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1.
Plant resistance has become an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) for management of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), an important pest of cotton in India. The present studies were undertaken to standardize
the plant stage and identify resistant cotton genotypes against whitefly. Nine plant stages of F846, a susceptible cotton
genotype, were exposed to whitefly for 25 days under no-choice conditions. The population buildup (eggs, nymphs, pupae and
adults) was recorded. The 12-, 14- and 16-leaf stages were suitable for plant resistance studies against whitefly, and the
14-leaf stage was taken for further studies. Ten cotton genotypes of Gossypium hirsutum and two of G. arboreum were covered with split cages in which five pairs of B. tabaci (F1) were released. The population buildup was recorded to categorize genotypes as resistant, moderately resistant, moderately
susceptible or susceptible. The experiment was repeated with F2 and F3 generation whiteflies. Based on overall average score of three experiments, LD694 was rated as resistant; LK861, Supriya,
RS2013, CNH911 and PA183 as moderately resistant; IS-376/4/1/20/72, NHH44, TxMaroon2-78, Bt 6304 and RS2098 as moderately susceptible; and F846 as susceptible. LD694 was found to be resistant in three consecutive
generations of whitefly. 相似文献
2.
传播木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒的烟粉虱隐种鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明确广东地区传播木尔坦棉花曲叶病毒(Cotton leaf curl Multan virus,CLCu Mu V)的烟粉虱隐种,采用分子鉴定、烟粉虱传毒试验与分子检测的方法,对传播CLCu Mu V的烟粉虱隐种进行了鉴定。结果表明:在广东棉花、红麻和黄秋葵曲叶病发生的田间,2014年采集的30头烟粉虱mt COI与Asia II 7隐种序列同源性为98.3%~99.6%,2015年采集的10头烟粉虱中,8头烟粉虱mt COI与MEAM1隐种序列同源性为99.2%~99.5%,2头烟粉虱mt COI与Asia II 7隐种序列同源性为99.8%~99.9%,说明烟粉虱种群包括入侵隐种MEAM1和土著隐种Asia II 7。在利用烟粉虱人工传毒试验中,MEAM1、Asia II 7和Asia II 1这3个隐种均可在棉花曲叶病株上饲毒获得CLCu Mu V及β卫星分子;除MEAM1隐种外,Asia II 7、Asia II 1隐种可传播CLCu Mu V,侵染红麻及黄秋葵植株引起曲叶病,前者传毒效率分别为50%和100%;而后者为33%和100%。以上3个烟粉虱隐种传毒接种棉花未见成功。 相似文献
3.
Morphological basis of resistance to spotted bollworm, Earias vittella (Fabricius) in Asiatic cotton
Ten genotypes of Asiatic cotton, Gossypium arboreum, viz. C-353, G 17, G 33, AC-3545, LD 491, LD 575, B 11 A, SAG-BLY (Red), Sargosi and LD 694, were screened under epiphytotic conditions against spotted bollworm, Earias vittella, at the cotton farm of the Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India, and their morphological basis of resistance to spotted bollworm was studied. The plant characters examined were plant color, leaf shape, size and shape of bract, density of gossypol glands, nectaries, hair density and hair length. Hair density was positive (r?=?0.81, P?=?0.005) and significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid by E. vittella, whereas a significantly negative (r?=?–0.66, P?=?0.038) correlation was obtained with gossypol glands. Similarly, correlation of larval population with hair density was significantly positive (r?=?0.68, P?=?0.030) and gossypol glands were negative (r?=?–0.63, P?=?0.050) and significantly correlated with larval population. The R2 values, computed together for multiple regression analysis, indicated that the morphological plant traits, viz., gossypol glands and hair density, cumulatively contributed 67% and 50% variability in the egg and larval population, respectively. Genotype B 11 A, with the lowest egg and larval population, had a high number of gossypol glands, low hair density and smaller bracts and proved to be the best, followed by LD 491. Genotypes with low hair density, smaller bracts and a greater number of gossypol glands are desirable for low oviposition and larval population of E. vittella. These characteristics should be taken into consideration when planning a resistance breeding program against spotted bollworm in arboreum cotton. 相似文献
4.
Jun Ohnishi Toshio Kitamura Fumihiro Terami Ken-ichiro Honda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(2):131-139
We studied the presence of a potential transmission barrier that blocks Tomato yellow leaf curl virus in the nonvector greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Because T. vaporariorum can ingest and retain the virus after acquisition feeding on an infected plant, comparable to the vector whitefly Bemisia tabaci, circumstance evidence suggested that a transmission barrier presents at location(s) where the virus moves from the digestive
tract lumen to the hemolymph. To provide direct evidence for the site of a transmission barrier in the nonvector insect, we
compared the accumulation levels and localization of the virus between the two species of whiteflies. Quantitative real-time
and conventional PCR analysis showed that accumulation of the virus during acquisition feeding and retention after a short
acquisition period were indistinguishable between the two species, but the circulation of the virus within the whiteflies
differed significantly between the species. In an immunofluorescence analysis using an antibody specific to the coat protein
of the virus, the virus was restricted to the luminal surface of the midgut epithelial cells and did not enter their cytoplasm
or that of the salivary glands in T. vaporariorum. In contrast, the virus was localized within the cytoplasm of the midgut epithelial cells and in the paired salivary glands
of B. tabaci adults. This direct evidence shows that a selective transmission barrier at the luminal membrane surface of midgut epithelial
cells in the nonvector whitefly blocks entrance of the virus into the midgut epithelial cells, resulting in incompetence as
a vector of the virus. 相似文献
5.
Screenhouse experiments were conducted under free-choice conditions to determine the mechanism of resistance operating in
cotton against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). Twelve cotton genotypes belonging to Gossypium hirsutum and G. arboreum were assessed for oviposition preference by whitefly. The trichome density and length, distance from lower leaf surface to
nearest vascular bundles, leaf lamina thickness and compactness of vascular bundles were estimated for each genotype and correlations
with number of eggs laid were determined. The genotypes RS2098, CNH911, and PA183 were non-preferred for oviposition and exhibited
an antixenosis mechanism of resistance. NHH44, LK861, Supriya, RS2013 and LD694 were categorized as moderately resistant while
IS-376/4/1/20/72 and F846 were categorized as susceptible. Greater leaf lamina thickness and more compact vascular bundles
were correlated with egg laying by whitefly. 相似文献
6.
为明确烟粉虱传播的番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,ToCV)与番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV)对不同番茄品种的复合侵染情况,于2015年11月在山东省寿光市温室内采集13个番茄品种共390份疑似发病植株叶片,对不同番茄品种的TYLCV抗性和2种病毒的复合侵染以及温室内发病番茄植株上烟粉虱成虫的带毒率进行检测。结果表明,采集的13个番茄品种经分子标记检测鉴定均为TYLCV杂合抗性;不同番茄品种ToCV与TYLCV的复合侵染率存在明显差异,大果番茄粉宴和贝瑞上复合侵染率最高可达73.3%,而樱桃番茄八喜上未检测到这2种病毒的复合侵染。此外,在发病番茄植株上采集的烟粉虱成虫体内可检测到2种病毒,其中烟粉虱ToCV带毒率为90.7%,TYLCV带毒率为80.0%,同时检测到ToCV与TYLCV的概率为71.3%。表明ToCV和TYLCV的复合侵染在山东省番茄生产中普遍发生,烟粉虱可同时携带这2种病毒并广泛传播。 相似文献
7.
为明确烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci MED隐种优势寄生蜂海氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus hayati ZolnerowichRose与浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia GiraultDodd对其控制效果的影响,在棉田尼龙纱网笼罩中释放烟粉虱之后,再分别单独释放海氏桨角蚜小蜂、浅黄恩蚜小蜂以及二者以不同比例组合(1∶1、1∶3、3∶1)释放,定期调查统计2种蚜小蜂对烟粉虱的寄生量和烟粉虱的种群动态。结果表明,相对于不放蜂对照,自首次放蜂后40 d开始,所有放蜂处理均能显著降低烟粉虱若虫种群密度,每100 cm~2叶片上均少于1.00头,但各处理间的烟粉虱种群密度无显著差异;海氏桨角蚜小蜂和浅黄恩蚜小蜂以3∶1比例组合释放的处理中对烟粉虱的寄生量最高,每100 cm~2棉花叶片上能达到4.25头。表明在棉田中对烟粉虱进行生物防治时,以初级寄生蜂海氏桨角蚜小蜂与复寄生蜂浅黄恩蚜小蜂为3∶1的比例释放,可以到达较好的控制效果。 相似文献
8.
为明确天津市烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci隐种的类别及其寄主适应性、传毒能力、携带内共生菌情况和抗药性,采用mt COI酶切法对从武清、西青、蓟州和宁河4个区的番茄、黄瓜及辣椒3种寄主上采集的12个烟粉虱种群进行隐种鉴定,采用PCR检测其携带番茄黄化曲叶病毒（tomato yellow leaf curl virus,TYLCV）和内共生菌情况,并采用浸叶法测定其对4种常用药剂的抗性。结果表明,采集的烟粉虱种群以MED隐种为主,占所有检测个体的93.33%,有3个种群为MED和MEAM1隐种混合发生。所有检测个体中有36.25%的个体携带TYLCV,在6个种群中检测到TYLCV,其中5个种群有超过50%的个体携带TYLCV。在12个种群中共检测到Hamiltonella、立克次氏体Rickettsia、Cardinium和杀雄菌属Arsenophnus共4种内共生菌,携带个体比例分别为90.63%、48.96%、43.75%和8.33%,进一步对内共生菌协同感染情况进行分析,发现有HARC、HRC、HAC、HR、HC和AC共6个协同感染型,感染率分别为4.17%、28.13%、3.... 相似文献
9.
为明确普通烟遭受烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci取食及与中国番茄黄化曲叶病毒(Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus,TYLCCNV)共侵染时的响应机制,采用常规生理生化指标测定法分析比较MED隐种烟粉虱取食及其与TYLCCNV共侵染处理对普通烟植株中营养组分、防御物质积累及主要氧化酶活性的影响。结果显示,与对照植株相比,烟粉虱取食及其与TYLCCNV共侵染均可导致普通烟植株中可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量明显降低,多酚含量显著升高,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性显著升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性呈现先升后降的变化趋势。与烟粉虱取食植株相比,烟粉虱与TYLCCNV共侵染后1 d时普通烟植株中可溶糖含量显著降低了21.05%,3、7和9 d时可溶性蛋白含量分别显著降低了27.40%、26.84%和20.90%;共侵染后的1、3、5和9 d时多酚含量分别显著降低了34.60%、14.30%、3.07%和15.19%;共侵染后的1、3、5和7 d时CAT活性分别提高了3.04倍、1.42倍、1.68倍和1.96倍;共侵染后7 d时POD活性显著降低,共侵染后9 d时SOD活性显著升高。表明普通烟可通过改变其营养组分及积累防御物质或提高氧化酶活性来防御烟粉虱取食及其与TYLCCNV的共侵染,而烟粉虱与TYLCCNV共侵染可诱导植株内产生较单独取食时更少的多酚类防御物质,以提高其在宿主植物上的适应性。 相似文献
10.
S-31183 was assayed against preimaginal stages of the tobacco whitefly,Bemisia tabaci (Genn.), and eggs of the Egyptian cotton leafworm,Spodoptera littoralis (Boisd.). The compound was found to be an ovicide forB. tabaci eggs in both preinfestation and postinfestation treatments. FreshS. littoralis eggs were very susceptible to the compound at 0.05 ppm a.i., response was much poorer with 1-2-day-old eggs and 2-3-day-old
eggs were not affected even by 100 ppm.
Publication of the Agricultural Research Organization. No. 2271-E, 1988 series. 相似文献
11.
Milbemectin has a chemical structure close to the group of avermectins, which are derived fromStreptomyces avermitilis, and is considered primarily an efficient miticide. Effects of milbemectin on the sweetpotato whitefly,Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, were investigated under laboratory and field conditions. In bioassays conducted under controlled chamber conditions,
the compound affected 1st instars ofB. tabaci, resulting in a LC90 of 0.06 mg a.i. I-1. Later stage larvae were much less affected. Milbemectin is highly photodegradable in sunlight. In laboratory
assays, when treated cotton seedlings were subjected to 3 h of sunlight before being exposed toB. tabaci adults, no mortality of the whiteflies was observed. Milbemectin at a concentration of 2 mg a.i. I-1 applied in combination
with 0.2% ‘Ultra Fine’ mineral oil showed a residual activity of 67% adult mortality 10 days after application, whereas milbemectin
alone had no appreciable activity. The effect of milbemectin on whitefly populations in a cotton field was compared with that
of cypermethrin and of untreated control. Although milbemectin was not applied with mineral oil, it was more effective than
cypermethrin in controlling the whitefly populations. This insecticide/miticide seems not to affect appreciably natural enemies
ofB. tabaci. Milbemectin may be considered a compound with the potential for controllingB. tabaci populations. Mineral oils enhanced the potency of milbemectin on both whitefly larvae and adults.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting July 27, 1999. Contribution No. 501/99 from the Inst. of Plant Protection, Agricultural
Research Organization. 相似文献
12.
为评价释放前经历饥饿对浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia(GiraultDodd)寄生取食粉虱能力的影响,以3龄Q隐种烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci Q和温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum若虫为寄主,在2种粉虱单独或同时存在的情况下,比较释放前经适度饥饿、初羽化未饥饿和初羽化喂饲蜂蜜水3种处理的浅黄恩蚜小蜂对2种粉虱寄主的寄生和取食选择情况。结果表明,在2种粉虱单独存在时,经适度饥饿6 h的浅黄恩蚜小蜂寄生的烟粉虱和温室白粉虱显著多于其它处理,而且能取食更多的温室白粉虱,经适度饥饿的寄生蜂在24 h内通过寄生和取食杀死烟粉虱和温室白粉虱的总量分别为12.5头和12.9头。在2种粉虱同时存在时,适度饥饿寄生蜂取食2种粉虱的总量明显高于其它处理,但不同处理间无显著差异,适度饥饿寄生蜂通过寄生和取食杀死2种粉虱的数量最多为11.5头,显著高于未饥饿处理的6.5头。表明释放前经历适度饥饿可以明显提高浅黄恩蚜小蜂寄生和取食粉虱若虫的能力。 相似文献
13.
烟粉虱基因组和转录组研究及展望 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci(Gennadius)是世界性的重要害虫,为物种复合体,其中少数隐种近30年来入侵世界各国,并暴发成灾。在我国,最近几年MED隐种已经逐渐替代了之前入侵的MEAM1隐种,成为我国农田生态系统中的主要致害隐种。基因组和转录组研究的不断深入极大地推动了烟粉虱入侵机制、隐种替代机制、种系发生、不同隐种或地理种群鉴定、抗药性机制、烟粉虱与共生菌互作等领域的研究。本文简要综述了烟粉虱基因组和转录组测序的研究进展,介绍了转录组数据在种的分化和鉴定、共生菌的互作及抗药性研究领域的应用。 相似文献
14.
15.
Thomas A Houndété Guillaume K Kétoh Omer SA Hema Thierry Brévault Isabelle A Glitho Thibaud Martin 《Pest management science》2010,66(11):1181-1185
BACKGROUND: The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), has developed a high degree of resistance to several chemical classes of insecticides throughout the world. To evaluate the resistance status in West Africa, eight insecticides from different chemical families were tested using the leaf‐dip method on four field populations collected from cotton in Benin, Togo and Burkina Faso. RESULTS: Some field populations showed a significant loss of susceptibility to pyrethroids such as deltamethrin [resistance ratio (RR) 3–5] and bifenthrin (RR 4–36), to organophosphates (OPs) such as dimethoate (RR 8–15) and chlorpyrifos (RR 5–7) and to neonicotinoids such as acetamiprid (RR 7–8) and thiamethoxam (RR 3–7). Bemisia tabaci was also resistant to pymetrozine (RR 3–18) and to endosulfan (RR 14–30). CONCLUSION: The resistance of B. tabaci to pyrethroids and OPs is certainly due to their systematic use in cotton treatments for more than 30 years. Acetamiprid has been recently introduced for the control of whiteflies. Unfortunately, B. tabaci populations from Burkina Faso seem to be already resistant. Because cross‐resistance between these compounds has never been observed elsewhere, resistance to neonicotinoids could be due to the presence of an invasive B. tabaci biotype recently detected in the region. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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17.
Pyriproxyfen, a novel juvenile hormone mimic, is a potent suppressor of embryogenesis and adult formation of the sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), and the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood). Dipping of cotton or tomato seedlings infested with 0 to 1-day-old eggs in 0.1 mg litre?1 resulted in over 90% suppression of egg hatch of both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. Older eggs were affected to a lesser extent. Exposure of whitefly females to cotton or tomato seedlings treated with pyriproxyfen resulted in oviposition of non-viable eggs. The LC90 values for egg viability of B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum exposed to treated plants were 0.05 and 0.2 mg litre?1, respectively. Treatment of whitefly larvae with 0.04–5 mg litre?1 resulted in normal development until the pupal stage; however, adult emergence was totally suppressed. Second instars of B. tabaci exposed to 5 mg litre?1 pyriproxyfen, excreted honeydew at a level similar to the control level until the fourth instar (pupation), after which a strong reduction was observed. Inhibition of egg-hatch on the lower surface of cotton leaves was observed when their upper surface was treated with 1–25 mg litre?1, indicating a pronounced translaminar effect. These findings indicate that pyriproxyfen is an efficient control agent of both B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum. The compound has been used successfully for controlling whiteflies in Israeli cotton fields since 1991. Adults of B. tabaci collected from a rose greenhouse and from adjacent cotton fields were monitored during 1991–1993 for their susceptibility to pyriproxyfen. A high level of resistance was recorded in whiteflies collected from a greenhouse after three successive applications of pyriproxyfen. Based on LC50 values, the resistance ratio for egg-hatch suppression was 554-fold and, for adult emergence failure, 10-fold. However, a single treatment of pyriproxyfen in cotton fields during the summer season (according to an insecticide resistance management (IRM) strategy) did not alter appreciably the susceptibility of B. tabaci to this compound. In order to prevent development of resistance, an attempt should be made to restrict its use to one treatment per crop season applied during the peak activity of the pest. Pyriproxyfen can be alternated with other novel compounds such as buprofezin and diafenthiuron for controlling whiteflies in cotton, vegetables and ornamentals as part of integrated pest management (IPM) and IRM strategies. In pyriproxyfen- or buprofezin-resistant strains of B. tabaci or T. vaporariorum, no appreciable cross-resistance was observed among pyriproxyfen, buprofezin and diafenthiuron. 相似文献
18.
Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), the sweetpotato whitefly, has only one known entomophthoralean pathogen,Erynia radicans (Entomophthoraceae). Two new pathogens have been isolated recently from a glasshouse population of this pest:Conidiobolus coronatus and another, undescribed species ofConidiobolus (Entomophthorales: Ancylistaceae). Artificial inoculation experiments revealed that eggs ofB. tabaci are practically immune to infection by either species. Second-instar larvae are highly resistant, only high doses of conidia
causing between <1% and 4.6% mortality. Adults were found to be much more susceptible. Doses of 60 conidia/mm2 ofC. coronatus caused average mortalities ofca 95%. The maximum mortality of adults caused byConidiobolus sp. was much lower,ca 30%, at a dose of 210 conidia/mm2. The incubation period (inoculation to death) for both species, under our experimental conditions, is very short: 18–24 h
forC. coronatus and 30 h forConidiobolus sp. Both fungi produced loricoconidia (conidia metamorphosed into resting spores) on cotton leaves and other dry surfaces.
This ability allowedConidiobolus sp. to remain viable for 17–21 days on cotton leaves, in glasshouse conditions and in the absence of hosts, whileC. coronatus persisted for 10–14 days. 相似文献
19.
中国部分农区作物上本地烟粉虱隐种的鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci是一个至少包括36个不同隐种的物种复合体,为明确中国本地烟粉虱隐种的分布,采用线粒体COI基因(mt COI)分子标记法对2011—2012年在中国27个省(市)61个烟粉虱种群中获得的45个非B/Q隐种烟粉虱个体进行了隐种鉴定和分析,并利用邻接法基于mt COI序列构建了本地烟粉虱隐种的系统发育树。结果显示:45个非B/Q隐种烟粉虱对应的45条线粒体COI序列中共有10个单倍型,所有单倍型分别属于烟粉虱Asia II 2、Asia II 6、Asia II 7、Asia I与China1隐种,均为我国本地隐种。其中,在安徽省发现烟粉虱Asia II 2和China1隐种,在福建省发现Asia II 6和China1隐种,在海南省发现Asia II和Asia I隐种,在广东省发现Asia II 7隐种,在江西省发现China1隐种。表明中国部分农区作物上仍然存在少量的本地烟粉虱。 相似文献
20.
山东寿光地区Q型烟粉虱对番茄褪绿病毒的传播 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为明确山东寿光地区Q型烟粉虱对番茄褪绿病毒(Tomato chlorosis virus,To CV)感病流行的影响及其传毒特性,于2014年调查了该地区设施番茄上烟粉虱种群动态与To CV发病情况,利用特异引物对烟粉虱体内To CV进行了RT-PCR检测;并在室内测定了带毒Q型烟粉虱取食时间和种群数量对To CV感病株率的影响。结果表明,在番茄发病植株上采集的烟粉虱种群体内可检测到To CV;春茬番茄To CV发病株率随烟粉虱种群数量增加而逐渐升高,4—6月是To CV发生高峰期,6月22日发病株率达100%;秋茬番茄烟粉虱种群数量从10月下旬明显下降,而To CV发病株率升高,11月12日发病株率达100%;室内试验表明,To CV感病株率随着带毒Q型烟粉虱数量与取食时间的增加而明显升高。研究表明,Q型烟粉虱能有效传播To CV,且其种群数量对To CV发病株率存在显著影响,可通过防控烟粉虱以控制To CV的危害。 相似文献