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1.
Soichi Tanaka Yuko Fujiwara Yoshihisa Fujii Shogo Okumura Hiroyoshi Togo Naoya Kukutsu Shoji Mochizuki 《Journal of Wood Science》2013,59(5):367-374
To evaluate the dielectric anisotropy caused by wood structure at a millimeter wave frequency of 100 GHz, the dielectric parameters for flat-sawn specimens of nine wood species at 0 and 11 % moisture content (MC) were measured using a free space method devised for reducing the multiple reflections under an electric field of millimeter waves parallel to longitudinal and tangential directions of wood, and those in radial direction were estimated using a conventional approximation theory. The dielectric parameters in the tangential and radial directions were almost identical and constantly smaller than those in the longitudinal direction. All the dielectric parameters increased with wood density and were larger at 11 than 0 % MC. The dielectric parameters in the longitudinal and transverse directions and the dielectric anisotropy between them were well fitted to the regression lines based on a dielectric mixture model composed of pores and dielectric isotropic wood substance, and a parallel capacitor and Lichtenecker’s exponential formulas were employed to represent the dielectric parameters of the mixture in the longitudinal and transverse directions, respectively. It was concluded that the dielectric anisotropy at 100 GHz is caused by the pore alignment and that the dielectric parameters are almost unaffected by anatomical structures, such as the rays. It was also confirmed that the free space method was effective for the measurement of the dielectric parameters for the flat-sawn specimens. 相似文献
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Soichi Tanaka Keiichiro Shiraga Yuichi Ogawa Yoshihisa Fujii Shogo Okumura 《Journal of Wood Science》2014,60(2):111-116
The use of an effective medium theory is important when accurately measuring wood density using millimeter and terahertz wave techniques. To confirm the applicability of this theory to the evaluation of wood density, the relative permittivity and dielectric loss of oven-dry flat-sawn specimens of 11 different wood species were measured in a frequency range of 0.15–1.2 THz using a transmission measurement system for terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. A mixture model based on the effective medium theory well explained the density dependence of relative permittivity over the entire frequency range, while it did not fully explain that of dielectric loss, especially for higher frequencies. This indicates that wood scatters the terahertz wave with a wavelength close to the transverse sectional dimensions of the pores in wood in the same way as Mie scattering. It was found from the dielectric loss spectrum of wood substance that the frequency around 0.23 THz was preferable for the nondestructive evaluation of wood. 相似文献
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Soichi Tanaka Keiichiro Shiraga Yuichi Ogawa Yoshihisa Fujii Shogo Okumura 《Journal of Wood Science》2014,60(3):194-200
To clarify the effect of pore conformation on the dielectric anisotropy of wood, the relative permittivity along the longitudinal and tangential axes of flat-sawn oven-dry specimens of 12 different wood species was measured using terahertz time-domain transmission spectroscopy and compared with the values calculated using the eigenvalue problem for two-dimensional photonic crystals. The measured dielectric anisotropy, which is the ratio of the relative permittivity along longitudinal axis to that along the tangential axis, was well explained by the calculated value. It was concluded that the ratio of tangential to radial widths of wood pores affects the relative permittivity along the tangential axis, and that the dielectric anisotropy decreased with an increase in the ratio. This discussion can also be applied to the relative permittivity in frequencies below 0.15 THz. These findings show promise as a new method for evaluating the porous structure of wood. 相似文献
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Summary Dielectric measurements at 3 GHz were made for three softwoods, European pine, spruce and hemlock. The longitudinal, radial and tangential grain directions of the wood were considered as well as moisture contents ranging from 6% to 35%. The positive effect of the moisture content on the loss factor illustrates the selectivity of microwave drying techniques, while the observations also show that the longitudinal dielectric properties are substantially higher than the transverse ones. The specific effect of the wood species on the dielectric behaviour has to be ascribed mainly to those intrinsic characteristics of the species which influence the sorptive capacity of the wood. 相似文献
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基于优化卷积神经网络的木材缺陷检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对深度学习中的卷积神经网络算法,在木材无损检测过程中存在缺陷定位不准确、缺陷轮廓和边界信息不完整、识别精度需进一步提高等问题,利用非下采样剪切波变换最优稀疏表示特性,以及简单线性迭代聚类算法能很好地保持像素紧凑度和图像边界轮廓的优点,设计了一种优化的卷积神经网络算法,以提高木材无损检测的准确率。首先采用非下采样剪切波变换对采集的木材图像进行简单预处理,保留木材图像的缺陷特征不丢失,降低图像处理的复杂度以及运算量;然后利用卷积神经网络对木材图像实现深层次的算法设计,同时应用简单线性迭代聚类算法对初步模型进行增强改进,提取出相对准确的木材缺陷轮廓;最后通过反复调整参数和调试优化器,优化卷积神经网络算法的收敛速度,提高学习和运算效率,完善卷积神经网络对木材缺陷轮廓的提取,在降低运算复杂度的同时,提高其精度,具有良好的鲁棒性。相比径向基函数(RBF)神经网络、向后反馈-径向基函数(BP-RBF)混合神经网络和卷积神经网络,本算法对木材缺陷具有更好的识别效果,其识别准确率达到98.6%左右,且识别时间相对更短。 相似文献
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Interfacial compatibility is a crucial factor to the performance of wood-plastic composites （WPCs）. Yet, so far, the coupling mechanisms of WPC have not been completely understood. In order to further clarify the interfacial coupling mechanism, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor of Simon poplar wood flour/polypropylene composites without additives at different wood contents were measured at oven-dry state, and parameters and thermodynamic quantities of the relaxation process were also analyzed and calculated. Consequently, an obvious relaxation process based on the reorientation of methanol groups in amorphous region of wood cell wall was observed exactly that its dielectric loss factor peak decreased with the decreasing wood content within the measured range of 50%-100%. With the trend of dielectric relaxation strength, the two changing trends both revealed that the existence of polypropylene could hinder reorientation of methanol groups. Following the decreasing wood contents, the effect of the hindrance on the dielectric properties turned obvious gradually. It elucidated that introduction of polypropylene caused the quantities of hydrogen bonds formed between each methanol group and the groups around it change. The same conclusion could be drawn from the analysis of thermodynamic quantities during the dielectric relaxation progress. 相似文献
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Dielectric measurements at 9.8GHz and 2.45GHz were made for the three hardwoods Euramerican hybrid poplar, alder, and oriental beech. The method used was based on Von Hippels transmission line method. The measurements were carried out at room temperature of 20°–24°C. The dielectric properties of the wood species were determined for the three principal structural directions at six different moisture conditions, covering the range of 0% to 28% moisture content. Results indicated that the behavior of all wood species studied is quantitatively similar. In general, the dielectric properties increase within the range studied with rising moisture content. The grain direction of the wood also plays a significant role. 相似文献
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林木种子介电常数的无损检测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
介绍了一套林木种子介电常数的无损检测装置,提出了一种能够有效消除某些测量误差的测试方法。对林木种子的实际测试表明,种子的介电常数测试对介电分选理论有着很现实的意义。 相似文献
11.
Georgiana Daian Alexander Taube Amikam Birnboim Mihai Daian Yury Shramkov 《Wood Science and Technology》2006,40(3):237-246
A method for calculating the complex dielectric permittivity of an anisotropic wood structure at microwave frequencies is
presented. A numerical model for describing the 3D wood structure containing fibers, rays, vessels and cracks with changeable
dimensions and material composition is built. This model is introduced into an efficient solver that calculates the effective
dielectric constant of any 3D structure of dielectric materials. Using our numerical model we succeeded in theoretically reproducing
the results of recent measurements of the dielectric permittivity of wood, in various directions and various moisture contents.
The qualitative agreement is realistic, reproducing all the trends of the changes in ɛ as the direction of the electric field
and the moisture content are varied. The quantitative agreement is practical and reliable for engineering calculations with
an average deviation of ±10% in ɛ′ and ±5% in ɛ′′. As microwave processing of wood involves internal temperatures as high
as 150°C and pressures of up to 5 atm, the dielectric properties of wood were also calculated with the same numerical model
by simulating high internal temperature and pressure. A comparison between the calculated and measured values shows once again
how accurate the model reproduces the empirical study. 相似文献
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Liquefied wood is a naturally based product which has the potential to be used as an adhesive. The bonding of wood with liquefied wood requires a high enough temperature to cure the liquid polymers and achieve bond strength. Dielectric analysis, rheometry and differential scanning calorimetry were used to analyse the curing process of low solvent liquefied wood. For the liquefaction, ethylene glycol was used as a solvent and sulphuric acid was used as a catalyst. The dielectric analysis was used for in situ measurements of the curing of liquefied wood during the bonding of wood. It was found that curing started after a temperature of 100 °C had been reached in the bond. This is correlated with the water evaporation and the diffusion of water and ethylene glycol from the liquefied wood into the wood substrate. Rheological measurements proved the influence of the substrate on the curing of the liquefied wood during bonding. Differential scanning calorimetry showed that the curing of liquefied wood occurs in two parts: first, the initial elimination of water and ethylene glycol from the liquefied wood, and then the chemical reaction of the liquefied wood at higher temperatures. 相似文献
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6种白腐菌腐朽后的山杨木材和木质素官能团变化的红外光谱分析 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
选择火木层孔菌及 5种木材降解能力较强的阔叶树上的白腐菌 :粗毛盖菌、偏肿拟栓菌、三色革裥菌、冬拟多孔菌和血红密孔菌 ,采用国内外红外光谱分析的标准方法 ,用傅里叶红外光谱仪测定未腐朽材木粉和受 6种白腐菌腐朽 12 0d后的腐朽材木粉试样的红外光谱图。刮取未腐朽的山杨木材样品和受 6种白腐菌腐朽 12 0d时的山杨木材样品表层少许 ,在干燥条件下 ,分别放入KBr中 ,磨细 ,压片 ,然后在FTIR光谱仪上进行测定 ,得到经 6种白腐菌降解 12 0d后的木材木粉和未腐朽材木粉其木材和木质素官能团谱峰位置和谱峰相对吸收强度的振动变化状况 ,进而分析腐朽后的山杨木材和木质素官能团的变化情况 ,以作为木材白腐菌对山杨材生物降解机制的进一步研究。结果表明 ,受 6种白腐菌腐朽后的山杨木材和木质素官能团都受到一定程度的降解 ,但各自的变化情况有所不同。对木质素的降解主要是存在于侧链上 ,虽然苯环骨架变化不明显 ,但木质素苯环间的羰基、CH2 结构、紫丁香基和愈疮木基等侧链已部分被降解。从各吸收峰相对吸收强度的变化大小来看 ,血红密孔菌、冬拟多孔菌、三色革裥菌和偏肿拟栓菌对木质素降解的程度大于粗毛盖菌和火木层孔菌对木质素降解的程度 相似文献
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m0DUrn0NStUapngthemachinevislonsystemistOraiseautomahonlevelOfdefectsinspechonandtOimProvePredctsquality.Inthispaper,themainfunhonOfthisknOwledge-basedmachinevisionsystemistodetectUndsirable"defecs"thatcanamparonthesutheeoftheroughwoodlumbers.F0ramachinevisionsystemtohandieacomPlexProblem,alotofaPriorknOwedgemustbeembeddedideitinanorsanibomanner.Itisimportanttokeepdomain-specificknOWedgeseparatefrOmageneralknOwedgeaboutthenetWrkinSpechonPrObIeminordertOmakeasystemeasilyadaPtabletodi… 相似文献
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利用Radon函数变换对木材纹理方向自动检测的研究(英文) 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文提出一种利用计算机自动检测木材纹理方向的新方法。四种Matlab 图像变换函数被尝试用于木材纹理形状的检测。通过比较发现BWMORPH 是最适于检测木材这类中弱纹理的函数,并提取生成了木材纹理骨骼线图像;再对木材纹理骨骼线图像进行Radon变换,得到0°~180°范围内每一角度上的纹理线在投影变换域的积分值,并绘制出纹理线积分值随角度变化的二维曲线图以反映木材纹理角度上的变化规律。进而分析了国内40 个树种的纹理方向曲线图以及它们以针叶、阔叶树材和径向、弦向切面作区别的分类统计规律。结果显示,根据Radon 变换图及其纹理曲线图所反映的木材纹理的方向性规律与人们平常对木材纹理的印象相吻合。这也证明了此种新方法的有效性以及它的应用潜力。图7参6。 相似文献
19.
Cao Jin-zhen Yu Li-li You Xiao-di Kamdem D. Pascal 《中国林学(英文版)》2007,9(4):239-245
In order to clarify the interaction between copper and wood substances in wood treated with copper containing water-borne wood preservatives, the dielectric constant ε′ and dielectric loss factor ε″ of untreated wood and wood treated with four concentration levels of copper-ethanolamine (Cu-EA) solutions were determined within a temperature range from –100 to 40°C and a frequency range from 100 to 1 MHz. Three dielectric relaxation processes were observed in the ε″ spectrum; among them R-I is based on the reorientation of methylol groups in the amorphous region of wood cell walls and R-II is related to wood extractives. R-III appeared in Cu-EA treated wood, and its magnitude decreases with the concentration of Cu-EA solutions used in this experiment. This relaxation process was considered to be based on the reorientation of copper-ethanolamine-wood complexes in wood cell walls. At low copper retention, the hydrogen in the complex can form hydrogen bonding with adjacent hydroxyl groups, which results in a strong bonding state between copper and wood; at high copper retention, the numerous copper-ethanolamine complexes not only hinder them from forming hydrogen bonding with adjacent wood molecules due to steric hindrance, but also weaken the interaction between wood molecules themselves, which corresponds to reducing ε″ values of both R-I and R-III processes. The results explain the fact of in-creasing copper leaching in wood treated with high concentration copper-based water-borne preservatives. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(3):212-218
Abstract In Europe, large quantities of oak wood are available and industrial partners showed interest in bleached oak as oak's reinterpretation in order to reintroduce it on the design furniture market. In the present work besides oak two further wood species beech and black locust were also examined in comparison. Bleaching of beech has a relative well-established technique and can be done with good results with H2O2, contrary to oak where bleaching with the same agent results in a spotty discoloration of the surface with high-greenish incrust. A second substance is suggested to be used, to achieve the same significant bleaching effect for oak and black locust as for beech. As bleached wood surfaces are also subject to color changes due to sun radiation, bleached samples of the three wood species were exposed to artificial xenon radiation and their behavior was investigated, with focus on the influence of the type of application. Expecting industrial-scale application the possible influence of application type on the measure of total color change was also investigated. The feature of color development was described as exponential function of time for all three wood species and all three application methods. 相似文献