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1.
Impatiens parviflora andI. glandulifera, two invasive touchme-not species of exotic origin were found to be associated with two aphid groups in Central Europe: a)
Exotic species subsequently following their invasive plant hosts (Impatientinum asiaticum
Nevsky), b) native species secondarily adapted to the new exotic hosts (Aphis fabae cirsiiacanthoidis
Scop.). The species number (listed) of associated syrphid flies in the newly developed guilds was rather high, consisting of broadly
oligophagous species. The plant phenology and adaptation of the aphids have resulted in associations which apparently represent
seasonally significant sources of prey, their importance apparently increasing with the decreasing season. Antattendance was
determined in both aphid species, and no adverse interference with the preying syrphid larvae was observed. In spite of an
overall classification of the target plants as expansive weeds, they are classified positively as contributing to the enhancement
of syrphid fly populations in the biocorridors in the cultivated landscape. 相似文献
2.
3.
M. HOMMES 《EPPO Bulletin》1992,22(3):421-427
During four growing periods from 1986 to 1989, biological pest control on capsicum was investigated in glasshouses under practical conditions. Aphids, mainly Myzus persicae, caused the most serious pest problems. As biological control agents, the commercially available predatory gall midge Aphidoletes aphidimyza and the green lacewing Chrysoperla curnea were used. Both these natural enemies were released according to the recommendations of the producers. For the releases of the gall midges, small peat samples containing the pupae of the predator were placed at a few spots in the glasshouse (1–2 pupae per m2). The lacewings were introduced as eggs on small mesh-pieces which were placed on every second plant (10–20 eggs per m2). In these experiments, control of the aphid populations was effective only if the two predators were introduced early and were released several times. During the summer, other natural enemies such as parasitic wasps, syrphids, ladybirds and predatory bugs immigrated from outdoors and enhanced the biological control of aphids. 相似文献
4.
Koczor S Szentkirályi F Birkett MA Pickett JA Voigt E Tóth M 《Pest management science》2010,66(12):1374-1379
BACKGROUND: The deployment of synthetic attractants for the manipulation of lacewing populations as aphid predators is currently used in integrated pest management. This study investigates a synthetic bait comprising floral compounds previously found to attract the Chrysoperla carnea complex, and, for the first time, the aphid sex pheromone components (1R,4aS,7S,7aR)‐nepetalactol and (4aS,7S,7aR)‐nepetalactone, in field experiments in Hungary, for their ability to manipulate lacewing populations. RESULTS: The synthetic floral bait attracted both sexes of the Chrysoperla carnea complex, and Chrysopa formosa Brauer showed minimal attraction. The aphid sex pheromone compounds alone attracted males of C. formosa and C. pallens (Rambur). When the two baits were combined, Chrysopa catches were similar to those with aphid sex pheromone baits alone, but carnea complex catches decreased significantly (by 85–88%). CONCLUSION: As the floral bait alone attracted both sexes of the carnea complex, it showed potential to manipulate the location of larval density via altering the site of oviposition. Aphid sex pheromone compounds alone attracted predatory males of Chrysopa spp. and can potentially be used to enhance biological control of aphids. For the carnea complex, however, a combination of both baits is not advantageous because of the decrease in adults attracted. Assumptions of intraguild avoidance underlying this phenomenon are discussed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
5.
Li Cui Lina Sun Xusheng Shao Yazhong Cao Daibin Yang Zhong Li Huizhu Yuan 《Pest management science》2010,66(7):779-785
BACKGROUND: IPP‐10 is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide recently developed in China and has good activity against sucking insects. Studies were carried out to investigate the activity of IPP‐10 against Rhopalosiphum padi L. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that IPP‐10 had both contact and systemic activity, including acropetal and basipetal translocation in wheat vascular bundles. Starved R. padi were allowed to stay on wheat treated with a sublethal dose of IPP‐10. The results of studying their feeding behaviour from an electrical penetration graph (EPG) revealed a decrease in total time and bout duration of xylem and phloem ingestion, but the total time and bout duration of phloem salivation were significantly prolonged. The frequency (7.03 ± 0.49 Hz) of the xylem ingestion waveform produced by aphids on wheat treated with IPP‐10 was significantly lower than that of blank control aphids (8.20 ± 0.30 Hz). Consequently, aphids born on wheat treated with IPP‐10 were obviously lighter and less fecund than the control aphids. CONCLUSION: These tests indicated that IPP‐10 had both contact and systemic activity, with sublethal effects resulting in reduction in R. padi feeding behaviour, growth rate and fecundity. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
6.
七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜控制作用的模拟研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用二次回归旋转组合设计方法研究了七星瓢虫成虫、幼虫与两种麦蚜共存系统中瓢虫对麦长管蚜和禾谷缢管蚜的捕食量模型。结果表明七星瓢虫对两种麦蚜的捕食量随着瓢虫密度的增加而减少．随着该种麦蚜密度的增加而增加．且七星瓢虫无选择性。七星瓢虫不同个体间的干扰作用对其捕食麦长管蚜数量有显著影响,两种麦蚜数交互作用对七星瓢虫捕食禾谷缢管蚜数量影响显著。该模型可用来预测田间蚜虫的变化．指导麦田蚜虫防治。 相似文献
7.
Lucinda Dunn Manuel Lequerica Chris R Reid Tanya Latty 《Pest management science》2020,76(6):1973-1979
With increasing worldwide pressure on bee pollinator populations and an increase in insecticide resistance amongst pest insects, there is a growing need for diversification of pollinator and pest control systems. Syrphid flies (Diptera: Syrphidae) contribute ecosystem services to agroecosystems through their supporting roles as crop pollinators and predators of pests. Adult syrphids are important pollinators with high floral visitation rates and pollen carrying capacity, while predatory syrphid larvae are natural biological control agents, reducing aphid populations in both field and laboratory conditions. The present challenge is to determine whether syrphid flies have the potential for application as pollinators and in integrated pest management schemes as biological control agents. Currently, there are gaps in research that are hindering the use of syrphids as dual service providers. Such gaps include a lack of knowledge of syrphid floral preferences, the role and viability of adult syrphids as pollinators in natural and agro‐ecological pollinator networks, and the predatory efficiency of larvae in field and glasshouse conditions. By reviewing relevant literature, we demonstrate syrphid flies have the potential to be used as pollinators and biological control agents. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
8.
The present study was carried out to assess the field efficacy of 10 isolates of entomofungal pathogens on management of cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora. All the tested isolates showed suppressive effect on aphid population. Two-year pooled data revealed lower incidence of 19.37–40.81 aphids/plant in the entomofungal pathogen treated plots compared to higher incidence of 88.07 aphids/plant in untreated control. Among the 10 isolates tested, Vl-8 isolate of Lecanicillium lecanii, Ma-6 isolate of Metarhizium anisopliae and Bb-5a isolate of Beauveria bassiana showed 78.01%, 77.42% and 76.91% reduction of aphid population, respectively, over control and were on par with each other. Significantly higher yields were recorded in the plots treated with Bb-5a, Ma-6 and Vl-8 isolates (1252, 1225 and 1208 kg/ha, respectively) compared to untreated control (916 kg/ha). The predatory coccinellid populations of Cheilomenes sexmaculata and Micromus timidus in entomofungal treated and untreated control plots were almost similar and found statistically non-significant, indicating the safety of fungal pathogens to these coccinellid predators. 相似文献
9.
In the south-west of England, cereal aphids can spread barley yellow dwarf virus and reproduce during winter. Ground-living polyphagous predators may be important in controlling these active cereal aphids. This 2-year study investigated the effect of deltamethrin on predator numbers, using pitfall traps. A randomised block design was used in an area of winter wheat (cv. Aquilla) in which deltamethrin-treated and control plots were surrounded by polyethylene barriers. Pitfall catches of polyphagous predators were reduced by about 30% in the treated plots compared with the control plots. 相似文献
10.
三种杀虫剂对麦田蚜虫和捕食性天敌群落的影响 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
以2种选择性杀虫剂吡虫啉、抗蚜威和一种广谱性杀虫剂氧化乐果为试验材料，研究了选择性杀虫剂对麦田蚜虫和捕食性天敌群落结构特征的影响。结果表明，施用选择性杀虫剂的小区在农药持效期内麦蚜群落的多样性指数和均匀度低于空白对照区，高于氧化乐果处理区，而优势度和优势集中度高于空白对照区，低于氧化乐果处理区；捕食性天敌群落的多样性指数低于空白对照区，高于氧化乐果处理区，优势度和优势集中度高于空白对照区，低于氧化乐果处理区。选择性杀虫剂处理区瓢蚜比小于空白对照区和氧化乐果处理区，且有效期长达15－16d。根据害虫和天敌发生的特点及选择性杀虫剂的特性，提出了麦蚜的有效防治措施，即在麦蚜为害关键时期，每667m^2用吡虫啉1g(ai)或抗蚜威2.5g(ai)喷施1次，再利用自然天敌调控作用，即可有效控制麦蚜。 相似文献
11.
BACKGROUND: Black pecan aphid, Melanocallis caryaefoliae (Davis) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), feeding elicits localized chlorotic injury to pecan foliage [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K Koch] and apparent acceleration of leaf senescence and defoliation. The ability of certain plant growth regulators (PGRs) (forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid and aviglycine) to prevent M. caryaefoliae from triggering pecan leaf chlorosis and senescence‐like processes was evaluated on two dates in both 2006 and 2007. Treatments were applied to orchard foliage and used in laboratory leaf‐disc bioassays to assess possible reduction in aphid‐elicited chlorosis and concomitant effects on aphid mortality and development. RESULTS: Foliage pretreated with forchlorfenuron + gibberellic acid prior to being challenged with aphids resulted in significantly less aphid‐elicited chlorosis than did control or aviglycine‐treated leaf discs. No PGR affected aphid mortality; however, development time was increased by forchlorfenuron + gibberellic acid in 2006 and by aviglycine + gibberellic acid on one date in 2007. CONCLUSION: Certain PGRs possess the potential for usage on pecan to protect foliar canopies from M. caryaefoliae via changes in the susceptibility of the host leaf to senescence‐like factors being introduced by feeding aphids. This protective effect on host foliage and the associated suppressive effect on development of feeding aphids might also be relevant to pest management programs on other aphid–crop systems in which aphid‐elicited chlorosis and senescence‐like processes can limit profitability. Published 2010 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
12.
The utilization of olfactory responses of predators and parasitoids to the allelochemicals emitted by phytophagous arthropods and their host plants is becoming more important in biological pest control. The effects of three weed species, i.e. wormwood Artemisia vulgaris L., tansy Tanacetum vulgare L. and stinging nettle Urtica dioica L., which were planted as accompanying vegetations into a lettuce field, were examined for the predatory species Coccinella septempunctata L., Adalia bipunctata (L.), Propylea quatuordecimpunctata (L.) (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) and Chrysoperla carnea (Steph.) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae), as well as for aphids during the summer of 2000. The presence of weeds significantly increased the density of adults and larvae of the predators on the lettuce plants in relation to the control (lettuce field without weeds). However, the differences remained smaller for eggs and pupae. C. septempunctata tended to be the most abundant species, followed by P. quatuordecimpunctata. Remarkable differences among the attractiveness levels of the weeds in the 3 treatments were not observed. The increased populations of predators were accompanied by significantly reduced infestation rates with aphids in the treatments in relation to the control. Myzus persicae Sulzer was in general the most abundant aphid species followed by Nasonovia ribisnigri Mosley and Macrosiphum euphorbiae Thomas. The results of the present study are discussed with respect to the management of agroecosystems and the use of weeds in biological control. 相似文献
13.
BACKGROUND: Cycloxaprid with cis‐configuration is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide, developed in China, that has good industrialisation prospects for its high activity against imidacloprid‐resistant pests. Studies were carried out to investigate the biological activity of cycloxaprid and its effect on the feeding behaviour of Sitobion avenae. RESULTS: The results demonstrated that cycloxaprid had good contact and root‐systemic activity. The electrical penetration graph (EPG) revealed that cycloxaprid significantly increased the total time of non‐probing periods and greatly inhibited phloem ingestion of treated aphids because it significantly reduced the total time and the frequency of phloem ingestion. Furthermore, cycloxaprid can increase the phloem salivation of treated aphids by comparison with aphids treated with imdacloprid and distilled water. Consequently, a sublethal dose of cycloxaprid impaired aphid ingestion of phloem sap and thereby reduced the weight of aphids. On the other hand, EPG data showed that a sublethal dose of cycloxaprid had no significant effect on xylem sap ingestion, in contrast to imidacloprid. CONCLUSION: All these tests indicated that cycloxaprid had both contact and root‐systemic activity, with sublethal effects resulting in reduction in Sitobion avenae phloem‐feeding behaviour and growth rate. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
14.
七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata)捕食苜蓿斑蚜(Therioaphis trifolii)的数量与苜蓿斑蚜密度呈负加速曲线关系,功能反应符合Holling-Ⅱ型模型,为Na=1.024 2N/(1+0.003 3N),捕食苜蓿斑蚜的数量随斑蚜密度增加而增大,但寻找效应随之而降低,日最大捕食量为313头。在10～25℃下,七星瓢虫捕食率y与温度x的关系为y=2.4 1x+3 0.0 7 5,在2 5～3 5℃间的捕食率y与温度x的关系为y=1 2 0-1.2x,2 5℃下七星瓢虫捕食率最高,捕食率达9 0.5%。在种内干扰条件下,其捕食作用率E随天敌密度P的增加而减少,干扰反应数学模型为E=0.4 1 9 3P-0.5 0 1 8。随着叶片数量增多,七星瓢虫和斑蚜之间的距离相对增大,造成捕食率的下降。 相似文献
15.
油菜-小麦邻作模式对麦蚜种群动态的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
为了探讨油菜-小麦邻作模式对麦蚜种群动态的控制作用,2009—2010年将小麦田和油菜田交界处设为0 m,在距0 m处2、4、6、8、16 m(包括0 m)处设立试验小区,记录麦蚜数量。邻作小麦田距离油菜田16 m处的无翅麦蚜数量最多,且与其它距离差异显著(P<0.05),而单作小麦田中各距离之间差异不显著(P>0.05);距离油菜田8~16 m处,小麦邻作田麦蚜数量的降低百分率骤减,分别从2009年的26.91%降低到1.02%和2010年的22.72%降低到0.53%。初步表明该邻作模式可以控制小麦田8 m以内的蚜虫数量。 相似文献
16.
Ron F van Toor Gaynor L Malloch Eric A Anderson Greg Dawson Brian Fenton 《Pest management science》2013,69(1):93-103
BACKGROUND: The accuracy of predicting the survival of insecticide‐resistant aphids following the application of commonly used insecticides from the carbamate, the pyrethroid, a mix of the two or the neonicotinoid chemical classes was evaluated in a potato field in Scotland. Equal proportions of five genotypes of the peach‐potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), with none, resistance to dimethyl‐carbamates, resistance to pyrethroids or combinations conferring resistance to both chemical classes were released into potato field plots. The insecticides were sprayed separately onto these plots, the aphid populations were analysed after 6–8 days and the process repeated. RESULTS: For each assessment after the three separate spray events, plots treated with the carbamate had 48, 147 and 28%, those treated with pyrethroid 53, 210 and 89%, those treated with carbamate/pyrethroid 28, 108 and 64% and those treated with neonicotinoid 43, 55 and 11% of the numbers of M. persicae by comparison with untreated controls. Only the proportions of surviving aphids from the genotype containing no insecticide resistance traits and the genotype containing elevated carboxylesterases matched ratios predicted from the selective advantage afforded by the resistance traits alone. Survival of aphids from the other three genotypes that carried 1–3 of the insecticide resistance traits differed from expectations in all cases, possibly owing to physiological differences, including their vulnerability to predators and hymenopterous parasitoids present at the site and/or their carrying unknown insecticide resistance mechanisms. CONCLUSION: Control strategies based on knowledge of the genetically determined insecticide resistance profile of an M. persicae population alone are insufficient. Hence, other important factors contributing to aphid survival under insecticide pressure need to be considered. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
17.
Alin M Puinean Jan Elias Russell Slater Anne Warren Linda M Field Martin S Williamson Chris Bass 《Pest management science》2013,69(2):195-199
BACKGROUND: Myzus persicae is a globally important aphid pest that is mainly controlled through the application of chemical insecticides. Recently, a clone of M. persicae exhibiting control‐compromising levels of resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides was described. The resistance of this clone was associated with reduced affinity of imidacloprid for the target site (the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor) as a result of mutation of a key amino acid residue (R81T) in the loop D region of a nAChR β1 subunit. The potent levels of resistance conferred by this mechanism are cause for considerable concern, and the frequency and distribution of the mutation in worldwide populations of M. persicae require careful monitoring. In this study, a high‐throughput assay has been developed that allows detection of the mutation in individual aphids. RESULTS: A real‐time TaqMan assay to detect the R81T substitution was developed that proved to be sensitive and specific in tests of analytical sensitivity and in a blind genotyping trial of DNA extracted from individual aphids comprising the three possible genotypes. The assay was then used to examine the frequency of the R81T mutation in aphids collected and stored in ethanol from peach orchards in southern France. The R81T frequency varied from 33 to 100% in seven populations from the department of Gard, France. CONCLUSIONS: This study describes a rapid and sensitive assay that very effectively detects the R81T mutation in individual aphids. The results also have practical significance for the control of M. persicae in southern France and provide contemporary data to inform current resistance management strategies. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
18.
应用酶联免疫吸附法鉴定粘虫的捕食性天敌 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
试验采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)鉴定捕食性天敌的消化道内容物。ELISA 方法敏感、快速、便于应用。用此法鉴定粘虫低龄幼虫抗原的最小检出量为0.1mg(虫重)/ml,经吸附处理的抗血清对粘虫幼虫具有高特异性而与麦蚜和天敌无交叉反应。粘虫幼虫被丁纹豹蛛取食后的最长可测时间为9.5小时(食1头)和23.5小时(食3头)。对麦田中12种天敌的鉴定结果表明:七星瓢虫和蜘蛛是粘虫低龄幼虫的主要捕食性天敌。ELISA 结果与室内测定的天敌捕食量作了比较。 相似文献
19.
The influence of co‐infection on concentration and accumulation of genetically different isolates of Potato virus Y (PVY) in potato and tobacco plants and the efficiency of transmission by Myzus persicae of PVY isolates from doubly versus singly infected plants were evaluated. The vector ability to simultaneously transmit two virus isolates was examined. Eight PVY isolates represented three strain groups: PVYO (pathotype and serotype O), PVYNW (pathotype N and serotype O), and PVYNTN (pathotype and serotype N). Different diagnostic methods, including DAS‐ELISA, multiplex RT‐PCR, aphid transmission tests and bioassays, were applied to detect the presence of PVY isolates in source and assay plants. Significant reductions in concentrations of certain PVY isolates during co‐infection with other isolates were found both in potato and tobacco plants. The observed effects were both isolate‐ and host‐dependent in form. The highest rates of virus transmission by single aphids were recorded with PVYNTN isolates, and the lowest ones with PVYO isolates. Individual aphids of M. persicae were able to simultaneously transmit two PVY isolates. The frequency of transmission was generally low, but it reached as high as 20% for one of the isolate combinations. The findings presented in the work provide proof for antagonistic within‐plant interactions between isolates of PVY, with some implications of these interactions for virus transmission by aphid vectors. Consequently, this research contributes to a better understanding of the epidemiology of the disease caused by PVY. 相似文献
20.
Insect-borne viruses promote several changes in plant phenotype, which can modify plant-vector interactions in favor of virus survival and dissemination. Although co-infections commonly occur in the field, little is known about their effects on interactions with the vector. The ecological interactions between Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus (BYDV) and its aphid vector, Rhopalosiphum padi, have been investigated extensively, but the vector’s behavior in more complex scenarios has yet to be examined. We assessed olfactory response and performance of R. padi to wheat singly and doubly infected by the pathogenic fungus Giberella zeae and BYDV. Non-viruliferous aphids preferred odors of BYDV-infected wheat over healthy wheat, as previously reported in the literature, and they were still preferentially attracted to BYDV-infected plant during co-infection. However, around 35% more non-viruliferous aphids chose healthy wheat over G. zeae-infected wheat. Viruliferous aphids did not show any preference to the treatments. BYDV-infected wheat was a superior host than healthy wheat for the aphids whose population increased in 25%. We observed a synergistic effect of the co-infected wheat, which was the best host for aphids, and promoted an elevation of 42% on population growth. Our results indicate that co-infection might be beneficial for virus spread as does not interfere with aphid olfactory preference and provides greater colony growth than in singly infected plants. 相似文献