共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
1.
交替隔沟灌条件下夏玉米棵间蒸发研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用微型蒸发器观测了交替隔沟灌和常规沟灌条件下夏玉米的棵间蒸发量,分析了棵间蒸发、降雨量和参照腾发量的变化趋势以及不同土壤水分处理下隔沟灌和常规沟灌夏玉米棵间蒸发的日变化规律;探讨了相对蒸发强度与叶面积指数之间的关系,并拟合了棵间蒸发与叶面积指数之间的回归方程;最后指明了在充分供水条件下,相对蒸发强度与表层土壤含水量有极其敏感的关系.试验结果表明,交替隔沟灌条件下的棵间蒸发量小于相同水分处理的常规沟灌的棵间蒸发量,随着土壤水分下限值的增加,交替隔沟灌和常规沟灌间棵间蒸发量的差值越来越小;相对蒸发强度随着叶面积指数的增加而下降,随着表层土壤含水量的增加而增加. 相似文献
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垄植沟灌夏玉米棵间蒸发试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探明沟灌夏玉米农田棵间蒸发规律,采用自制不同直径的棵间蒸发皿在夏玉米全生育期内分别于每天早上8点加以观测,对不同水分下限条件下沟灌夏玉米大田总蒸发量及垄面、沟面蒸发量进行了试验研究.结果表明沟灌夏玉米棵间蒸发量随着土壤水分下限降低呈减少的趋势,在全生育期内棵间蒸发在拔节前占很大比例,苗期和拔节期农田棵间蒸发量各占蒸腾量的90%和40%左右;拟合不同水分处理沟面和垄面蒸发的线性方程,相关系数在0.8以上;最后对比苗期和抽雄后期垄沟蒸发过程,两者都随着时间推移呈减小的趋势.垄面蒸发和沟面蒸发的比例约为20∶13,这为以后沟灌夏玉米农田土壤水分循环模拟提供了数据参考,在沟灌夏玉米农田蒸发中,应在拔节期前控制棵间蒸发量达到节水的目的. 相似文献
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基于HYDRUS-3D不同沟灌方式下水盐运移模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《节水灌溉》2017,(10)
为了探究不同沟灌方式下田间土壤水分及盐分运移规律,选定甘肃省景泰川电力提灌灌区为研究区,以田间分区试验为基础,运用HYDRUS-3D模型对交替隔沟灌(AFI)、常规沟灌(CFI)及固定隔沟灌(FFI)3种沟灌方式下土壤水盐运移进行模拟,并用田间试验数据对模拟结果进行验证。结果表明:不同沟灌方式下土壤各层含水率变化趋势基本一致,常规沟灌深层含水率约为32%,高于其他两种沟灌方式;土壤含盐量受沟灌方式及灌水量的影响较为显著,灌水量越大,洗盐效果越明显;从长周期来看,土壤盐分均出现不同程度累积,0~20 cm层常规沟灌积盐率为22%,固定隔沟灌为26%,交替隔沟灌为10%,交替隔沟灌对于控制盐分的积累效果最好。 相似文献
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《中国农村水利水电》2016,(6)
通过冬小麦、夏玉米周年连作种植试验,观测不同灌水方式根层土壤水分的动态变化,揭示了不同灌水方式和土层深度土壤含水率的变化规律,建立不同时期、不同土层的土壤水含量变化曲线,进而研究出冬小麦、夏玉米不同生育阶段的耗水规律。结果表明:夏玉米生育期土壤含水量波动较冬小麦频繁,周年内,水分处理越高,土壤含水量波动越大,0~20cm土层内土壤含水率波动频率大,且波动幅度也较大,随着土层加深,土壤含水量波动减小;两种作物都是拔节期到灌浆期耗水量最大,约占全生育期耗水量的45%~50%;与传统畦灌模式相比,沟灌各水分处理的耗水量减少38.15~44.13mm,水分利用效率提高9.17%~22.73%。其中L-70处理的产量较高,耗水量适度,水分生产效率最高,小麦、玉米分别平均达到1.84、1.81kg/m3,满足节水高产的宗旨。 相似文献
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小麦/玉米套作及其相应单作群体棵间土壤蒸发规律 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过大田实验,对比分析河套灌区小麦/玉米套作与单作小麦、单作玉米棵间土壤蒸发的差异及其规律。结果表明,单作小麦、小麦/玉米套作和单作玉米的棵间土壤蒸发量占总耗水量的比例分别为28.8%、38.6%和29.9%;套作群体全生育期的棵间土壤蒸发量显著高于单作,且日均棵间土壤蒸发量为1.06 mm/d,高于单作小麦0.85 mm/d和单作玉米0.90 mm/d。不同生育期棵间土壤蒸发的日变化规律基本一致,峰值出现在中午12:00~14:00之间,不同种植模式下棵间蒸发占蒸散发的比例与叶面积指数均呈良好的指数关系,同时棵间土壤蒸发与表层土壤含水率均呈脉冲波动变化,且灌溉后波动幅度增大。 相似文献
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冷凉地区膜下滴灌大白菜耗水规律及节水潜力 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探索冷凉地区露地大白菜在膜下滴灌条件下的耗水规律与节水潜力,在张家口市灌溉试验站内使用大型称重式蒸渗仪,采用灌水下限指标控制灌水的方法,研究了在膜下滴灌条件下大白菜生育期内蒸发蒸腾与棵间蒸发规律,并通过与常规滴灌和膜孔畦灌的耗水量、产量和水分利用效率等对比,揭示了膜下滴灌在该地区节水增产潜力.结果表明:膜下滴灌大白菜全生育期蒸发蒸腾量214.76 mm,其中:幼苗期、莲座期和结球期蒸腾耗水量分别为14.76,73.56和126.44 mm,日均蒸腾强度为3.64 mm/d;全生育期棵间土壤蒸发量41.10 mm,占总耗水量的19.14%.膜下滴灌相比常规滴灌、膜孔畦灌减少大白菜耗水量14.25,94.17 mm,棵间蒸发与膜孔畦灌相近,相比常规滴灌减少16.18 mm(28.25%),但产量、灌溉水利用效率和水分利用效率可以分别达到80 439.75 kg/hm2,350.24 kg/(hm2·mm),374.56 kg/(hm2·mm),相比常规滴灌提升11 152.65 kg/hm2,18.89 kg/(hm2·mm),72.54 kg/(hm2·mm),相比膜孔畦灌提升14.7 kg/hm2,134.11 kg/(hm2·mm),114.23 kg/(hm2·mm). 相似文献
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不同灌水定额条件下夏玉米生长发育及耗水特性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
试验以土壤含水率作为灌水下限控制指标研究了不同灌水定额处理下夏玉米的几个农艺性状、耗水特性及水分利用效率的变化。结果表明,生育前期灌水定额太低（≤45mm）会抑制夏玉米地上部植株的生长;随着灌水定额的增大,夏玉米的籽粒产量和果穗性状得到了提高和优化,其耗水量也不断增加,高灌水定额处理（105mm和120mm）的百粒重显著大于其他处理;不同灌水定额处理条件下夏玉米的WUE在2．34～3．03kg／m^3之间,其中灌水定额105mm处理的WUE显著大于其他处理,是兼顾产量与节水效益的最佳处理。 相似文献
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不同沟灌条件下土壤入渗参数的估算 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
土壤入渗特性是决定沟灌灌水性能的重要参数之一。根据田间实测资料,采用水量平衡原理,利用In filt v5软件,对夏玉米田常规沟灌、固定隔沟灌和交替隔沟灌溉条件下田间土壤入渗参数的简易试验估算方法进行了研究。结果证明,用提出的方法估算不同沟灌方式下的土壤入渗参数简易可行,估算得到的水流推进曲线与利用实测资料拟合的曲线几乎完全重合;不同沟灌方式之间由于表层土壤干燥度及水平方向上的吸力梯度存在差异,估算得到的土壤入渗参数亦有所不同,表明沟灌方式不同对土壤入渗参数的确定会产生一定的影响。 相似文献
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Since 1982 tests of rice irrigation technique of controlled soil moisture content have been carried out at the Mairendian Testing Station of Hohai University and Jining Water Conservancy Bureau. The results prove that the water consumption (including ecological and physiological consumption) and output of rice vary considerably according to the different irrigation techniques used. In this paper, the water-saving effects are explained in terms of correlation between the varieties of ecological environment of rice growing and physiological indices such as soil moisture, soil air, soil temperature, leaf area index and stoma aperture etc., and rice root growth and a formation of an ideal colony. This irrigation technique makes watering quota most economical and efficient. The water consumption is reduced by 41% and only 46.8% of water are required for flooding irrigation. Rice yield increases by 15%. Not only are interplant evaporation and field seepage greatly reduced but also transpiration is greatly reduced under controlled irrigation. New water consumption pattern of rice growing is thus formed. 相似文献
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泾惠渠灌区畦长对夏玉米耗水特性和产量影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
泾惠渠灌区中畦田规格参差不齐,灌区由于畦田过长而造成的灌溉水量浪费屡见不鲜,不仅没有形成高产而且极大的造成了水资源的浪费。通过大田与小区试验相结合,以当地农民习惯的灌溉方式为对照,设置3个灌溉畦长处理(80、120、240 m),每个处理设置3次重复,改水为80%。研究了灌溉畦长对夏玉米在生育期内的耗水特性和产量的影响,土壤水分分布与产量及其构成因素的关系等问题,选择出兼顾节水高产可行的最优畦长。研究结果表明:在生育期灌水后,80和120 m处理畦长内畦首、畦中和畦尾的土壤相对含水率较为均匀无显著差异,240 m处理畦长畦首、畦中和畦尾的土壤相对含水率产生显著性差异;80和120 m处理夏玉米在畦首、畦中和畦尾灌水均匀度较为平均且无显著差异,240 m畦长处理差异较为显著,且80 m畦长处理产量分布最为平均、平均水分利用效率最高产量为1.021 839万kg/hm2,水分利用效率为25.12 kg/(hm2·mm)。综合夏玉米产量及其分布、水分利用效率等因素,在泾惠渠灌区80 m的灌溉畦长是兼顾节水高产的最适宜畦长,该结论以期为泾惠渠灌区大田作物高产节水提供一定理论依据。 相似文献
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采用埋深 1 0 cm的微孔渗灌管对日光温室晚春茬生菜进行了渗灌试验 ,并与沟灌进行了对比。结果表明 ,晚春茬生菜采用渗灌有明显的节水增产效果 ,与沟灌相比可节水 1 9.0 %、增产 1 5 .4 %。通过与栽培措施相结合采用渗灌成功地进行了生菜的定植。渗灌管浅埋灌水可以使表层土壤较快地湿润 ,并达到蔬菜生长所要求的水分 ,同时显著减少灌溉水的深层渗漏 ,提高灌溉水的利用率。温室生菜的田间蒸散量与温室内的蒸发力有直接关系 ,生育期内的日平均田间蒸散量为 2 .0 8mm/d,比沟灌温室内的高。 相似文献
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为了探究沟灌方式下不同灌水处理对夏玉米主要性状及水资源利用效率的影响,采用基于熵权法的模糊物元模型,以大田夏玉米为试验材料,进行了常规沟灌(conventional furrow irrigation,CFI)和宽垄沟灌(wide-ridge furrow irrigation,WFI)种植下3种灌水水平(土壤水分控制下限分别设置为田间持水量的60%,70%和80%)对夏玉米形态指标(株高、叶面积)、产量性状(穗长、穗粗、百粒质量、产量)以及水资源利用效率(灌溉利用效率、水分生产效率)的影响分析.结果表明:同一水分处理下,夏玉米WFI灌溉组合方案优于CFI灌溉组合方案;对于水资源相对丰富地区建议采用WFI-70%θ灌溉方案,对于水资源相对匮乏地区建议采用WFI-60%θ灌溉方案;基于熵权法的模糊物元模型较CRITIC法的模糊物元模型评价效果更好,基于熵权法的模糊物元模型对沟灌夏玉米主要性状和水资源利用效率方面具有一定的应用价值.该研究为沟灌夏玉米合理灌溉提供了科学依据. 相似文献
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棵间土壤蒸发是控制性交替灌溉条件下农田土壤耗水的重要组成部分,为了了解沈阳地区潮棕壤土条件下大豆田不同控制性交替灌溉制度下的土壤蒸发变化规律,对土壤蒸发进行预报,采用Micro-lysimeters(MLS)对不同灌溉处理下的土壤蒸发量进行了测定,并建立了以气象因子、土壤含水率和叶面积指数为自变量的土壤蒸发的预报模型.结果表明,在本试验的条件下,各处理的相对土壤蒸发率(E/ET0)与表层土壤含水率(θ)的关系均呈指数函数形式,决定系数在0.71以上.各处理的E/ET0与LAI之间亦呈很好的指数函数关系,决定系数均在0.78以上. 相似文献
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Partial rootzone irrigation (PRI) can substantially reduce irrigation amount and has been demonstrated as a promising irrigation method for crops in arid or semiarid areas. Many earlier researches have shown that PRI reduces leaf transpiration by narrowing stomatal opening. In this study we verified the hypothesis that PRI can also save irrigation water by substantially reducing soil evaporation. Field experiment was conducted in an arid area where cotton production almost completely relies on irrigation. Water was applied to furrows in the cotton field either alternatively (AFI, alternative furrow irrigation), or evenly to all the furrows (CFI, conventional furrow irrigation), or to one fixed furrow in every two (FFI, fixed furrow irrigation). Our results show that surface evaporation constitutes a large fraction of the irrigation water loss from cropped field (more than 20%), and with the two PRI treatments nearly 40% of the evaporative water loss is saved. Transpiration accounted for 48%, 58% and 57% of the total amount of irrigation respectively for the CFI, AFI and FFI treatments. This result suggests that PRI increases the proportion of applied water that is transpired, and therefore leads to a higher water use efficiency than regular irrigation. Overall, when irrigation was reduced by 30%, the average final yield loss of AFI was only 4.44%, a non-significant reduction statistically. The FFI had a significant reduction in yield of 12.01% in comparison to CFI. Moreover, PRI brings in earlier flowering and a higher economical return due to early harvested cotton. This indicates that the final economical output could compensate for the loss of cotton yield due to water-saving. With very little extra cost to implementation, PRI proves a very promising method in cotton production in arid zone. 相似文献
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《Agricultural Water Management》2004,68(2):117-133
Continuous cropping of winter wheat and summer maize is the main cropping pattern in North China Plain lying in a seasonal frost area. Irrigation scheduling of one crop will influence soil water regime and irrigation scheduling of the subsequent crop. Therefore, irrigation scheduling of winter wheat and maize should be studied as a whole. Considering the meteorological and crop characteristics of the area lying in a seasonal frost area, a cropping year is divided into crop growing period and frost period. Model of simultaneous moisture and heat transfer (SMHT) for the frost period and model of soil water transfer (SWT) for the crop growing period were developed, and used jointly for the simulation of soil water dynamics and irrigation scheduling for a whole cropping year. The model was calibrated and validated with field experiment of winter wheat and maize in Beijing, China. Then the model was applied to the simulation of water dynamics and irrigation scheduling with different precipitation and irrigation treatments. From the simulation results, precipitation can meet the crop water requirement of maize to a great extent, and irrigation at the seeding stage may be necessary. Precipitation and irrigation had no significant influence on evaporation and transpiration of maize. On the other hand, irrigation scheduling of winter wheat mainly depends on irrigation standard. Irrigation at the seeding stage and before soil freezing is usually necessary. For high irrigation standard, four times of irrigation are required after greening. While for medium irrigation, only once (rainy year) or twice (medium and dry years) of irrigation is required after greening. Transpiration of winter wheat is very close for high and medium irrigation, but it decreases significantly for low irrigation and will result in a reduction of crop yield. Irrigation with proper time and amount is necessary for winter wheat. Considering irrigation quota and crop transpiration comprehensively, medium irrigation is recommended for the irrigation of winter wheat in the studying area, which can reduce the irrigation quota of over 150 mm with little water stress for crop growth. 相似文献
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干旱区垄膜沟灌条件下土壤水盐空间分布特征研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
研究了垄膜沟灌条件下,不同灌溉定额下土壤水盐空间分布特征。结果表明,土壤含水率的时空分布受灌水次数和灌水定额的影响。灌溉期,在垂直方向上沟底土壤含水率较垄顶明显增加。在非灌溉期,由于强烈的蒸发蒸腾作用,垄顶土壤含水率持续降低,含水率阶段性变化明显。土壤盐分空间分布随土壤含水率的变化而变化,在灌溉期,沟底土壤脱盐深度随灌溉定额的增加呈增加的趋势。在非灌溉期,垄顶在作物生育期均发生积盐现象,且垄顶表层土壤盐分累积量高于沟底表层土壤。 相似文献