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1.
Urban Growth Boundaries and Betterment: Rent‐Seeking by Landowners on Melbourne's Expanding Urban Fringe 
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下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth Jean Taylor 《Growth and change》2016,47(2):259-275
Melbourne's Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) was legislated in 2002 and expanded substantially in 2010. Although based on strategic planning goals, UGBs have the capacity to influence land and housing markets. Landowners on the rural–urban fringe are a stakeholder group directly impacted by UGB policy, with multiple interests in containment policies and any land‐value effects. Following the 2010 expansion, substantial windfall profits to “instant millionaire” Melbourne landowners were openly reported. This paper critically interprets claims made by landowners in 264 public submissions responding to the proposed UGB expansion, and to an accompanying new policy instrument, the Growth Areas Infrastructure Contribution (GAIC). The GAIC was, in effect, a hypothecated tax on betterment expected to result from the UGB shift. Landowners commonly expressed fears that the UGB shift would not result in claimed value increases. On this basis, the GAIC was revised such that it is—at least in intention—a system wherein the tax is to be paid by housing developers and passed forward to homebuyers. The paper argues that the series of changes to the UGB and GAIC, including the modified “purchaser pays” system, may be understood as a response to rent‐seeking policy pressures from existing landowners as “insiders.” Although the unpopularity of the GAIC with landowners might have been anticipated, the outcome appears to legitimise their misinterpretation of the premise of development gain. A broader implication is that rent‐seeking behaviour by existing property owners can determine whether and how strategic planning policies are implemented. 相似文献
2.
Voter‐Approved Annexations in an Urban Growth Boundary Regime: The Impacts on Housing Values,Density, and Economic Equity 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Rebecca Lewis Robert Parker Zhenpeng Zou Winston Hovekamp Megan Mcgowen Ryan Sherrard 《Growth and change》2018,49(2):286-313
Oregon is known for its strict Urban Growth Boundary (UGB) policies. While UGBs are designed to accommodate land supply for 20 years of growth, land within UGBs must be annexed into city limits before it can be developed at urban densities and serviced. In Oregon, cities use a variety of municipal annexation and voter‐approved annexation policies (VAAPs), providing an opportunity to study how different annexation policies affect land and housing markets, and affect urban density. Previous research on annexation has not considered how annexation policy influences housing values. This paper examines how VAAPs impact land growth, housing development, and density at the city level. It also examines how VAAPs impact housing values. Based on city‐level and tax‐lot‐level statistical analyses from 107 cities outside Portland Metro area, the results suggest that VAAPs negatively impact the availability of developable land within city limits. VAAPs also positively impact residential density and housing value. Lastly, VAAPs inequitably affect housing value between relatively high‐value housing and relatively low‐value housing, posing economic equity impacts for lower value housing. These findings provide important lessons for Oregon and other states. While VAAPs may increase residential density in cities, the policies may exacerbate affordability problems. 相似文献
3.
为了提高经济发展质量,适应经济新常态下经济增速放缓,逐步降低地方政府对土地财政的依赖程度,研究探索新的土地财政方式。运用数据分析法、实证分析法等方法,对中国土地财政的产生及影响、经济新常态下地方政府对土地财政的依赖性进行分析。探索出适合现实情况的土地出让金制度、为中国现行城市化评定标准引入更多的参考依据以及加快开征房地产税等渐进性的土地财政转型路径。以期在土地财政转型期间地方政府有较为充足的财政收入,为发展实体经济提供一定的保障,助推中国经济发展质量提升。 相似文献
4.
Scholars demonstrated the importance of house planners in the creation of environmentally friendly homes. Despite the lack of broad agreement on the type of freehold estate that could reduce urban sprawl, the authors agree on the role of government and developers in housing planning and construction. According to a recent study, the government and developers are investing in freehold estates to promote sustainable urban growth. However, this study employs urban growth theories to explain the policy's success. First, we examine the rate of urban growth and the trends in urban sprawl. The affordability of ground-floor and three-story buildings is then assessed. The findings show that 19.36 square kilometers of built-up area contributed to land use expansion in Abomey-Calavi, Benin Republic, between 1974 and 2015, and four districts are at higher risk of environmental degradation. To mitigate this, three-story buildings could be inclusive and improve efficient land use, thereby limiting urban sprawl. 相似文献
5.
Plan and market mismatch: Urban redevelopment in Beijing during a period of transition 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Abstract: With the emergence of the real estate market since 1990, the operation Beijing's economy has led to a re‐shaping of its inner city. By reviewing the Old and Dilapidated Housing Redevelopment (ODHR) programme in Beijing in the 1990s, this paper seeks to uncover the forces that led to the prevailing large‐scale urban redevelopment which induced serious environmental and socio‐economic problems. By analysing conflicts between major stakeholders of the ODHR programme, the paper finds that the root cause of these problems was embedded in the ‘mismatch of plan and market’ by which local officials and local developers utilised their privileges inherited from a planned economy to benefit from the emerging real estate markets. As a result, the hidden agenda of local elites was facilitated during the urban redevelopment process. 相似文献
6.
Evolutionary Economic Geography for OFCs: Do Political Ties to the Onshore Reduce Capital Inflow Volatility? 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This paper analyses the structural change in small‐island economies—sometimes labeled offshore financial centers (OFCs)—that have seen wealth‐generating activities through offshore financial services decrease in value since 2008. At the same time, OFCs have come under increasing scrutiny from supranational organizations such Organization for Economic Co‐operation and Development and European Union for perceived unfair tax practices and money laundering activities. Some OFCs have proactively adjusted to this sea change by broadening the economic base through development of new offshore business activities such as e‐gaming, film industry, and niche manufacturing. Most have increased co‐operation with onshore regulatory bodies to promote service and product legitimacy. Econometric analysis explores the assertion that OFCs that do not have a political link to the onshore may be exposed to greater capital inflows volatility than OFCs that have such a link. Case study analysis using the theoretical lens of evolutionary economic geography illustrates that a small OFC is creating spatialities of economic novelty by adapting economic development strategies deployed during the successful development of the center prior to the recent recession. Our findings reveal the importance of political links to the onshore to reduce capital inflow volatility and the importance of local public–private interaction to legitimize post‐recession development. 相似文献
7.
Zhenting Zuo Jennifer C. Langill Sarah Turner Jean‐Franois Rousseau 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2021,62(1):100-115
Commodity crops are redefining land use and rural smallholder livelihoods across Asia. These crops often have boom‐bust cycles with important implications for the drivers of farmer entry into and exit from particular cash crop opportunities. This paper offers a comparative analysis of the boom‐bust processes of three popular spice crops cultivated in Yunnan Province, southwest China. Drawing from agrarian frontiers and rural livelihoods literature, we disentangle the vulnerability contexts associated with black cardamom, cinnamon and star anise production, finding that farmers cultivating these spices face a combination of interlocking forms of vulnerability. Despite the monetary potential that each crop offered during its ‘boom’, the associated environmental, economic and political vulnerabilities caused most farmers to exit their production, responding with myriad on‐farm and off‐farm diversification strategies. Using a multi‐sited ethnographic approach, we draw on 52 in‐depth interviews with ethnic minority cultivators, spice traders and local government officials to untangle the complexities associated with cash crop production in this agrarian frontier, the interwoven vulnerabilities that result in their ‘busts’ and the coping and adaptation strategies that smallholder farmers employ. Our findings underline the importance of disaggregating farmer vulnerabilities and the need for more nuanced policy responses to adequately support small‐scale farmers. 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Landscape Research》2013,(Z1)
In view of the population explosion in urban districts of Beijing City, limited land resources fail to meet needs of citizens, thus it is imperative to plan land uses of its hilly areas reasonably, avoid urban sprawl and figure out the way of sustainable development. Through analyzing land use patterns of hilly areas in Hong Kong and Los Angeles, it is to explore valuable experience for the development of hilly areas in Beijing. 相似文献
9.
ABSTRACT Cities and metropolitan regions face several challenges including urban sprawl, auto dependence and congestion, and related environmental and human health effects. Examining the spatial characteristics of daily household activity‐travel behavior holds important implications for understanding and addressing urban transportation issues. Research of this sort can inform development of urban land use policy that encourages the use of local opportunities, potentially leading to reduced motorized travel. This article examines the potential household activity‐travel response to a planned metropolitan polycentric hierarchy of activity centers. Behavioral observations have been drawn from an activity‐travel survey conducted in the Portland, Oregon, metropolitan area during the mid‐1990s. Evidence presented from exploratory analysis indicates an urban/suburban differential, with less daily travel and smaller activity spaces for urban households. Investigation of the travel reduction potential of the proposed land‐use strategy suggests that location effects could be offset by adjustments to household sociodemographic and mobility characteristics. 相似文献
10.
近年来,农村人口向城镇大量流动加之城镇人口的自然增长,城镇人口对于城镇用地的需求十分强烈;另外,随着经济的发展,城镇固定资产投资逐年增加,致使城镇各业用地需求旺盛。因此城镇的扩张与人口向城镇的流动和政府对城镇的投资是密不可分的。本文试图通过引用系统工程理念中的压力-状态-响应（P-S-R）模型,分析导致城镇建设用地扩张的人口和固定资产投资的压力机制,并构建了测算建设用地需求模型。基于黔江区2004-2008年的数据,测得黔江区合理的城镇扩张规模,避免城镇粗放型的扩张。测得黔江区建设用地增量380.92 hm2。 相似文献
11.
城市景观安全格局及其预案研究——以厦门市为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以ArcGIS、ENVI等为主要技术平台,采用“斑块-廊道-基质”的模式分析厦门市的景观安全格局,综合考虑自然因子和社会因子,并对不同的因子赋予不同的阻力值和权重,制定低安全水平格局的城市扩张优先发展预案、中安全水平格局的协调发展预案、高安全水平格局的生态保护优先预案3种城市扩张预案,利用最小累积阻力模型(MCR)分别建立3种预案的累积阻力表面,并对3种预案进行综合评价。结果显示：（1）3种安全水平的适宜城镇用地面积分别为694.87、575.1、454.96 km2,可提供新的城镇用地面积分别为433.12、313.12、193.21 km2;（2）随着安全水平的提高,适宜生态的用地逐渐增加,适宜城镇建设的用地逐渐减少;（3）低安全水平和中安全水平下的城市扩张预案均可满足厦门市“十二五”规划预测的2020年的城镇建设用地需求,高安全水平的城市扩张在生态优先保护的前提下,建设用地需做出让步。 相似文献
12.
为了解决当前中国在城市房屋拆迁征收与农村土地征收中的制度与政策差异导致在不动产征收过程中出现的一系列问题。运用伦理学和法理学的系统分析方法,对中国城乡分割的不动产拆迁与征收相关法律进行了研究。结果表明：（1）当前中国不动产拆迁与征收制度主要存在集体土地所有权主体弱化、城乡土地用益物权征收与补偿标准不一致、征收公共目的性依据不足、补偿标准理论依据欠缺、征收补偿程序缺乏司法救济等问题;（2）现行中国财产权法律保障体系为城乡统一的不动产拆迁与征收制度构建提供了坚实的产权法理基础、补偿标准同一化基础与现实基础;（3）通过不动产物权权能构成与性质完善、不动产拆迁与征收程序等法律规范和补偿评估标准的改革。建立城乡统一的不动产拆迁与征收制度,可以充分有效的保障被征收人的核心利益,从制度上解决土地征收与房屋拆迁中的激烈矛盾和现实问题。 相似文献
13.
CHEN Zhi-min 《保鲜与加工》2005,(2):124-127133
Based on the review of progress of research on the influence of urban planning on the price of real estate both at home and abroad, the author analyzes and summarizes the mechanism of the effect of the urban planning system on the price of real estate from three basic levels as strategy planning, implementation planning and planning administration and suggests that the local government should make use of this mechanism to carry out the guidance on the balanced development of urban economy, society and environment in real estate realm. 相似文献
14.
While suburban areas have been typically related with urban sprawl, low density, cheap land price and low‐end manufacturing industries, relatively little attention has been paid to the spatial organization of innovation in suburban areas. In some Chinese cities, development zones (kai fa qu) in their suburban areas which are generally regarded as major spaces for traditional manufacturing industries have been transforming into spaces for innovation. This paper provides a case study of Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu province in Eastern China by investigating and explaining the learning and innovation processes in suburban development zones. Drawing upon a unique database on 733 state‐certified high‐tech firms in Nanjing from 2008 to 2012 which contains detailed information on their addresses and number of patents, we observe strong spatial disparity in the distribution of innovation. Suburban districts of Nanjing where its three national‐level development zones and many provincial‐level development zones are located have become major spaces for innovation of the city. The planning of industrial clusters in development zones, the place‐based investment in the suburbs, and the suburbanization of universities are three major mechanisms behind the learning and innovation processes in Nanjing’s suburban development zones. 相似文献
15.
Combined with the development flow of real estate project,firstly a flow analysis is put forward for land investment risk identification of real estate projects,then by method of list analysis and method of expectancy computing to determine the risk level and the gain and loss of expectancy of land investment.Based on the relation and flow chart of land investment risk,the risk intensity of land investment is computed,in order to achieve an objective,effective and scientific dynamic management of land investment risk. 相似文献
16.
Patricia H. Gude Ray Rasker Kingsford L. Jones Julia H. Haggerty Mark C. Greenwood 《Growth and change》2012,43(3):419-441
The U.S. West has gone through many periods of economic boom and bust, most of which were associated with rapid rises and declines in commodity markets. The recent structural shift toward a primarily service‐based economy begs the question of whether the driving forces behind the cycles of boom and bust also may be shifting away from commodities toward people and their resources. This paper explores several factors that contributed to growth in the 1990s and 2000s: asking whether these factors created any advantages or disadvantages during the most recent recession and whether the shift away from commodity production to a knowledge‐ and human capital‐intensive economy has implications for how local areas experience the boom–bust cycle. 相似文献
17.
基于耕地保护的城市发展空间生态适宜性评价研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
针对城市边缘地带建设用地快速增长与优质农用地大量减少的矛盾,以驻马店为例,在充分考虑农田的生态服务功能的基础上,构建了建设用地生态适宜性评价系统和耕地自然生产潜力评价系统组成的生态适宜城区扩展用地评价方法,评价了城市建设用地的生态适宜性和农地的自然宜耕性,基于保护优质耕地的目标,划分了适宜性发展空间分区,将城市发展空间划分为重点开发、优化开发、限制开发和禁止开发4个类型,结合宜居城市建设对不同分区内的耕地功能用地进行了分析,探讨了扩展用地时空配置的方法和途径。结果表明：驻马店市重点、优化、限制和禁止开发区面积分别占研究区总面积的37.05%、28.87%、17.75%、16.33%。该评价方法为城市边缘地带新增建设用地的时空配置提供了参考。 相似文献
18.
This paper examines the effects of the housing boom of the early 2000s on unemployment in U.S. metropolitan areas. A region's share of housing units built between 2000 and 2006 has no effect on unemployment prior to the start of the Great Recession, but the extent of a region's housing boom increases unemployment in over one‐half of the months analyzed during and immediately following it. Regression results based on a cluster analysis of metropolitan areas indicate that regions characterized by high growth rates of construction, retail, and hospitality employment during the early 2000s were hit particularly hard by the recession. 相似文献
19.
The improvement of urban land use efficiency has become the main goal for developing countries in response to rapid urbanization. This paper explores the impact of land finance on urban land use efficiency (ULUE) on the provincial level using land conveyance fee and land‐related tax data from China between 2004 and 2016. First, a super‐efficiency data envelopment analysis model was applied to measure ULUE. The results showed that ULUE was highest in eastern China, followed by central China, and ULUE was lowest in western China. Then, a provincial panel threshold model was built for an empirical analysis. In particular, a double threshold was identified in the relationship between the land conveyance fee and ULUE. A significant positive effect on ULUE was found when the percentage of the new construction land supply quantity remained below 0.401. However, this effect became negative when the percentage of threshold variables exceeded 0.842. Moreover, land‐related tax was found to exert significant negative effects on ULUE when the percentage of the new construction land supply quantity remained below 0.842. Insignificant positive effects were found when the percentage exceeded this level. The empirical results suggested that the relationship between land finance and ULUE is nonlinear; excessive land finance will negatively impact ULUE. 相似文献
20.
Zhu Qian 《Asia Pacific viewpoint》2007,48(2):219-233
Abstract: China's urban land reform is a gradualist process of transforming a planned land allocation system to an open land market system, while the ownership of the land remains under the control of the state. This process defines the relationships between local government and emerging non‐public interest groups in the land development process. These issues can be most clearly seen in the State‐Approved Development Zones, where municipalities have been encouraged to promote economic development and test out land policy initiatives. Using the institutionalist and urban growth machine analytical approaches to land development processes, this study examines the operation of development processes and the role of local government and its relationship with other interest groups. By employing a case study research strategy, focused upon the Hangzhou High‐Technology Zone, the study uncovered a local government‐led growth coalition which featured participation by other interest groups and revealed the applicability and variations when applying two strands of theories to a socialist economy in transition. Besides the land reform policy implications drawn from the case study evidence, the study concludes that the presence of interest groups and the missing community organisations unique to China give new theoretical implications and that both theories work much better with the economic domain than with the political domain largely because of a lagged political reform. 相似文献