, enabling reconstructions of past flora and fauna. We show that high-altitude southern Greenland, currently lying below more than 2 kilometers of ice, was inhabited by a diverse array of conifer trees and insects within the past million years. The results provide direct evidence in support of a forested southern Greenland and suggest that many deep ice cores may contain genetic records of paleoenvironments in their basal sections. 相似文献