共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Varda Shkap Hanna Ungar-Waron E. Pipano C. Greenblatt 《Tropical animal health and production》1984,16(4):233-238
The use of the ELISA method for the detection of antibodies to B. besnoiti in cattle is described and compared to the IFAT technique. One hundred and twenty-one sera were examined, of which 61 were sera of calves experimentally infected with B. besnoiti, 52 sera from field animals and eight were sera with high titres of antibodies to other parasites. The specificity of both assays correlates but ELISA seemed to be more sensitive. The ELISA technique provides a rapid and reliable method for the screening of B. besnoiti infection in cattle. 相似文献
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Reasons for performing study: To determine the reliability of 2 magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems for detection of cartilage and bone lesions of the equine fetlock. Objectives: To test the hypotheses that lesions in cartilage, subchondral and trabecular bone of the equine fetlock verified using histopathology can be detected on high‐ and low‐field MR images with a low incidence of false positive or negative results; that low‐field images are less reliable than high‐field images for detection of cartilage lesions; and that combining results of interpretation from different pulse sequences increases detection of cartilage lesions. Methods: High‐ and low‐field MRI was performed on 19 limbs from horses identified with fetlock lameness prior to euthanasia. Grading systems were used to score cartilage, subchondral and trabecular bone on MR images and histopathology. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated for images. Results: High‐field T2*‐weighted gradient echo (T2*W‐GRE) and low‐field T2‐weighted fast spin echo (T2W‐FSE) images had high sensitivity but low specificity for detection of cartilage lesions. All pulse sequences had high sensitivity and low–moderate specificity for detection of subchondral bone lesions and moderate sensitivity and moderate–high specificity for detection of trabecular bone lesions (histopathology as gold standard). For detection of lesions of trabecular bone low‐field T2*W‐GRE images had higher sensitivity and specificity than T2W‐FSE images. Conclusions: There is high likelihood of false positive results using high‐ or low‐field MRI for detection of cartilage lesions and moderate–high likelihood of false positive results for detection of subchondral bone lesions compared with histopathology. Combining results of interpretation from different pulse sequences did not increase detection of cartilage lesions. MRI interpretation of trabecular bone was more reliable than cartilage or subchondral bone in both MR systems. Potential relevance: Independent interpretation of a variety of pulse sequences may maximise detection of cartilage and bone lesions in the fetlock. Clinicians should be aware of potential false positive and negative results. 相似文献
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Comparative evaluation of the fluorescent antibody test and microtiter immunoperoxidase assay for detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus from bull semen. 
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下载免费PDF全文 An indirect immunoperoxidase staining technique (IP) is described for the detection of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in bovine semen. The performance of the IP was compared to the reference immunofluorescent staining test in its ability to detect BVDV in 23 coded field semen samples. The IP assay which can be applied with ease to a large number of samples and does not require expensive fluorescence microscope equipment, appears to be an alternative method for BVDV detection. The IP assay can be strongly recommended for certification of BVDV-free bovine semen for artificial insemination and trading purposes and for laboratories which are not equipped for performing the immunofluorescent test. 相似文献
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A nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of Theileria ovis in sheep using oligonucleotide primers designed from the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequence of T. ovis from sheep in eastern Turkey is described. A 398-bp DNA fragment was specifically amplified from blood samples from sheep, naturally infected with T. ovis. No PCR products resulted from T. lestoquardi, T. annulata, T. parva, T. buffeli and Babesia spp. DNA using these specific primers. The sensitivity of the nested PCR for T. ovis, which was assessed showed that one infected cell in 10(7) sheep erythrocytes, equivalent to a blood parasitemia of 0.00001%, could be detected. This is more sensitive than examining 200 fields under light microscopy. In addition, of the 124 field samples obtained from sheep in eastern Turkey tested, 19.35% (24/124) were positive for the presence of Theileria spp. by microscopic examination compared to 54.03% (67/124) positive for T. ovis by nested PCR. The primer pairs described in this study will be useful for epidemiological studies on ovine theileriosis and for discrimination between T. lestoquardi and T. ovis infections in sheep. 相似文献
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A micromethod using the counter immunoelectrophoresis technique for the detection of antibodies to Cytoecetes phagocytophila, the causative agent of tickborne fever (TBF) is described. Antibodies were first detected nine to 11 days after experimental infection of lambs with TBF and persisted for six to 10 weeks after infection. The test was also applied to approximately 440 field samples of ovine sera collected from tick infested farms in Scotland and the north of England, 16 per cent of which proved positive and showed a marked seasonal variation. 相似文献
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Diagnostic real-time PCR assay for the quantitative detection of Theileria equi from equine blood samples 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Kim CM Blanco LB Alhassan A Iseki H Yokoyama N Xuan X Igarashi I 《Veterinary parasitology》2008,151(2-4):158-163
We developed a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the quantitative detection of Theileria equi from the in vitro-cultured parasite and field blood samples collected from horses living in Ghana and Brazil. The detection limit for the assay was determined to be 1.5 parasites/microl per sample, and the quantitative capacity was demonstrated using the in vitro-cultured parasite. For field applications, the real-time PCR assay was compared to a previously established nested PCR assay used as the gold standard for the real-time PCR assay. Of 65 field blood samples, 46 samples were T. equi-positive in the nested PCR assay, while the real-time PCR assay also detected the parasite in all 46 of the nested PCR-positive samples but did not detect T. equi in the remaining 19 negative blood samples. This quantitative real-time PCR assay provides a valuable tool for fast laboratory diagnostic assessment of T. equi infection in horses. 相似文献
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R. Jayakumar K. Nachimuthu V. D. Padmanaban 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1995,18(4):269-273
A modified enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Dot ELISA) is described for visual detection of rabies antigen in animals. The test materials were dotted onto the nitrocellulose paper and allowed to react with rabies antiserum. The bound antigen—anti-body were reacted with a peroxidase conjugated antirabbit immunoglobulin. Positive reactions were easily visualized as brown dots after enzyme degradation of the substrate. A total of 400 specimens from various geographical locations were tested with the dot ELISA technique, and also with the fluorescent antibody test (FAT), which was used as a reference method. The concordance between the two tests was 95.25%. The dot ELISA may have potential applications as a rapid, simple and economical field test in the diagnosis of rabies. 相似文献
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The traditional diagnostic test for Tritrichomonas foetus involves collection of preputial or vaginal samples followed by culture in a growth media and microscopic examination. Recently, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques have been described for use as a diagnostic assay. The objective of this study was to evaluate a previously described PCR assay for detecting T. foetus in cultured preputial material. The detection limits of the assay for T. foetus organisms in a growth medium, in samples prepared from washing microscope slides, and in preputial material cultured in a growth medium were determined. Preputial samples were collected from 13 bulls uninfected with T. foetus. The PCR assay was able to detect 5 T. foetus organisms in the growth medium and the cultured preputial material. Amplification products were obtained from samples prepared from washes of microscope slides containing as few as 3 visualized organisms. The PCR assay was able to detect organisms in culture at a lower concentration than was possible by direct microscopic examination. This low detection limit may allow the PCR assay to be used to enhance the sensitivity of the current diagnostic test. In addition, the assay could be used to confirm the identification of T. foetus organisms observed by direct microscopic examination when other confirmation techniques, such as staining and phase microscopy, are not practical. 相似文献
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G. MANSO‐DÍAZ M. I. GARCÍA‐REAL C. CASTELEYN F. SAN‐ROMÁN O. TAEYMANS 《Equine veterinary journal》2013,45(2):187-192
Reasons for performing study: Noncontrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is widely used in human and small animal medicine. However, this technique has not yet been described in the horse, and compared to other angiographic techniques MRA could be more cost efficient and potentially safer. Objectives: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive anatomical reference of the normal equine head vasculature using a noncontrast MRA technique, on both low‐ and high‐field MRI. Methods: Five healthy adult horses were examined, 4 with a low‐field magnet (0.23T) and the remaining one with a high‐field magnet (1.5T). The magnetic resonance angiography sequence used was TOF (time‐of‐flight) 2D‐MRA and CT images of a vascular corrosion cast were subsequently used as anatomical references. Results: The MRA imaging protocol provided good visualisation of all major intra‐ and extracranial vessels down to a size of approximately 2 mm in diameter on both low‐ and high‐field systems. This resulted in identification of vessels to the order of 3rd–4th branches of ramification. The visibility of the arteries was higher than of the veins, which showed lower signal intensity. Overall, MRA obtained with the high‐field protocol provided better visualisation of the arteries, showing all the small arterial branches with a superior resolution. Conclusions: The use of a specific vascular sequence such as TOF 2D‐MRA allows good visualisation of the equine head vasculature and eliminates the need for contrast media for MRA. Potential relevance: Magnetic resonance angiography allows for visualisation of the vasculature of the equine head. Vessel morphology, symmetry and size can be evaluated and this may possibly play a role in preoperative planning or characterisation of diseases of the head, such as neoplasia or guttural pouch mycosis. 相似文献
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Research was undertaken to critically evaluate parasitological tests for the detection of Trypanosoma evansi in blood. The relative sensitivity of mouse inoculation (MI), the haematocrit centrifugation technique (HCT) and a modified miniature anion-exchange centrifugation technique (MAECT) were compared using blood and buffy coat. The effect that storage of blood prior to inoculation into mice has on the reliability of the MI test was also evaluated. The tests may be ranked in increasing order of sensitivity: HCT, MAECT with whole blood, MI with whole blood, MAECT with buffy coat and MI with buffy coat. The latter was able to detect 1.25 T. evansi per 4ml of blood. The reliability of the MI test was not reduced with storage of blood containing at least 25 T. evansi per ml for up to 21h prior to inoculation into mice. These results demonstrate that sensitivity of the MI and MAECT are increased approximately 10-fold through the use of buffy coat in place of whole blood. Although, the MI is marginally more sensitive MAECT is better suited to field use. 相似文献
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Anzai T Wada R Okuda T Aoki T 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2002,64(11):999-1002
The effectiveness of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as a field application test for the eradication of contagious equine metritis (CEM) was evaluated. Seven-thousands five-hundred and thirty-four genital swabs were collected from 4,026 Thoroughbred broodmares and stallions in Japan to test "high risk" horses as well as for general surveillance testing from 1998 to 2001. Bacterial isolation as well as PCR testing of original specimens and cultured specimens was performed for detection of Taylorella equigenitalis from genital swabs. As a result, T. equigenitalis was detected in 12 mares and 1 stallion by PCR, although the bacteria were isolated from only 2 of the PCR-positive mares. CEM-infected and carrier horses were treated by a combination of chemotherapy and surgery. Subsequent follow-up testing over a 3-year period did not detect T. equigenitalis. It was demonstrated that PCR testing was more sensitive than isolation as a method for the detection of T. equigenitalis from genital swabs of horses in the field. It was therefore suggested that a combination of PCR testing and treatment were useful measures in the eradication of CEM from Japan. 相似文献
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A modified coproantigen test used for surveillance of Echinococcus spp. in Tibetan dogs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Huang Y Yang W Qiu J Chen X Yang Y Qiu D Xiao N Xiao Y Heath D 《Veterinary parasitology》2007,149(3-4):229-238
Recently an immunological test for Echinococcus spp. antigens in dog faeces has been developed. The antigens appear to be carbohydrates, which survive proteolytic digestion and environmental degradation. For ELISA a capture antibody is used to capture the antigens, followed by a detection antibody. This paper describes a modification of the test whereby capture and detection antibodies are generated exclusively to the carbohydrate portion of the parasite tegument. Faecal extracts were heated to 70 degrees C overnight and the addition of foetal calf serum to the extracts was not necessary. The use of this modification as a surveillance tool in an extensive field trial of hydatid control in Western Sichuan is described. From 2003 onwards all dogs received a treatment with praziquantel pills in the spring and the autumn of each year. On each of six occasions 580 faecal samples were collected from 29 villages and analysed. Prevalence of Echinococcus spp. coproantigen-positive samples was 50% in year 2000, and decreased from 35% to 17% through 2003-2005. This coproantigen technique is now being used as part of the Chinese National Hydatid Disease Control Program, initially in 10 counties in Sichuan Province. 相似文献
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The diagnostic performance of a polymerase chain reaction assay (PCR) for monitoring the effectiveness of aceturate diminazene treatment was compared with those of an antibody-detection ELISA test and the buffy-coat technique using sheep experimentally infected with either savannah-type or forest-type Trypanosoma congolense or T. vivax. Within the period of infection, the PCR using specific savannah-type T. congolense primers showed a significant higher diagnostic sensitivity (p<0.05) than the buffy-coat technique. Both techniques gave closed results for detecting forest-type T. congolense or T. vivax infections. Following trypanocidal treatment, the PCR showed that specific product disappeared definitively 1 or 2 days later in animals in which a decrease of the antibody level and a significant improvement of the red packed cell volume were observed. The occurrence of relapse infection was detected by the PCR in one animal infected by T. vivax on day 19 post-treatment and confirmed by the persistence and increasing antibody level whereas the buffy-coat technique detected parasites 42 days later. Then, the PCR signals remained positive on several occasions while parasitaemia was detected only two times.The application of PCR combined with the antibody detection appeared to provide a useful tool as compared to the buffy-coat technique for monitoring the effectiveness of trypanocidal treatment. 相似文献
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Radiographic diagnosis of tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers: a field selection technique 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A technique for early detection of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) in live broilers was developed using the Lixiscope, a hand-held, real-time skeletal imaging device. The Lixiscope utilizes 125I gamma energy (27 keV), which is converted to electrons and then to visible energy, for imaging by way of an output phosphor or electron-to-photon conversion. Image amplication is 45,000 to 50,000 times, and image resolution is 4.2 line pairs per millimeter. The left and right tibiotarsi of the parent stock of male broiler breeder chickens were examined at 3, 4, 6, and 8 weeks of age. The images readily allowed for the detection of TD. A scoring system was established to assess severity of TD and was confirmed accurate as correlated with direct radiography and macroscopic examination at necropsy. This technique offers a quick, non-invasive, early detection of TD in broilers. The equipment is portable and can be used in field selection procedures. 相似文献
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Tantrawatpan C Intapan PM Thanchomnang T Lulitanond V Boonmars T Wu Z Morakote N Maleewong W 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,185(2-4):210-215
Trichinellosis caused by nematodes of Trichinella spp. is a zoonotic foodborne disease. Three Trichinella species of the parasite including Trichinella spiralis, Trichinella papuae and Trichinella pseudospiralis, have been etiologic agents of human trichinellosis in Thailand. Definite diagnosis of this helminthiasis is based on a finding of the Trichinella larva (e) in a muscle biopsy. The parasite species or genotype can be determined using molecular methods, e.g., polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This study has utilized real-time fluorescence resonance energy transfer PCR (real-time FRET PCR) and a melting curve analysis for the differential diagnosis of trichinellosis. Three common Trichinella species in Thailand were studied using one set of primers and fluorophore-labeled hybridization probes specific for the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene. Using fewer than 35 cycles as the cut-off for positivity and using different melting temperatures (T(m)), this assay detected T. spiralis, T. papuae and T. pseudospiralis in muscle tissue and found the mean T(m) ± SD values to be 51.79 ± 0.06, 66.09 ± 0.46 and 51.46 ± 0.09, respectively. The analytical sensitivity of the technique enabled the detection of a single Trichinella larva of each species, and the detection limit for the target DNA sequence was 16 copies of positive control plasmid. A test of the technique's analytical specificity showed no fluorescence signal for a panel of 19 non-Trichinella parasites or for human and mouse genomic DNA. Due to the sensitivity and specificity of the detection of these Trichinella species, as well as the fast and high-throughput nature of these tools, this method has application potential in differentiating non-encapsulated larvae of T. papuae from T. spiralis and T. pseudospiralis in tissues of infected humans and animals. 相似文献
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A Tritrichomonas foetus-specific 5' Taq nuclease assay using a 3' minor groove binder-DNA probe (TaqMan MGB) targeting conserved regions of the internal transcribed spacer-1 (ITS-1) was developed and compared to established diagnostic procedures. Specificity of the assay was evaluated using bovine venereal microflora and a range of related trichomonad species. Assay sensitivity was evaluated with log(10) dilutions of known numbers of cells, and compared to that for microscopy following culture (InPouch TF test kit) and the conventional TFR3-TFR4 PCR assay. The 5' Taq nuclease assay detected a single cell per assay from smegma or mucus which was 2500-fold or 250-fold more sensitive than microscopy following selective culture from smegma or mucus respectively, and 500-fold more sensitive than culture followed by conventional PCR assay. The sensitivity of the conventional PCR assay was comparable to the 5' Taq nuclease assay when testing purified DNA extracted from clinical specimens, whereas the 5' Taq nuclease assay sensitivity improved using crude cell lysates, which were not suitable as template for the conventional PCR assay. Urine was evaluated as a diagnostic specimen providing improved and equivalent levels of T. foetus detection in spiked urine by both microscopy following culture and direct 5' Taq nuclease detection, respectively, compared with smegma and mucus, however inconclusive results were obtained with urine samples from the field study. Diagnostic specimens (n=159) were collected from herds with culture positive animals and of the 14 animals positive by 5' Taq nuclease assay, 3 were confirmed by selective culture/microscopy detection (Fisher's exact test P<0.001). The 5' Taq nuclease assay described here demonstrated superior sensitivity to traditional culture/microscopy and offers advantages over the application of conventional PCR for the detection of T. foetus in clinical samples. 相似文献
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为建立快速高通量检测实验动物质量相关布鲁菌、沙门菌、弓形虫3种病原体的方法,根据其序列设计引物及探针,探针经修饰后与荧光编码微球偶联,将偶联后的探针与PCR产物杂交反应,通过液相芯片检测仪(Luminex200)检测荧光信号,分析实验动物感染布鲁菌、沙门菌和弓形虫的情况.结果显示:初步建立了可同时检测布鲁菌、沙门菌和弓... 相似文献