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《棉花科学》2016,(5)
为了选育出适合江西棉区两熟或多熟种植模式的早熟棉花新品种或组合,本试验利用早熟短季棉品种为亲本之一,与另一中熟或中晚熟优质、丰产亲本进行杂交,并对配制的21个杂交组合进行F1代优势测定分析。结果表明:该批参试组合生育期均值为117天,比对照早熟8天,属早熟棉品种类型;单株成铃整体偏低,均值仅为19.4个,远低于对照;单铃重和衣分均较高,均值分别达6.0 g和44.2%,这两均值与对照一致;株高、果枝层数、始果枝节位等均低于对照,表现出早熟的特性;另外,该批参试组合籽棉、皮棉产量整体偏低,但纤维品质与对照差异不大。经综合比较分析,筛选出综合性状较好组合材料5份,分别是组合1、8、9、14及16号,可进一步利用。 相似文献
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选取16份在黄河流域棉区（山西省运城市）多年选育已稳定纯合的高代棉花品系,研究其在新疆植棉区种植后的铃重、衣分和纤维品质指标的变化规律,为后期开展引种试验及品种选育工作提供科学依据。结果表明,大多数山西选育的棉花材料在北疆早熟植棉区和南疆早中熟植棉区种植后铃重和衣分增加;除个别棉花材料外,大部分山西棉花材料在新疆植棉区种植后的纤维长度整齐度指数、断裂伸长率、马克隆值、上半部平均长度和断裂比强度降低,纺纱质量下降。因此,纤维品质的下降可能是阻碍山西棉花材料在新疆早熟及早中熟植棉区示范和推广应用的重要因素,建议在将山西棉花材料引种到新疆时,选择纤维品质较优的材料。 相似文献
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通过对江西省棉花研究所育种课题组利用早熟棉品种与高产优质的中熟棉材料进行杂交的F1代22份材料,采用主成分、聚类和相关性分析方法进行12个主要性状综合评价分析,以期筛选出早熟、高产、优质的棉花新品种或组合。统计分析结果表明,22份材料的各个性状的表现存在较大差异,籽棉产量的变异系数最大,生育期和纤维整齐度指数变异系数较小。相关性分析结果表明,生育期与马克隆值、纤维上半部平均长度、整齐度指数、伸长率均呈正相关,纤维上半部平均长度与马克隆值、断裂比强度相关性达到极显著水平。主成分分析结果显示,前4个主成分特征值大于1,累计贡献率达到70.713%。聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离5.0处,22份材料划分为5个类群,第IV类和第V类产量高、品质好,其中第V类生育期短、植株矮。本研究通过综合评价分析筛选出早熟高产优质材料2份,可进一步育成早熟棉新品种进行示范推广;此外还筛选出高产材料3份,优质材料2份,早熟材料1份,可进一步改良利用。 相似文献
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为有效利用引进的棉花种质资源,2009～2010年对近年从国内外棉花研究机构引进的种质资源51份进行了生育期性状、产量性状、纤维品质及抗棉铃虫性鉴定。结果表明：该批材料类型较丰富,生育期大部分属于中熟偏晚型,单株结铃数变幅较大,单铃重整体表现一般,大部分在5.5 g以下,衣分均较高,抗虫性整体表现也一般;纤维品质整体表现为中等偏上,纤维整齐度较好,马克隆值偏高,伸长率中等,纤维长度和比强度整体较好。该批材料中有强结铃性材料3份,高衣分材料18份,长纤维材料2份,高比强度材料6份,大铃材料2份,高抗虫材料4 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
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Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献