滴灌条件下棉花生理生态指标对不同形态氮素肥料的响应     

高志建  ;刘瑜  ;尹飞虎  ;曾胜和 《新疆农垦科技》2014,(11):53-55

本试验研究了滴灌条件下棉花生理生态指标对不同形态氮素肥料的响应。结果表明：（1）施用铵态氮肥在增加叶片叶绿素含量、促进光合速率提高方面较施用酰铵态氮肥有优势,盛蕾一盛花期施用差异显著;（2）施用铵态氮肥在增加棉株单株铃数和单铃重上有一定作用,在收获株数基本相同的基础上,最终收获产量表现为铵态氮肥较酰铵态氮肥增产7.1%,但方差分析差异不显著;（3）施用不同形态氮肥对棉花纤维品质有一定的影响,表现为酰铵态氮肥在各项指标上均优于铵态氮肥,但经方差分析无显著差异。  相似文献   

减氮配施生物刺激素对棉花产量及氮肥吸收利用的影响     

《棉花学报》2021,33(3)

【目的】花生产中氮肥施用过量现象普遍存在。研究减氮配施不同生物刺激素黄腐酸(Fulvic acid,简称F)、壳聚糖(Chitosan,简称C)、海藻酸(Alginic acid,简称A)对棉花的生长发育及其氮素利用的影响,旨在为棉田氮素优化管理和减氮增效提供理论依据。【方法】设置棉花大田氮肥常规施用量(360 kg·hm~(-2),N_1)、减量20%(288 kg·hm~(-2),N_(0.8))和减量40%(216 kg·hm~(-2),N_(0.6))叶面配施生物刺激素(不施刺激素0 g·kg~(-1),S_0;黄腐酸0.12 g·kg~(-1),F;壳聚糖0.1 g·kg~(-1),C;海藻酸0.24 g·kg~(-1),A),分析棉花干物质积累量、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、根系形态,收获期棉花产量、氮肥吸收总量及利用效率。【结果】适量减氮配施壳聚糖、黄腐酸和海藻酸均可促进棉花的生长,提高产量和收获期氮肥利用效率。其中,减氮40%配施壳聚糖(N_(0.6)C)处理下棉花株高、干物质积累量、叶绿素含量、可溶性蛋白含量、产量及氮肥吸收总量均最高。初花期至盛铃期,减氮40%配施壳聚糖(N_(0.6)C)处理的棉铃可溶性蛋白含量较N_(0.6)S_0提高41.39%,铃数、铃重和单株籽棉产量分别为7.85、6.79 g和46.47 g,较N_(0.6)S_0显著提高19.33%、25.60%和58.87%;减氮40%配施壳聚糖(N_(0.6)C)处理在棉花收获期氮肥吸收总量最大,为10.28 g,较N_(0.6)S_0显著提高193.71%,氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学效率、氮肥表观利用率分别较N_(0.6)S_0提高38.76%、116.45%、88.60%。减氮20%配施黄腐酸(N_(0.8)F)对根系形态改善幅度最大,其处理的棉株根表面积、根长度、根体积、平均直径、根尖数、分支数分别为263.91 cm~2、183.58 mm、0.21 mm~3、0.39 cm、4 073和4 842,分别较N_(0.8)S_0提高了63.56%、28.96%、305.74%、103.22%、100.16%、105.69%。减氮20%配施海藻酸(N_(0.8)A)较N_(0.8)S_0显著增加棉花铃重和铃数,提高籽棉产量和氮肥利用效率。【结论】适量减氮配施壳聚糖、黄腐酸和海藻酸促进棉花株高、叶绿素含量,协调各营养器官干物质量和可溶性蛋白向铃转运,促进成熟期氮肥积累,增加铃重和铃数,提高产量和氮肥利用效率。  相似文献   

不同灌水处理对机采棉干物质和氮素运移及产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

李淦  高丽丽  康正华  李健伟  王蜜蜂  马云珍  张巨松 《棉花学报》2016,28(4):352-360

在北疆自然条件下,研究不同灌水处理对机采棉干物质、氮素运移及产量的影响,以期为机采棉水氮高效利用和高产栽培提供理论基础。以机采棉品种新陆早57号为供试材料,滴灌定额为4500 m~3·hm~(-2),设置3个不同的灌水次数分别为10次(D10)、8次(D8)、6次(D6)。结果表明:在滴灌定额为4500 m~3·hm~(-2)的条件下,D8处理的株型结构更为合理,干物质及氮素积累量适宜,各器官干物质及氮素分配比例较为合理,可提高机采棉的铃重及单株铃数,充分发挥其个体优势,皮棉产量较高。因此,在D8处理的灌水分配方式下,结合相应的灌水制度,有利于实现棉花高产。  相似文献   

控释氮肥对盆栽棉花产量及土壤养分状况的影响   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

Geng Jibiao  Zhang Min  Li Chengliang  Zheng Wenkui  Tian Xiaofei 《棉花学报》2015,27(5):401-407

通过盆栽试验,研究了硫加树脂包膜尿素(PSCU)和树脂包膜尿素(PCU)2种控释氮肥及普通尿素对棉花产量及土壤养分变化的影响。结果表明:控释氮肥一次基施较等氮量普通尿素一次基施子棉产量显著增加6.78%~28.91%,但与等氮量尿素基施40%加追施60%处理产量差异不显著。基施控释氮肥较尿素增加了棉花铃重,但对衣分和单株成铃数没有显著影响;且显著提高了盛花期和始絮期土壤中的硝态氮和铵态氮含量,同时也显著提高了初花期和盛花期土壤中的速效钾含量,但不同处理间有效磷含量差异不显著。因此,在盆栽条件下,控释氮肥一次基施既可满足棉花全生育期对氮素的需求,又在保障产量的前提下减少了追肥次数。  相似文献   

机采棉主要农艺性状与密度相关性分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王燕  王树林  张谦  冯国艺  雷晓鹏  梁青龙  祁虹 《作物杂志》2019,35(6):66-2196

为研究棉花适宜机采农艺性状与密度的相关性,明确通过密度塑造适宜机采株型的方法,采用大田试验,以K836为试验材料,设计3×10 ⁴、6×10 ⁴和9×10 ⁴株/hm ² 3个密度处理,研究密度对机采棉子棉产量的影响及其与机采棉主要农艺性状的相关性分析。结果表明,在本研究密度范围内,棉花株高、果枝长度、果枝第一节位长度、果枝节数、单株果枝数和单株干物质量随着密度的增加而下降,密度对第一果枝节位和果枝夹角没有显著影响。与低密度（3×10 ⁴株/hm ²）相比,高密度处理（9×10 ⁴株/hm ²）棉花单铃重降低,衣分提高,单株铃数降低,总铃数增加,密度对子棉产量没有显著影响。除第一果枝高度外,株高、第一果枝节位、果枝长度、果枝第一节位长度、果枝节数、果枝夹角、单株果枝数与单株干物质量和单株铃数呈正相关,与单铃重和子棉产量呈负相关,其中果枝长度和单株果枝数呈极显著正相关。因此,适当增加种植密度使棉花株高降低,果枝变短,株型更为紧凑,可以通过密度塑造适合机械采收的株型,冀南地区高密度（9×10 ⁴株/hm ²）处理棉花株型符合机采要求。  相似文献   

叶面施氮对棉花根系吸收硝态氮的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

郑苍松  李鹏程  孙淼  庞朝友  赵新华  贵会平  刘帅  秦宇坤  董合林  余学科 《棉花学报》2018,(4)

【目的】探讨叶面施用不同形态氮素的肥料对棉花根系吸收硝态氮及棉株生长的影响。【方法】采用营养液培养法,利用15N同位素示踪技术开展氮素吸收研究,设置叶面施用同等氮浓度的铵态氮、硝态氮和酰胺态氮及清水(对照)4个处理。【结果】叶面施氮处理6 d后,叶面施氮处理棉株地上部氮含量和整株氮含量显著高于对照;棉株地上部、根及整株氮素积累量以叶面施用铵态氮处理最高,但各处理间没有显著差异。同位素示踪结果显示,铵态氮处理棉株地上部和根系中15N积累量分别为0.794 mg·株-1和0.318 mg·株-1,高于对照和酰胺态氮处理,且显著高于硝态氮处理;叶面施氮后,铵态氮处理棉株积累通过根系吸收的氮素约为11.35mg·株-1,较对照吸收氮素效率约提升28.0%,酰胺态氮和硝态氮处理较对照分别降低9.5%和20.5%。但是叶面施氮类型没有影响棉株对根系吸收硝态氮的分配,各处理棉株地上部和根系中分配根系吸收氮素的比例约为7∶3。【结论】在本试验条件下,叶面施用铵态氮能够促进棉苗根系对硝态氮的吸收利用。  相似文献   

不同种植模式棉花产量、种植效益与氮素利用率比较分析     

《棉花学报》2021,33(4)

【目的】研究长江流域棉区麦棉两熟种植制度下,不同种植模式对棉花产量、种植效益及氮素利用率的影响,为棉花高产高效生产提供依据。【方法】采用裂区设计,研究麦后棉花不同种植方式(育苗移栽和直播)、品种(中熟和早熟)和氮肥运筹(不施氮和适宜氮肥运筹)对其生育进程、生物量累积与分配、产量、种植效益与氮素利用率的影响。【结果】与育苗移栽方式相比,直播棉花生育进程快,尤其苗期缩短10～17 d;直播棉花生育中后期生物量和氮素累积量较高,且经济系数均以早熟品种较高。适宜氮肥运筹下,直播早熟品种与移栽中熟品种霜前皮棉产量均较高,且两者间差异不显著。适宜氮肥运筹下,移栽棉花的籽棉产值是直播方式的1.0～1.2倍,总成本是直播方式的1.8～2.0倍,收益仅为直播方式的23.0%～43.1%。氮素效率的结果表明,种植方式对农学利用率和氮素表观利用率的影响大于品种和氮肥运筹,直播方式的氮素农学利用率和表观利用率分别比移栽方式提高40.0%和76.4%(2017年);品种对氮素生产效率的影响大于种植方式与氮肥运筹,早熟品种的氮素生产效率比中熟品种提高45.3%(2017年)。【结论】长江流域棉区,适宜氮肥运筹下早熟品种麦后直播有利于实现棉花高产稳产、生产总成本低而效益高;其氮素农学利用率、表观利用率和生产效率均较高,是该棉区麦后棉高产高效生产模式。  相似文献   

植物生长促进剂对赣北移栽棉生长发育及产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

张允昔  夏绍南  杨茅难  李永旗  张丽娟  谢业涛  李直兴  董合林 《棉花学报》2019,(3)

【目的】明确叶面喷施6种植物生长促进剂对赣北移栽棉生长发育的影响,筛选出对棉花增产效果好的类型在赣北植棉区棉花生产上推广应用。【方法】在赣北育苗移栽植棉模式下,利用萘乙酸、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、芸苔素、复硝酚钠和胺鲜酯于棉花苗期(三叶期)、现蕾期、开花期和盛花期喷施,研究其对棉花生长发育的影响。【结果】细胞分裂素和复硝酚钠在棉花前中期对生长的促进作用明显,且复硝酚钠表现盛花结铃期成铃速度快;胺鲜酯对棉花生长的促进作用前后期保持较好的态势,单株叶面积系数、单株鲜物质质量和干物质质量均最大;芸苔素在棉花受到不良环境的伤害后可增强棉株的抗逆能力,明显提高铃重和产量;萘乙酸虽然对棉花前中期生长发育影响小,但最终增产效果还较好;赤霉素对棉花后期生长不利,棉花表现个体小、铃重略降低;芸苔素+胺鲜酯不及各自单用效果好。【结论】6种植物生长促进剂在赣北育苗移栽植棉模式下,于棉花苗期、现蕾期、开花期和盛花期叶面喷施,对棉花生长发育均有促进作用,可提高籽棉产量2.43%～10.04%,建议棉花苗期和蕾期叶面喷施细胞分裂素或复硝酚钠,花铃期叶面喷施芸苔素或胺鲜酯。  相似文献   

棉花氮素营养特性研究进展   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

陈求柱  杨国正  张献龙  聂以春 《中国农学通报》2012,28(18):15-19

氮素是棉株体内的主要结构元素,是限制棉花高产的主要因子之一。综述了氮肥运筹对棉花生物质积累、叶绿素SPAD值、产量构成因素、磷钾吸收与分配以及纤维品质的影响,结合近期有关棉花氮肥后移效应的研究进展,得出在一定范围内,提高氮肥用量有利于棉株生物质积累和功能叶片较高的叶绿素SPAD值;不同种植密度下,适量的氮肥用量,有利于单株铃数和单铃重提高,对衣分影响较小;适量的氮肥用量,有利于提高棉株对磷钾的吸收利用效率;氮肥可以影响纤维品质,不同学者结果存在差异;适量的氮肥后移,有利于延缓棉花衰老,延长花铃期。  相似文献   

不同生长调节剂对棉花赘芽生长及产量性状的影响   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

平文超  张忠波  刘毅  杨长青  李洪芹  孙玉英  柴卫东  刘贞贞  刘永平 《中国农学通报》2015,31(33):111-115

为了研究新型生长调节剂对棉花赘芽生长及产量性状的影响,探索棉花规模化种植过程中抑制赘芽滋生、简化整枝管理的新技术。在大田条件下设置了多铃专家、艾氟迪与生长调节剂缩节胺(DPC)的对比试验,对棉花植株形态、赘芽生长、成铃空间分布以及产量进行了研究。结果表明：喷施多铃专家、艾氟迪后,对棉株上部主茎节间平均长度和中上部果枝平均长度的生长抑制作用弱于缩节胺;单株赘芽鲜重和干重均显著小于缩节胺处理,单株赘芽鲜重为对照的54.8%和49.4%,单株赘芽干重为对照的53.2%和54.8%,单株赘芽总长度为对照的69.0%和58.1%;单株成铃数比对照高7.0%和12.3%,产量分别比对照高12.6%和10.2%,多铃专家处理提高了棉株内围铃数,艾氟迪处理则主要增加了棉株外围铃数,两者还有增加主茎叶腋处桠铃的趋势。  相似文献   

地膜残留对连作棉田土壤氮素、根系形态及产量形成的影响   总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9  

祖米来提·吐尔干  林涛  王亮  王静  李健伟  汤秋香 《棉花学报》2017,29(4):374-384

【目的】为探讨土壤中的残膜含量对棉花根区环境及生长发育的影响。【方法】在大田条件下,以新陆中47号为供试材料,设置了0(CK)、225、450、675和900 kg·hm~(-2)共5个残膜量处理,于2013-2014开展2年小区模拟试验,研究了棉田土壤氮素、根系形态、产量性状随土壤中残膜含量的变化规律。【结果】随着残膜量的增大产量均呈下降趋势,450、675、900 kg·hm~(-2)残膜量处理的产量均显著(P0.05)低于0 kg·hm~(-2)(CK),其中900 kg·hm~(-2)处理的产量降低了22.2%。残膜阻碍根系生长,根长、根直径、根表面积、根体积、根尖数均随残膜量的增加而下降,其中,900 kg·hm~(-2)处理较0 kg·hm~(-2)(CK)分别下降了33.7%,24.3%,19.72%,66.4%和35.3%;0 kg·hm~(-2)与225、450、675、900 kg·hm~(-2)残膜量处理在花期和铃期均具有显著性差异(P0.05)。随着残膜量的增加土壤中的铵态氮和硝态氮呈增加趋势,与0 kg·hm~(-2)(CK)相比,900 kg·hm~(-2)处理在铃期铵态氮增加了36.6%、硝态氮增加了40.1%。【结论】残膜降低氮素利用率,阻碍了根系生长,不利于棉花产量的提高。  相似文献   

山东滨海盐渍棉田盐分和养分特征及对棉花出苗的影响   总被引：23，自引：6，他引：17  

董合忠  辛承松  李维江  唐薇  张冬梅  罗振 《棉花学报》2009,21(4):290-295

 在黄河三角洲6个县区随机选择318块盐渍棉田,对0～20 cm土层盐分、有机质和主要养分含量分析表明,轻度（含盐量<2.5 g·kg^-1）、中度（2.5～4.49 g·kg^-1）和重度（>4.5 g·kg^-1）盐碱地所占的比例分别为44.3%、40.6%和15.1%。中度盐碱地N、P、K含量皆中等偏下,轻度盐碱地则是钾含量偏低;种植年限短的重度盐碱地有机质含量很低,碱解氮和有效磷含量严重不足,但含钾量高;种植年限较长的重度盐碱地有机质、碱解氮和有效磷的含量中等,但速效钾较低。滨海盐碱棉田土壤含盐量（y）和土壤溶液（水：土=5：1）电导率（x）回归方程为y=3.4058x + 0.1427（n=27,R²=0.9964^**）。当土壤含盐2 g·kg^-1 以下时,棉花基本能正常出苗、成苗;当含盐2～3 g·kg^-1时,只有60％～78%的种子可以出苗,45％～55%的种子能够成苗;含盐超过 4 g·kg^-1时,出苗率40%左右,成苗率不足30%。根据滨海盐碱地的盐分和养分特征,采取合理的成苗技术和施肥技术是实现棉花高产的保证。  相似文献   

行距对机采棉干物质积累及氮磷利用效率的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

尔晨  林涛  张昊  田立文  崔建平  郭仁松  邓方宁  汤秋香 《棉花学报》2020,32(1):77-90

【目的】新疆棉花生产的主要环节均已实现机械化,但采摘环节仍大量使用人工,农机农艺不协调是导致机收比例低的主要原因。优化机采棉行距配置是实现农机农艺融合的有效途径,因此本研究通过设置不同的机采棉行距,探究其对棉花产量形成及养分利用的影响,为机采棉行距配置的优化提供理论依据。【方法】采用随机区组设计,选择生产中最佳密度,在密度一致基础上,设置"一膜三行"(S1,平均行距76 cm)、"一膜四行"(S2,平均行距57 cm)、"一膜六行"(S3,平均行距38 cm)3种行距,其中S3处理为常规机采行距(CK),研究行距对棉花干物质积累、分配以及对产量形成及氮、磷养分吸收利用的影响。【结果】不同行距下棉花干物质的积累符合Logistic生长函数模型。2年均值表明随着平均行距的降低,单株干物质积累总量降低43.3%,干物质最大积累速率降低(1.4 g·株-1·d-1),快速积累期起始时间从出苗后51.4 d逐渐推迟至62.5 d,但快速积累持续时长从19.7 d增加至35.1 d。增加行距显著提高单株成铃(0.9个),对铃重及衣分无显著影响,籽棉及皮棉产量显著增加16.7%和17.4%。行距对植株养分积累与分配有显著的影响,S1处理氮积累总量(907.0 kg·hm-2)、磷积累总量(58.3 kg·hm-2)、吐絮期经济器官氮分配率和磷分配率(N 55.7%和P2O569.1%)、每100 kg皮棉氮素吸收量(32.1 kg)均最高;而S3处理氮积累总量(664.5 kg·hm-2)、磷积累总量(38.9 kg·hm-2)最低,S2处理吐絮期经济器官氮分配率和磷分配率(N 48.5%和P2O560.3%)、每100 kg皮棉氮素吸收量(28.6 kg)最低。【结论】综合来看,一膜三行下植株养分指标及产量均优于其他行距,更适宜作为高效机采的行距。  相似文献   

Effects of Pruning Methods and Canopy Patterns on the Temporal-Spatial Distribution of Cotton Bolls and Yield     

Zhu Xiaowei  Liu Liantao  Wan Hualong  Zhang Yongjiang  Sun Hongchun  Li Cundong 《棉花学报》2019,31(1):79-88

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to shape the good canopy structure and achieve efficiency production of cotton. [Method] With Jimian 958 as test material, a split-plot field experiment was conducted over two years (2016—2017) to determine the effect of different pruning methods (removal and retention of vegetative branches) and canopy height treatments (high and low staggered canopy, low canopy and high canopy) on the temporal-spatial distribution of cotton bolls, yield and yield components in Baoding. [Result] Pruning method and canopy pattern had significant effects on the temporal-spatial distribution of cotton bolls. Regarding temporal distribution, retention of vegetative branch treatment (P₂) significantly increased the number of total bolls (pre-summer, summer and autumn bolls) compared with removal of vegetative branch treatment (P₁). Staggered canopy (C₁) increased the number of pre-summer bolls but resulted in relatively fewer autumn bolls to that of the high canopy (C₃) pattern. Spatial distribution of bolls varied by pruning method, with P₂ treatment producing a greater number of fruit bolls concentrated in the middle part of the plant. P₁ treatment produced a greater number of fruit bolls concentrated in the lower canopy. The combined effects of pruning methods and canopy pattern on seed cotton yield were significant, with the largest yield observed in P₁C₁ (vegetative branch removal×staggered canopy). The P₁C₁ group did not make significant difference in lint yield to the P₂C₁ (vegetative branch retention×staggered canopy) group. [Conclusion] The P₂C₁ canopy structure can produce a greater number of fruit bolls concentrated in the middle part of the cotton, enhance the number and proportion of summer bolls, increase the number of bolls per unit area, and produce higher yields while reducing labour usage, material resources and costs. This simplified cultivation measure offers an important opportunity to efficiently achieve high yields of cotton in the Yellow River Region.  相似文献   

控释氮肥对不同部位棉铃素质及纤维品质的影响   总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2  

李学刚  孙学振  宋宪亮  孙淑娟  陈二影  张美玲 《棉花学报》2013,25(4):316-328

设计100％树脂包膜尿素基施、50％普通尿素+50％树脂包膜尿素基施和棉花控释专用肥基施3种控释氮肥处理,以100％普通尿素为对照,研究等氮条件下,不同控释氮肥处理对棉花(鲁棉研28号)不同结铃部位棉铃素质及纤维品质的影响.结果表明,与普通氮肥处理相比,控释氮肥处理对棉株3～5果节和中上部果枝的棉铃素质及纤维品质影响显著,呈现出铃重增加、衣分降低的趋势,而对其他部位棉铃素质及纤维品质无显著影响.控释氮肥处理显著增大了纤维马克隆值,增加了纤维比强度,提高了纤维成熟度,但对纤维长度影响不显著.3个控施氮肥处理以100％树脂包膜尿素基施处理和棉花控释专用肥基施处理影响最显著.  相似文献   

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Soil Nitrogen Content,Nutrient Uptake and Utilization of Cotton in Low Fertility Fields   总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2  

Qin Yukun  Li Pengcheng  Zheng Cangsong  Sun Miao  Liu Shuai  Dong Helin  Xu Wenxiu 《棉花学报》2019,31(3):242-253

[Objective] The effects of nitrogen (N) application rates on cotton yield, nutrient uptake and utilization rate, soil available N and urease activity were investigated in low-fertility cotton fields of the Yellow River Basin. [Methods] Six N application rate treatments, 0, 90, 180, 270, 360 and 450 kg·hm^－2 (N0, N90, N180, N270, N360 and N450, respectively), were established using cotton CCRI 79 in the field during 2016 and 2017. The cotton yield, dry matter quality, N, phosphorus and potassium accumulation levels, N use efficiency, 0–100-cm soil layer ammonium and nitrate N contents, 0–100-cm soil layer urease activity and other indicators were investigated. [Results] (1) Compared with N0, the N treatments significantly increased seed cotton yield, except the N90 treatment in 2016. Two years of N360 treatments significantly increased the number of bolls per cotton plant, while no significant differences were found among the seed cotton yields with other N treatments. The N application rates had no significant effect on lint percentage. (2) Compared with N0, N applications significantly increased the cotton dry matter accumulation. The accumulation of N, phosphorus and potassium in cotton increased along with the N application rates in the 90–360 kg·hm^－2 range. The levels of N, phosphorus and potassium in N450-treated cotton decreased compared with N360-treated cotton. As the N application rates increased, the N agronomic efficiency and N fertilizer partial productivity of cotton decreased. When the N application rates exceeded 360 kg·hm^－2, the N physiological efficiency began to decrease, but there were no significant differences among treatments. (3) The nitrate N contents in the 41–80-cm soil layers of the treatments, except for N90, significantly increased compared with N0. The nitrate N contents in the 41–80-cm soil layers of N270-, N360- and N450-treated cotton were significantly increased compared with those of N0, N90 and N180. However, N applications had no significant effects on the ammonium N contents in the soil. (4) The soil urease activities increased when N application rates were less than 360 kg·hm^－2, and then decreased when the N application rates were greater than 360 kg·hm^－2. [Conclusion] The optimum N application rate was 277.0 kg·hm^－2. When the N application rates were greater than 360 kg·hm^－2, the nitrate N contents in the soil increased. However, the nutrient accumulation levels and the N fertilization efficiencies decreased, and the soil urease activities were inhibited. No obvious increase in cotton yield was observed.  相似文献   

江苏滨海盐碱地麦后直播棉氮、磷、钾肥料优化配比研究   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  

杨长琴  刘瑞显  张国伟  王晓婧  倪万潮 《棉花学报》2020,32(1):11-20

【目的】建立江苏省滨海盐碱地麦后直播棉合理的施肥技术体系。【方法】2017―2018年在江苏省滨海棉田,以中棉所50为材料,采用正交设计,研究了不同氮、磷、钾肥配施量对棉花生物量、养分累积与利用及产量的影响。【结果】氮、磷、钾肥3因子对棉株地上部和生殖器官生物量、棉株地上部氮和钾素累积量及皮棉产量的影响均为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥。施N 150~225 kg·hm-2、P2O575 kg·hm-2下棉株地上部和生殖器官生物量、氮和钾累积量及皮棉产量较高。钾肥因子对生殖器官生物量和皮棉产量影响不显著。钾肥因子对氮、钾素利用效率的影响大于氮肥和磷肥,氮肥因子对磷素利用效率的影响大于磷肥和钾肥,施K2O 75~150 kg·hm-2氮、钾素利用效率较高、施氮225 kg·hm-2磷素利用效率较高。土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量较高棉田的氮、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥配施量分别为225 kg·hm-2、75 kg·hm-2和150~225 kg·hm-2。相关分析表明,皮棉产量与棉株氮、钾素累积量显著正相关。【结论】长江流域棉区滨海盐碱地麦后直播棉利于产量和养分利用效率提高的最佳氮、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥配施量分别为225 kg·hm-2、75 kg·hm-2、75 kg·hm-2。  相似文献   

Screening and Verification of Low Nitrogen Tolerant and Nitrogen Sensitive Cotton Germplasm     

Wang Zhun  Zhang Hengheng  Dong Qiang  Gui Huiping  Wang Xiangru  Pang Nianchang  Li Yongnian  Niu Jing  Jin Dingsha  Wang Sujie  Zhang Xiling  Song Meizhen 《棉花学报》2021,32(6):538-551

[Objective] The aim of this study is to evaluate nitrogen efficient cotton germplasms and improve nitrogen use efficiency. [Method] Eighty cotton germplasms were selected and evaluated in the hydroponic experiment under low (0.25 mmol·L^－1) and high (5 mmol·L^－1) nitrogen concentration. Different traits for screening were identified and nitrogen use efficiency types were classified. Field experiments were also performed for comparison and confirmation of the identified germplasms. [Result] The results showed that there were significant differences in the total plant dry matter, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency in cotton germplasms at the two nitrogen levels. Based on coefficient of variation, principal component analysis and correlation, six traits including total plant dry matter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, total nitrogen accumulation, shoot nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen absorption efficiency were used as screening indicators. According to the Heatmap clustering analysis and the nitrogen efficiency comprehensive index, two germplasms (Lu05R59 and CCRI 69) were identified as low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient, and two germplasms (Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30) as low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient. The results of field experiment were consistent with the results of the hydroponic culture at the seedling stage. [Conclusion] It was finally determined that Lu05R59 and CCRI 69 were the low nitrogen tolerant and nitrogen efficient germplasms, and Coker 201 and Xinluzhong 30 were low nitrogen sensitive and nitrogen inefficient germplasms. The results of these studies provide the possibility for screening and rapid identification of nitrogen use efficiency in cotton at the seedling stage, and provide the ideal materials and theoretical basis for further study of cotton nitrogen efficient.  相似文献   

Effects of Density and Miantaijin Chemical Control on Boll Characteristics and Physiological Activity of Direct-Seeded Cotton after Wheat Harvest     

Liu Yuanyuan  Lin Yuan  Liu Xiaofei  Cai Zezhou  Chen Yuan  Zhang Xiang  Chen Dehua 《棉花学报》2021,32(6):552-560

[Objective] The aim of this research is to study the effects of planting density and Miantaijin(diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate·mepiquat chloride of mass fraction 27.5%) chemical control on physiological leaf characteristics and boll setting characteristics of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest. [Method] In 2011―2012, the early-maturing variety Guoxinzao 11-1 was used as the experimental material. The study was conducted in Yangzhou University in 2011―2012 under the direct-seeded after wheat harvest cropping system, and the randomized complete block design was arranged with planting densities and Miantaijin rates. [Result] Under the density 105 000 plant·hm^－2 combined with 1 170 mL·hm^－2 Miantaijin, the boll setting was mainly concentrated before August 31. The SPAD value, soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, free amino acid content on July 15, July 30, August 15 of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest showed significant or extremely significant open-down parabola relationship with the number of bolls before August 31. It indicates that keeping the appropriate level of carbon and nitrogen physiological activity in cotton leaves is beneficial to high-quality bolls. [Conclusion] High density (105 000 plant·hm^－2) combined with proper Miantaijin control (1 170 mL·hm^－2) would contribute to forming quality bolls of direct-seeded cotton after wheat harvest, and the physiological activities of leaf carbon and nitrogen are suitable.  相似文献   

Effects of Low Phosphorus Stress on Root Morphology and Physiological Characteristics of Different Cotton Genotypes at the Seedling Stage   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Sun Miao  Li Pengcheng  Zheng Cangsong  Liu Shuai  Liu Aizhong  Han Huimin  Liu Jingran  Dong Helin 《棉花学报》2018,30(1):45-52

[Objective] Phosphorus is one of three major required nutrients for cotton growth and development. A phosphorus deficiency will lead to retarded cotton growth, undeveloped roots, and the abscission of buds and bolls, which results in serious reductions in cotton yield and quality. While applied phosphorus is easily fixed in soils, it is mostly transferred to occluded P, which is not available to plants. Therefore, this study aimed to provide theoretical support for the study of response mechanisms to low phosphorus stress and the efficient phosphorus uptake and utilization of different cotton genotypes. [Method] The effects of phosphorus accumulation and utilization, leaf photosynthetic characteristics and root morphology of two genotypes of cotton (CCRI 79 and SCRC 28) were studied in hydroponic cultures having different phosphorus concentrations. [Result] CCRI 79 had higher phosphorus utilization rates of 90.92 mg·mg^－1 at the low phosphorus level (KH2PO4 1.0×10^－5 mol·L^－1) and 23.09 mg·mg^－1 at the high phosphorus level (KH2PO4 0.5 mol·L－1) compared with SCRC 28. When phosphorus was deficient, the total root length, total root surface area and total root volume of SCRC 28 increased by 13.05%, 18.78% and 10.50%, respectively, while the total root length, total root surface area and total root volume of CCRI 79 decreased significantly. [Conclusion] Here, we found that SCRC 28 had a root morphology and physiological characteristics that allowed it to adapt to low phosphorusstress, while CCRI 79 utilized phosphorus more efficiently.  相似文献