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采用大棚饲养及连续2年定点监测、分级调查等研究方法对云南河口香蕉褐足角胸叶甲进行动态分布规律研究。结果表明：香蕉受褐足角胸叶甲危害的高低与温度、湿度密切相关,与发生危害的田间消长规律成正比;12月至翌年3月份的温度、湿度为每年当中的最低值,其危害率、危害指数最低,仅为0～3.08%及0～0.77;5～9月份尽管温度都很高,但仅5～6及8～9月降雨量最多,出现了2次高峰值,危害率、危害指数达到28.67～57.22%、7.17～14.61及31.56～32.78%、7.58～8.22;大棚饲养年发生3代,世代重叠,5～6月、8月上旬及11月成虫出土,尤以5～6月高峰值最大,大棚饲养成虫消长与田间消长呈现正相关性;热量、降雨的高低差异使得不同地区的危害及种群动态分布差异十分明显,河口东部地区香蕉褐足角胸叶甲发生危害＞河口西部地区＞河口中南部地区;排除山地逆温现象最为普遍的河口中南部地区,在正常年份的降雨条件下,海拔越低温度越高,其种群繁育数量越多,危害越重。 相似文献
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应用浸叶饲喂法测定6种药剂对褐足角胸叶甲(Basilepta fulvipes Motschulsky)成虫的毒力作用。结果表明：6种杀虫剂均对褐足角胸叶甲均有效果,其中25%联苯菊酯·啶虫脒·哒螨灵乳油、25%氯虫苯甲酰胺·啶虫脒·哒螨灵乳油、25%除尽·啶虫脒·哒螨灵乳油和25%多杀菌素·啶虫脒·哒螨灵乳油对褐足角胸叶甲成虫的毒力较高,LC50分别为23.519 8、7.432 3、23.602 6和15.977 7 mg/L。45%马拉硫磷乳油和20%甲氰菊酯乳油的毒力较低。 相似文献
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黑足角胸叶甲发生与危害的初步考查 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
黑足胸叶甲Basilepta melanopus le-fenne是江西部分茶区新兴起的一种重要茶树害虫,对茶叶产量和品质影响很大。笔者于1982—1984年对该虫的发生为害情况作了初步调查观察,现将结果整理如下。 一、分布与为害 黑足角胸叶甲国内已知分布于江西、福建、湖北、湖南、广东、广西等省(区)。1981年笔者在宜春、上犹首次采到标本,后相继在分宜、万载、崇义等地发现。 黑足角胸叶甲的寄主,现有文献记载仅有茶树。我们在宜春等地发现,其寄主除茶树外,还有珍珠菜Lysimachia clethroid-es Duby。 相似文献
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黑龙江省大豆生产中药害现状及对策 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
对2004年黑龙江省大豆生产中使用农药情况作了概括说明。黑龙江省大豆生产中施用农药量逐年增加，随之产生的药害事故也呈上升趋势。药害分为除草剂药害、种衣剂药害、药肥混合物及农药助剂药害三大类，并对其发生原因进行分析，提出了相应的解决对策。 相似文献
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结合室内饲养和田间观察,对双线卷裙夜蛾（Plecoptera bilinealis）的卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫的形态特征进行详细的描述,深入研究了其生活习性、生活史以及田间种群消长规律;采用滤纸药膜法进行了5种杀虫剂对双线卷裙夜蛾幼虫的室内毒力测定。结果表明,双线卷裙夜蛾在海南澄迈地区一年发生3代,无世代重叠,以蛹在3～5 cm松软的土壤中或者泥土包裹的土壳中越冬。双线卷裙夜蛾幼虫共有6龄,幼虫为害期为3～10月,5月中旬、7月中旬及9月上旬为危害盛期。药剂处理48 h后,吡虫啉、阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐、高效氯氰菊酯及啶虫脒对幼虫的LC50分别0.767、1.179、1.679、2.174、13.998 mg/L,5种杀虫剂中吡虫啉和阿维菌素对双线卷裙夜蛾的幼虫具有较好的毒力效果。 相似文献
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The effectiveness of three botanical insecticides (neem, datura and bitter apple), and three new chemistry synthetic insecticides (acephate, spirotetramat and spinetoram) against onion thrips (Thrips tabaci) was evaluated in experimental field plots at university of Sargodha, Pakistan. The influence of these botanical and chemical insecticides on natural predators and crop yield was simultaneously investigated. All the botanicals and chemical insecticides tested caused significant reductions (45–70%) in thrips populations; the botanicals gave more than 60% control of thrips, while among chemical insecticides, acephate was found to be the most effective followed by spirotetramat and spinetoram, respectively, and these insecticides gave better control than the botanicals. The adverse effects of the botanicals on predator populations were negligible compared to the chemical insecticides. All chemical treatments resulted in a significantly higher yield compared to the untreated control. The botanicals and chemical insecticides became less effective by 7 days after treatment. Therefore, it is recommended that treatment with botanical or chemical insecticides should be repeated weekly consecutively at least three times to keep thrips populations below economic injury levels until crop maturity. 相似文献
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不同施药模式对小麦产量、品质及效益的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为优化小麦病虫害防控技术,2008-2010年在成都平原开展了不同施药模式(CK:孕穗期和开花期喷施清水;T1:在孕穗期和开花期喷施杀菌剂防治病害;T2:在孕穗期和开花期喷施杀虫剂防治虫害;T3:在孕穗期和开花期分别喷施杀菌剂和杀虫剂防治病虫害;T4:在开花期一次性混合喷施杀虫剂和杀菌剂防治病虫害)试验,分析了不同处理间小麦病虫害、产量、品质及效益的差异。结果表明:(1)多数测试指标存在显著的年度效应,锈病病株率、白粉病病株率、降落值和多数RVA参数存在显著的年度与处理互作效应;(2)对照处理病虫害发生较重,单独喷施杀虫剂或杀菌剂均不能有效防控病虫危害,分次或混合施用杀虫剂和杀菌剂对病虫害的综合防控效果明显好于单独喷施;(3)施药处理较对照都有明显的增产、增收效果,产量增加6.9%～11.8%,纯收益增加4.3%～8.7%,以杀虫剂和杀菌剂分次喷施处理增幅最大;(4)施药处理对不同品质指标的影响存在较大差异,施药有降低湿面筋含量、沉降值和面团稳定时间的趋势,但都明显提高了降落值和RVA参数值。施药处理均未检出农药残留限值。综合产量、品质和效益,在选择抗病品种的基础上,于开花期实施多类药剂混合喷施不失为小麦节本高效的病虫防控措施。 相似文献
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依据河口县的地形地貌特征,分东部、西部及中南部并采用定点监测、分级调查法对香蕉炭疽病的发生危害动态进行研究。结果表明：香蕉炭疽病在河口地区1～3月基本维持较低的危害水平,4月初开始发病,8～12月中旬处于危害的高峰值,12月份后逐渐下降;全年月平均危害率达38.44%,月平均危害指数0.81,处于危害率较高的水平;西部地区与东部、中南部地区的差异达到显著水平,月平均危害率西部地区(49.61%)＞中南部地区(35%)＞东部地区(30.72%);不同海拔对香蕉炭疽病的田间发生危害有一定影响, 但未达显著水平 相似文献
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A. Hanafi 《Potato Research》1999,42(2):373-380
Summary The potato tuber moth (PTM),Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller), is one of the most damaging pests of potatoes in field and storage. Tuber moth is active throughout the year in
North Africa but is most active from late April to early August. Many cultural practices that are used by farmers to improve
the yield and quality of potato can also limit the development of the potato tuber moth and minimise damage to tubers. As
the farmers gain more experience with both agronomic practices and chemical insecticides, they are likely to rely more heavily
on cultural practices and less on insecticides to manage PTM. Measures which could keep PTM damages in rustic and diffuse
light stores to a minimum are discussed. Ideally, there is need to integrate pest management in potato fields and stores.
PTM control in stores was found to be more effective if infestation in fields was kept to a minimum. Low infestation at harvest
and rapid handling of the potatoes going into store established good initial storage conditions and decreased the likelihood
of post-harvest losses. Biological insecticides in particular were more effective in preventing losses by insects in stores
in cases where the initial level of infestation was relatively low. 相似文献