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1.
温度对银杏光系统Ⅱ光抑制的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以银杏叶片为试材,在不同温度下采用连续激发式植物效率仪PEA测试强光照射对快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学参数的影响,利用CIRAS-2型便携式光合系统进行光合光转化效率LCE的光强响应测试。结果表明:银杏光抑制不仅呈现光强剂量效应,而且呈现温度剂量效应。当光强超过约1000μmol·m-2s-1时银杏LCE最低,为较严重的光抑制过程。在25℃常温下超过1000μmol·m-2s-1光强照射20min时银杏Fv/Fm下降加快;15℃以下低温和35℃以上高温均会使Fv/Fm进一步降低;而且热胁迫比冷胁迫的光抑制程度更大,因为25～45℃下Fv/Fm的直线回归斜率/kheat/比5～20℃的/kchilling/增大了15.4%。5～10℃的低温强光引起银杏叶片热耗散DIo/RC略微增加,而35℃以上高温强光会导致热耗散DIo/RC剧增。冷胁迫会降低PSⅡ反应中心数目,但是热胁迫会使之降低更多。冷热胁迫下强光引起的光抑制(Fv/Fm)与PSⅡ反应中心数目RC/CSo或RC/ABS与之间高度正相关。因此,PSⅡ的异质性即PSⅡ反应中心的可逆失活是冷热胁迫下光合机构发生光抑制的保护机制。 相似文献
2.
模拟酸雨对假俭草叶绿素荧光特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
研究模拟酸雨(pH 2.5、pH 3.0)对假俭草叶绿素荧光特性的影响.结果表明:酸雨6 h胁迫引起假俭草PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ潜在活性(Fv/F0)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、PSⅡ电子传递量子产率(ФPSⅡ)、光合电子传递速率(ETR)和非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)下降,pH 2.5处理比pH 3.0处理的下降幅度大;酸雨处理停止24 h后, Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、qP、ФPSⅡ、ETR、NPQ回升;酸雨处理停止48 h后,回升至接近对照.研究还表明,利用非损伤的叶绿素荧光技术可快速检测草对环境因子变化的响应. 相似文献
3.
《竹子研究汇刊》2015,(3)
为探讨叶黄素循环在竹子光保护中的作用,研究了叶黄素循环抑制剂二硫苏糖醇(DTT)处理后金镶玉竹Phyllostachys aureosulcata f.spectabilis叶片在不同光照条件下的叶绿素荧光参数变化。结果表明,随强光(1 200μmol·m-2·s-1)处理时间的延长正常叶片的q P,Fv'/Fm',Y(Ⅱ)和Fv/Fm值均显著降低(P0.01),Fo显著升高(P0.01);而DTT处理叶片的q P和Fv/Fm下降更为显著(P0.01),Fv'/Fm'和Fo下降较缓慢,但也达到极显著水平(P0.01)。DTT处理叶片在黑暗恢复阶段,Fo和Fv/Fm均呈恢复趋势;黑暗恢复12 h后,与未经DTT处理的叶片相比,用于光保护的Y(NPQ)所占比重较小,反应光损伤的Y(NO)所占比重较大,分别是未经DTT处理叶片的0.53和1.80倍;DTT处理的叶片经强光处理后再进行黑暗处理,其Fo和Fv/Fm无明显变化。由此表明,DTT通过抑制叶黄素循环来影响光胁迫条件下金镶玉竹的叶绿素荧光参数,进一步证明叶黄素循环在抵抗强光胁迫、防止光抑制、缓解反应中心蛋白失活以及平衡PSⅡ量子分配等方面有着重要作用。 相似文献
4.
【目的】探讨高温对连翘离体叶圆片光系统Ⅱ活性和叶黄素循环脱环化程度的影响,揭示热胁迫下连翘叶片光合机构的行为特征,充实植物光能高效利用研究领域。【方法】以连翘为供试材料,在功能叶片主叶脉两侧打取直径为1 cm的叶圆片,采用热胁迫温度(26,31,34,37,40,43,46,49和52℃)和时间(5,25和45 min)组合处理,之后于26℃室内环境中暗适应30 min,利用叶绿素成像荧光仪( MINI-IMAGING-PAM)和 QE65光谱仪分别进行叶绿素荧光参数和漫反射率的测定。【结果】在5,25,45 min热胁迫下,连翘叶片 PSⅡ光化学活性 Fv/Fm 和实际光化学量子产量 Y(Ⅱ)开始显著降低的温度分别为43,37,37℃和43,31,31℃。随着热胁迫温度和时间的增加,呈现出暗适应下最小荧光 Fo 和光化学荧光猝灭系数 qP 先减后增的变化、暗适应下最大荧光 Fm 大幅度降低、开放的 PSⅡ反应中心的激发能捕获效率 F'v/F'm和 PSII 电子传输活性 Fm/Fo 迅速降低、调节性能量耗散量子产量 Y ( NPQ)与非调节性能量耗散的量子产量 Y( NO)和值的趋饱和增加、PSⅡ与 PSⅠ间的激发能分配不平衡偏离系数β/α－1先增后降的变化趋势。另外,叶黄素循环脱环化程度负相关的 PRI与 Y( NO)呈现相反变化趋势。【结论】在长时间较高的热胁迫温度下,连翘叶片的热胁迫伤害不仅会发生在PSⅡ蛋白复合体的多个位点,也会发生在整个光合机构,还会从暗反应的酶活性衰减转向 PSⅡ活性衰减;同时,对热胁迫伤害的协调保护机制,一方面表现在过剩的激发能量会从以调节性能量耗散 Y( NPQ)为主转向非调节性能量耗散 Y( NO)为主,另一方面也可能会表现在通过调节 PSⅡ与 PSⅠ之间激发能分配平衡性的天线系统的状态转换上。 相似文献
5.
6.
《森林与环境学报》2010,(4)
应用叶绿素荧光测定技术分别测定香樟8个无性系的叶绿素荧光参数。结果表明:无性系Pc-2、Pc-1、Pc-706的叶绿素仪测定值(SPAD)、可变荧光(Fv)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、PSⅡ的潜在活性(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ电子传递量子产率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(QY)等值均高于其它5个无性系,非光化学猝灭系数(npq)相对较低,这3个无性系具有较好的光合生理功能,是城市绿化的优良树种。相关分析表明:Fv、Fm、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fo、QY、qp、ΦPSⅡ与SPAD值呈正相关,npq与SPAD值及其它荧光参数均呈负相关。 相似文献
7.
《宁夏林业通讯》2018,(6)
植物可以通过减少色素和捕光色素复合体Ⅱ的含量来降低叶片对光能的捕获。土壤水分胁迫会影响叶绿素的生物合成,促进已合成的叶绿素分解,使其含量降低,这可能是土壤水分胁迫下植物体内产生的多种活性氧使光合色素发生降解所致。为研究持续干旱对巨龙竹叶绿素荧光动力学参数的影响,以巨龙竹幼苗为试验材料,采用盆栽方式模拟自然持续干旱,测定叶绿素荧光参数及叶绿素含量,并对其抗旱性进行综合分析。结果表明:干旱胁迫下,巨龙竹叶片叶绿素含量、最大荧光(Fm)、实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)、可变荧光与最大荧光比(Fv/Fm)均降低;初始荧光(Fo),说明干旱胁迫伤害了光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ),使得PSⅡ原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)降低,光合电子传递、光合原初反应过程受到抑制,起光保护作用的热耗散提高。 相似文献
8.
采用抑制剂法研究盐胁迫下D1蛋白周转和叶黄素循环对桑树叶片PSⅡ功能的影响.结果表明:桑树叶片在100 mmol·L-1 NaCl胁迫下保持较高的PSⅡ反应中心的活性,具有完善的光破坏防御机制.通过硫酸链霉素(SM)抑制D1蛋白的周转和二硫苏糖醇(DTT)抑制叶黄素循环,损伤盐胁迫下桑树叶片的PSⅡ反应中心,加剧盐胁迫对桑树叶片PSⅡ反应中心的伤害,说明D1蛋白周转和叶黄素循环在保护盐胁迫下桑树叶片PSⅡ功能中发挥重要的作用,并且D1蛋白周转的保护作用大于叶黄素循环.DTT抑制盐胁迫下桑树叶片的叶黄素循环,却将PSⅡ反应中心吸收的光能大部分以无效的荧光和热能形式耗散,减缓过剩激发能对PSⅡ反应中心的伤害程度.SM处理可抑制D1蛋白周转,减弱盐胁迫下桑树叶片以叶黄素循环为主的耗散非辐射能量的能力,降低过剩激发能的热耗散程度,导致叶片中的过剩光能(1-qp)/NPQ成倍积累,造成PSⅡ反应中心大量失活.因此,SM不但可抑制D1蛋白的周转,还可增强QB的还原程度,降低电子传递链上的电子传递,PQ库容量降低,减弱依赖PQ在类囊体膜两侧建立质子梯度(△pH)的能力,从而限制依赖于△pH的叶黄素循环.因此,盐胁迫下抑制D1蛋白的周转不但降低吸收光能后用于电子传递的比例,而且会破坏叶黄素循环耗散过剩的光能,这也是D1蛋白周转对PSⅡ的保护作用大于叶黄素循环的原因之一. 相似文献
9.
以3年生银杏苗木为试材,在盆栽条件下模拟淹水胁迫,研究淹水对银杏苗木叶绿素含量及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明:3年生银杏叶片的叶绿素含量和各叶绿素荧光参数受淹水胁迫的影响较为显著,随淹水胁迫时间延长,银杏叶片的叶绿素含量降低,叶片的初始荧光明显上升,而最大荧光、PSⅡ最大光化学效率Fv/Fm、PSⅡ潜在光化学活性Fv/Fo均呈显著降低趋势。该结果可为城市绿化中银杏耐涝性评价提供参考。 相似文献
10.
3种引种杨树和3种乡土杨树苗叶的光合特性比较 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在自然条件下,测定了3种引种杨树和3种乡土杨树苗木叶片的光合气体交换参数和叶绿素荧光参数。3种引种杨树为芬兰山杨A21、芬兰山杨16、加杨,3种乡土杨树为小青杨、小叶杨、兴安杨。其测定结果表明,3种引种杨树苗叶的净光合速率(Pn)显著高于3种乡土杨树,同时蒸腾速率(E)、瞬时水分利用效率(WUE)的平均值也高于3种乡土杨树的苗叶。从而说明3种引种杨树的光合能力较强,对吸收的光能和水分的利用效率较高。3种引种杨树苗叶的初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光(Fm)、PSⅡ光能捕获效率(F′v/F′m)、稳定荧光(Fs)、光适应下最小荧光产量(F′o)、最大荧光产量(F′m)的平均值均高于3种乡土杨树,3种引种杨树的可变荧光(Fv)、PSⅡ最大光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)、可变荧光与初始荧光之比(Fv/Fo)、PSⅡ电子传递量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)、非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)的平均值均低于3种乡土杨树。相关分析表明,Pn与Tr、Tr与Ci、Fm与Fo、Fv/Fo与Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ与Fo均呈极显著正相关(P0.01);ΦPSⅡ与Fm、F′v/F′m与Fv/Fo呈显著正相关(P0.05);Fv/Fo与Fo、Fv/Fm与Fo、NPQ与Fv/Fm、NPQ与Fv/Fo均呈极显著负相关(P0.01);qP与F′v/F′m呈显著负相关(P0.05)。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献