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松褐天牛引诱是松材线虫病综合治理技术之一。作者通过对不同诱捕器器型与不同诱芯进行组合应用试验发现,十字挡板型诱捕器的诱捕量显著高于多层式诱捕器,十字挡板诱捕器(A型)的平均诱捕量为69.3头/器,是多层型诱捕器(B型和C型)平均诱捕量的5.75—17.69倍;而Z,H诱芯的诱捕效果则明显高于L诱芯,Z,H型诱芯的平均诱捕量分别为40.6头/器和37.0头/器,而L型诱芯的平均诱捕量仅为7.7头/器;通过综合比较,初步筛选出了十字挡板型诱捕器+Z诱芯和十字挡板型诱捕器+H诱芯2种对松褐天牛具有高效诱捕作用的组合模式。其中,十字挡板型诱捕器+Z诱芯模式的诱捕效果最好,平均每套年诱捕量为90.7头;十字挡板型诱捕器+H诱芯模式的诱捕效果次之,平均每套年诱捕量为75头。 相似文献
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3种引诱剂对松褐天牛诱捕效果的比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业调查规划》2015,(3)
为有效控制松褐天牛的危害,选择3种不同引诱剂在玉溪市红塔山自然保护区对松褐天牛实施诱捕防治试验,以期筛选出最佳引诱剂。试验结果表明,3号诱芯APF-1诱捕效果最好,与其它2种诱芯诱捕效果有显著差异,最大平均诱捕数量达8.8头/诱捕器。7~8月防治松褐天牛成虫的最佳时期。 相似文献
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对秦岭林区优势先锋虫种华山松大小蠹 Dendroctonus armandi 寄生蜂种群的林问分布规律进行了研究.在标准地调查基础上,选择华山松大小蠹虫害木作为解析木,分期分批采集华山松大小蠹幼虫和蛹进行室内饲养.结果表明:秦岭林区华山松大小蠹有寄生蜂7种.在河谷地带华山松林中寄生蜂种类最多,7种寄生蜂都有分布,总寄生率最高(37.5%～42.5%),其它依次为竹子华山松林、鹿蹄草华山松林、苔草华山松林、山坡下部华山松林;华山松虫害木树干不同部位寄生蜂种群组成和总寄生率不同,华山松大小蠹寄生蜂种群在华山松虫害木树干上的垂直分布与华山松大小蠹种群相吻合,说明华山松大小蠹种群和寄生蜂种群长期以来建立了相互制约而又相互依存的密切关系. 相似文献
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对健康和蓝变真菌侵染的华山松韧皮部以及华山松大小蠹排泄物中粗蛋白、粗脂肪、粗纤维、淀粉、还原性糖、可溶性总糖、游离态氨基酸和Na,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn等8种元素进行分析,结果表明:华山松大小蠹对寄主华山松营养物质的利用率依次为:还原性糖＞粗脂肪＞可溶性总糖＞粗纤维＞淀粉＞粗蛋白.华山松韧皮部的17种游离态氨基酸中含有华山松大小蠹必需的9种氨基酸;华山松大小蠹对寄主华山松韧皮部组织内的Na,K,Ca,Mg,Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn等8种矿物元素需求量存在明显差异,其中对K元素的需求量最大,而对Cu,Mn,Zn 3种元素的需求量较小.同时,华山松大小蠹共生真菌能够加速华山松木质部和韧皮部中营养的分解转化,为华山松大小蠹在被害华山松韧皮部和木质部间的生存和发育创造条件,并加速被害华山松树势的衰弱和死亡. 相似文献
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利用景观生态学的研究方法,以神农架林区华山松大小蠹Dendroctonus armandi为研究对象,从华山松Pinus armandii景观空间格局分析林区华山松大小蠹发生情况,并对林区各林场乡镇的风险程度进行分析。结果表明:华山松大小蠹发生与寄主华山松的面积分布占比、斑块密度呈正相关,相关系数R值分别为0.504和0.379;与华山松斑块个数、景观形状指数不相关。林区华山松面积占比最大的地区是温水林场,斑块密度最大的地区是红坪林场,因此温水林场和红坪林场华山松大小蠹危害风险最大,危害风险最低的是宋洛乡和红花朵林场。风险预测结果显示林区中部和西部的华山松斑块受侵害的风险最大。 相似文献
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华山松大小蠹带菌部位及贮菌器结构研究 总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6
研究了秦岭林区华山松大小蠹带菌部位及贮菌器结构,结果表明：华山松大小蠹成虫具有前胸背板体壁凹陷和刺毛构成的贮菌器,用于携带和传播真菌,其所携带真菌种类以穿孔细帚霉和小线嘴壳为主,以真菌孢子为唯一携带方式,并在在虫入侵健康寄主华山检针携带真菌孢子接种于华山松木质部。华山松大小蠹消化道内不具有含菌细胞和特化的带菌结构,消化道内存在的真菌也没有菌丝发育形成的附着孢或吸盘结构,使真菌不能被有效地贮存或携带 相似文献
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为摸清神农架林区华山松大小蠹扩散规律。查阅了华山松大小蠹侵害的本底资料,分析了华山松大小蠹的发生趋势,研究了华山松大小蠹危害和海拔、年均高、低温的关系。结果表明:神农架林林区中西部,特别是高海拔地区危险性高,海拔1 822 m以上区域华山松大小蠹发生严重,海拔高度和疫情受害面积呈现正相关,拟合方程为Y=657.571 43+374.119 05 X-30.238 1 X~2,相关系数R~2为0.927 04,但不显著;年均高、低温和华山松大小蠹危害面积表现出相同的线性关系,年均低温在7~9℃,年均高温在16~20℃呈现正相关,多项式拟合方程Y=4.656 18E9-4.626 45E6 X+1 149.22685 X~2,相关系数为0.871 89。 相似文献
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华山松大小蠹和共生真菌分泌酶组成分析 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对华山松大小蠹消化道和共生真菌胞外蛋白和酶类组成分析的结果表明 ,华山松大小蠹消化道和共生真菌胞外均可分泌多种酶类 ,其中华山松大小蠹消化道具自身分泌纤维素酶、酯酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶的能力 ,但不具分泌漆酶等木质素分解酶的能力 ,因此 ,其虽然可以直接利用寄主华山松韧皮部和木质部边材组织内的纤维素、淀粉、多糖、酯类和蛋白等营养物质 ,但不能分解利用木质素类营养。而共生真菌除具有胞外分泌纤维素酶、酯酶、蛋白酶和淀粉酶的能力外 ,还能够在寄主华山松组织内木质素的诱导下分泌漆酶 ,以充分利用华山松韧皮部和木质部内纤维素、木质素、淀粉和脂类物质。此外 ,华山松大小蠹消化道和共生真菌胞外分泌的纤维素酶、酯酶、淀粉酶和蛋白酶还存在结构和营养利用方面的差异。 相似文献
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利用性信息素监测是目前松毛虫监测预报的重要方法。为了对同一林地中混合发生的两种或多种松毛虫同时进行监测,在桂阳县2个乡镇开展马尾松毛虫Dendrolimus punctatus思茅松毛虫Dendrolimus kikuchii双诱芯诱捕器和靶标昆虫诱捕器的诱捕效果对比试验。结果表明:在3块样地中,双诱芯诱捕器和马尾松毛虫诱捕器诱捕到的马尾松毛虫分别为(10.22±3.15)头/器、(9.78±3.61)头/器,无显著差异(P>0.05);双诱芯诱捕器和思茅松毛虫诱捕器诱捕到的思茅松毛虫分别为(13.22±4.39)头/器、(14.33±4.73)头/器,无显著差异(P>0.05)。在两种松毛虫混合发生的林地,将两种靶标昆虫的诱芯放置于同一个诱捕器中,可以同时有效地监测两种松毛虫,节约人力物力。 相似文献
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[目的]明确APF-Ⅰ型诱剂样品(A)和F型诱剂样品(C)对松墨天牛的诱捕效果。[方法]以生产上使用的APF-Ⅰ持久增强型诱剂(B)和F1型诱剂(D)为对照,在林间进行了诱杀松墨天牛成虫试验。[结果]表明:诱剂A的平均诱虫量最高,分别为诱剂B、诱剂C和诱剂D的1.17倍、1.41倍和1.58倍,且显著高于诱剂C和诱剂D。在持效试验中,诱剂A平均诱虫量也高于其他3种诱剂。在161 d诱捕期内4种诱剂诱到的松墨天牛雌虫是雄虫的1.65 1.93倍,平均1.76倍。诱剂C也优于同类产品的诱剂D。[结论]诱剂A释放信息素均匀稳定,诱虫活性和持效作用强,最适合用于林间松墨天牛的测报及诱杀防治,因此建议在松材线虫病防治工作中优先选用。 相似文献
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Davide Rassati Edoardo Petrucco Toffolo Alain Roques Andrea Battisti Massimo Faccoli 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(1):61-69
Invasive alien species cost forestry billions of euros every year and their early detection is becoming of utmost importance. The aim of this study is to improve some of the techniques available for trapping alien wood boring beetles (Scolytinae, Cerambycidae, and Buprestidae) arriving at high-risk sites, such as ports. During 2009–2011, trapping carried out in four Italian seaports tested the comparative efficiency of different luring (single-lure vs. multi-lure traps) and trap designs (cross-vane vs. multi-funnel). In addition, trap captures within the ports were compared with those obtained in surrounding areas. Six out of 49 species trapped in 3 years of investigation were of alien origin: four Scolytinae and two Cerambycidae. The number of species trapped in multi-lure traps was as high as that resulting from the sum of the single-lure traps. The two trap designs performed equally well, but multi-funnel traps were more robust and easier to use in ports. In 2011, the number of species trapped in ports and surrounding areas was similar, although differently distributed. On a total of 26 species trapped in this experiment, nine were exclusive to ports, of which three aliens, eight were exclusive to surrounding areas, of which one alien, and nine were common to both habitats, of which one alien. In conclusion, we suggest the use of multi-funnel traps baited with different lures for monitoring alien wood boring beetles in ports. Using traps outside the port is also recommended to validate the surveillance program. 相似文献
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Dr. R. Büchi 《Journal of pest science》1988,61(1):5-8
In the laboratory three types of pheromone traps for the Mediterranean Flour Moth,Ephestia kühniella were tested. The trap of the Albany International Corp. was compared with the Detia Mottenindikator and a trap of the Institute for Pesticide Research in Wageningen. In separated series of trials with paired traps, all six possible combinations between traps and lures were tested. The direct comparison between Detia Mottenindikator and the Albany trap revealed no significant difference in moth catch. But the shape of the Detia trap is better than the Albany one, whereas for the lures the reverse holds true. The best combination is therefore Detia trap/Albany lure. Significant fewer moths were caught with the trap of the Institute for Pesticide Research than with the Albany trap. 相似文献
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Two exotic European click beetle species, Agriotes obscurus and Agriotes lineatus, were introduced into the lower Fraser valley of British Columbia over a century ago, and are now predominant pests of a number of arable crops. A semiochemical-based method of monitoring both species has been developed as a part of an integrated pest management plan, and there is interest in mass trapping with pheromones as a management tool. A. obscurus females produce primarily geranyl octanoate (G8) and geranyl hexanoate (G6), while A. lineatus females produce both G8 and geranyl butanoate (G4). The current studies examined the possibility of using a blend of G8, G6, and G4 components in a single lure to trap both species simultaneously. A blended G8, G6 and G4 lure in a 1:1:1 ratio was, on average, 1.42 times more attractive to A. lineatus males than standard A. lineatus pheromone lures, but caught only 0.24 times the number of A. obscurus in standard A. obscurus traps. Blended traps, therefore, are effective for monitoring and mass trapping of A. lineatus, but only for detection of A. obscurus. 相似文献
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Christos Athanassiou Daniel P. Bray David R. Hall Charles Phillips Thomas N. Vassilakos 《Journal of pest science》2018,91(4):1381-1391
Tobacco beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), is one of the most serious insect pests of stored tobacco, and traps baited with the female-produced sex pheromone, serricornin, are used for monitoring the pest. In two trapping experiments carried out in tobacco warehouses in Greece, two commercially available trap and lure systems for L. serricorne were found to be equally effective in terms of the numbers of beetles trapped. In contrast to previous reports, anhydroserricornin was unattractive and lures containing serricornin and anhydroserricornin were less attractive than lures containing serricornin only. The sex pheromone of the other main insect pest of tobacco, Ephestia elutella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), could be added to the lures without affecting the attractiveness of either pheromone to their respective species. Lures remained attractive for at least 4 weeks under field conditions, and, in laboratory tests, release of pheromone could still be detected after 30 days at 27 °C. The stereoisomeric composition of the serricornin in the two commercial lures was similar with high proportions of the attractive (4S,6S,7S)-isomer. The proportion of the (4S,6S,7R)-isomer was low, and this is known to reduce the attractiveness. 相似文献
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【目的】明确聚集信息素对横坑切梢小蠹诱捕量与不同危害程度的云南松林有虫梢率之间的关系,为横坑切梢小蠹种群监测与防治提供技术支持。【方法】采用随机抽样法,调查云南省祥云县普淜镇和下庄镇2个样地云南松林内切梢小蠹的危害情况,并在由梢部危害转至干部危害期利用聚集信息素诱捕横坑切梢小蠹成虫,分析横坑切梢小蠹在梢转干时期的种群变化规律及有虫梢率与诱捕量之间的关系。【结果】普淜和下庄2个样地横坑切梢小蠹和云南切梢小蠹是优势种。普淜样地中横坑切梢小蠹占49. 75%,雌雄比为1. 06∶1;云南切梢小蠹占50. 25%,雌雄比为1. 32∶1。下庄样地中横坑切梢小蠹占54%,雌雄比为1. 45∶1;云南切梢小蠹占46%,雌雄比为1. 88∶1。2样地中横坑切梢小蠹蛀梢期树冠有虫梢率从上到下依次降低,普淜样地有虫梢率约为下庄样地的10倍。2样地横坑切梢小蠹的诱捕量在整个梢转干期呈现相同的规律,成虫扬飞均始于11月中旬,终见于翌年5月下旬,扬飞高峰期是3月初至4月下旬。诱捕器中天敌种群数量与横坑切梢小蠹数量有明显的跟随现象。诱捕器中横坑切梢小蠹雌雄性比在1∶1. 09～1. 71之间,雄性个体数量明显多于雌性。横坑切梢小蠹林间有虫梢率(y)与诱捕量(x)之间呈线性正相关,其中在高虫口密度普淜样地拟合函数关系式为y=0. 002 4x+0. 060 1(R^2=0. 67),低虫口密度下庄样地拟合函数关系式为y=0. 003 2x-0. 004 3(R^2=0. 71)。【结论】了解高、低虫口密度下横坑切梢小蠹在云南松树冠中的分布规律,利用聚集信息素诱捕可作为监测横坑切梢小蠹种群变化的有效方法,且诱捕量与林间有虫梢率呈线性正相关,诱捕量可反应横坑切梢小蠹在蛀梢期的有虫梢率。 相似文献
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Jacinter A. Otieno Niklas Stukenberg Jessica Weller Hans-Michael Poehling 《Journal of pest science》2018,91(4):1301-1314
Pest monitoring is an important tool for successful integrated pest management programmes. Blue sticky traps are important for monitoring western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis, in greenhouses. However, blue sticky traps have three major weak points: (1) efficacy depends on reflection of light, which varies in intensity with fluctuating light conditions (season, diurnal rhythmic pattern), (2) they reflect broad wavelength pattern not optimally matching with maximum sensitivity of WFT photoreceptors, and (3) they offer no olfactory cues which are important for thrips orientation. This study explored the most attractive wavelength range for WFT using broad range of narrow-bandwidth light-emitting diodes (LEDs) in order to improve the attractiveness of blue sticky traps. Subsequently, trapping efficacy of the most attractive blue LED in combination with blue sticky trap and addition of an attractive lure (Lurem-TR) was evaluated in flight cages under greenhouse conditions. Release-capture studies revealed that LEDs with peak emission of 445 nm were clearly more effective than conventional blue sticky traps. In choice experiments, up to 2.7-fold and in no-choice experiment up to 2.1-fold more WFT were captured by LED-blue sticky traps compared to conventional reflecting blue sticky traps. Lurem-TR improved the performance of blue sticky traps and LED-blue sticky traps 2.3-fold and 2.0-fold, respectively, as compared to those without Lurem-TR. The addition of LEDs and kairomone lure to blue sticky traps seems promising for improving WFT trapping, specifically at low population densities especially during early infestation. However, these results should be further validated under more complex, large field conditions. 相似文献