共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 546 毫秒
1.
晚更新世小江流域泥石流沉积特征及发育规律 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
泥石流沉积物作为晚更新世一种特殊沉积类型,是在特定的地质过程和地理环境中形成的。由于特殊的地理环境,泥石流沉积成为晚更新世小江流域主要的沉积类型,本文在研究了青藏高原东缘小江流域蒋家沟附近晚更新世不同时段泥石流沉积剖面沉积特征、化学元素及可溶盐成分的富集规律、CaCO3含量、pH值、有机质含量及植物花粉组合特征后发现,自末次间冰期到末次冰期,沉积物基质中可溶性盐在增多,花粉从以木本为主转变为草本为主,同时泥石流沉积层有变薄的趋势,反映了随气候变冷,泥石流有减少的趋势。 相似文献
2.
新集黄土剖面位于陕西扶风县境内渭河第四级阶地上。剖面出露有马兰黄土（Q3）和离石黄土上部（Q22）,厚38m,见有五层古土壤。根据黄土的性质,剖面处于碳酸盐风化壳阶段。黄土中碳酸盐含量10.0—16.5%,古土壤则为0.19—6.0%,全剖面的 SiO2、Al2O3和 Fe2O3含量分别为54.0—66.6%、11.6—15.8%、4.8—6.6%。古土壤中的铁铝含量均较黄土为高。但在减去碳酸钙后,差别不甚明显。黄土和古土壤中的粘土矿物主要为伊利石,剖面呈盐基饱和。根据古土壤的结构和性征,这些埋藏的土壤属褐土类土壤。 相似文献
3.
对辽东山地典型冰缘地貌上覆土壤的粒度、常微量化学元素进行测试分析,结果表明:土壤颗粒组成包括黏粒20.79%、粉粒69.54%和砂粒9.67%,平均粒径整体偏细,约为6.45Ф,不同土壤类型、地貌类型及坡向的粒度分布存在一定差异。土壤元素化学组成以SiO2（45.60%）,Al2 O3（12.90%）,Fe2O3（3.90%）,K2O （2.17%）为主,最大比例可达73.36%。元素Ca,Na,P,Sr显著淋溶,而Mn,Ti,Cu,Zn则相对富集,其他元素迁移不甚明显。少数元素还表现出与粒度分布存在显著关联,其中K,Na,Sr,Ba多存在于砂质土壤中,而元素Ti则容易在粒度更细致的黏土颗粒中留存。化学风化指数CIA均值约为65.50,Rb/Sr约为0.70,反映风化程度较低,且长期经历干冷气候,A—CN—K三角模型表明,研究区土壤风化以脱钙钠、富铝为主,风化水平尚处于低等风化阶段中后期。 相似文献
4.
氮硅磷肥配施提高四川春玉米的氮磷钾吸收和产量 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
5.
铝胁迫下外源抗坏血酸对水稻幼苗抗氧化性能的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨外源抗坏血酸(AsA)对铝胁迫下水稻抗氧化损伤的效应,以滇优35号(杂交稻,粳稻)为试验材料,采用溶液培养法研究外源AsA对不同铝浓度(0、50、100、200、400 μmol·L-1)胁迫下水稻根尖H2O2含量及抗氧化酶活性等生理生化指标的影响。结果表明,水稻根尖氧化损伤程度随铝浓度的递增而加剧,与对照相比,400 μmol·L-1铝胁迫可导致水稻根尖H2O2和MDA含量增加1.53和3.16倍,脯氨酸含量、SOD、POD、APX和CAT活性分别增加1.73、1.39、1.42、1.76和1.56倍,内源AsA含量减少0.53倍;而施用外源AsA处理的根尖H2O2和MDA含量只增加1.04和2.69倍,内源AsA含量减少0.46倍,脯氨酸含量增加1.96倍,SOD、POD、APX和CAT活性分别增加1.48、1.63、1.90和1.89倍。综上所述,外源AsA可通过增强渗透调节物质含量来维护质膜结构的完整性,增强抗氧化酶活性和内源AsA含量,降低根尖H2O2的积累和质膜过氧化程度,促进水稻在铝胁迫条件下的生长。本研究结果为进一步探索外源AsA缓解水稻铝毒的机理提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
6.
【目的】明确贵州烟田土壤pH、交换性钙(Ca2+)、交换性镁(Mg2+)和碳酸钙(CaCO3)的含量分布特征及其相互关系,指导土壤酸碱调节及钙镁肥料施用。【方法】采集贵州全省烟区500个典型烟田耕层(0～20 cm)土样,采用经典方法测定土壤p H、Ca2+、Mg2+和CaCO3含量,利用SPSS比较不同成土母质、土壤类型和区域之间pH、Ca2+、Mg2+和CaCO3的含量差异,定量分析pH与Ca2+、Mg2+和CaCO3之间的关系。【结果】土壤pH、Ca2+和Mg2+含量偏低的烟田分别占20.0%、18.2%和56.4%,偏高的烟田分别占37.0%、55.8%和29.6%。CaCO3低于10 g kg-1 烟田占88.4%。不同成土母质、... 相似文献
7.
8.
[目的]研究崩岗土体物理性质的内部分异和崩岗土体化学物质组成,为更好地理解崩岗的侵蚀过程提供理论参考。[方法]以广东省德庆县3个典型崩岗为例,采用筛分法、烘干法、激光粒度分析、液塑限分析、X射线衍射分析和X射线荧光光谱分析,对崩岗不同地貌部位的土体物理性质、矿物组成和化学元素进行测定。[结果](1)崩壁土体容重略大于崩积体、沟道和洪积扇的土体容重;崩壁和崩积体的含水率和界限含水率大于沟道和洪积扇的土体含水率和界限含水率。(2)崩岗土体中值粒径表现为：崩壁<崩积体<沟道<洪积扇;崩壁和崩积体土体颗粒级配曲线呈双峰型,沟道和洪积扇土体颗粒级配曲线呈单峰型。(3)崩岗土体的矿物成分以黏土矿物高岭石为主,石英和白云母次之;化合物以SiO2含量最多,其次为Al2O3;化学元素以Ti含量最高,S含量次之。[结论]崩岗不同地貌部位的土体物理性质具有一定的分异现象,水力—重力复合侵蚀作用机制是这一内部分异形成的原因。强化学风化作用下,崩岗土体黏土矿物以高岭石为主,化学物质在崩岗内部没有出现明显的元素迁移和富集现象。 相似文献
9.
外源硫酸铝调节八仙花花青苷组成和含量变化的分子生物学机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
10.
11.
Under semi-arid conditions, the properties of many soils are influenced by the presence of organic matter and calcium carbonate (CaCO3). However, the influence of different tillage systems on the development of these properties has scarcely been studied under semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. We studied the effect of long-term conservation tillage (CT) and traditional tillage (TT) on the stratification ratio of soil organic carbon and on CaCO3 content. The study was conducted in a wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) crop rotation established in 1991 under rainfed conditions in Southwestern Spain. As is traditional in this area, wheat was fertilised, but sunflower was not. Conservation tillage was characterised by reduced number of tillage operations and leaving crop residues on the soil surface, while TT was with mouldboard ploughing. Stratification ratio of soil organic C was calculated from C contents in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm soil layers divided by that in the 25–40 cm. Stratification ratio of soil organic C under the CT (>2) was significantly greater than under TT (<2); values >2 indicating better soil quality. Our results show a loss of CaCO3 under both tillage systems. However, the loss of CaCO3 was significantly higher under TT than under CT. Also, P and K accumulated in the soil surface and stratification ratio for both nutrients was greater in CT than in TT. 相似文献
12.
N2 adsorption (77 K) was combined with 129Xe nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of adsorbed xenon to characterise soil meso- (2–50 nm) and microporosity (<2 nm). Materials from the Alh and Bt horizons of a Luvisol, the Go horizon of a Gleysol and the Bvs horizon of a Podzol were analysed. Additionally, we examined samples obtained by mixing of H2O2-treated soil fractions with organic soil material (“soil + organic matter” samples). N2- specific surface areas (SBET) and micropore volumes (Vmicro) and areas (Smicro) were markedly affected by the presence of iron oxides in soils. Their removal with dithionite-citrate-bicarbonate (DCB) treatment was accompanied by a significant decrease in SBET and almost complete disappearance of the micropores. The organic carbon (OC) content decreased by 10–35% after the DCB-procedure showing that a certain proportion of the soil organic matter was extracted together with iron oxides. This may point to a close association between carbon compounds and iron oxides, possibly by incorporation of low molecular weight organic compounds into the phase of iron oxides. Such interactions are expected to contribute to the stabilisation of organic carbon in soils. Indeed, as compared to the top horizon (Alh of Luvisol), a higher proportion of organic matter was co-extracted with iron oxides from the subsurface horizons (Bt of Luvisol, Go of Gleysol) characterised by higher amounts of organic carbon resisting oxidation with H2O2. Examination of the mixed “soil + organic matter” samples supports that after addition, organic molecules occupy micropores (evidenced by N2 adsorption) and narrower mesopores of the mineral matter (evidenced by 129Xe NMR). 相似文献
13.
Micronutrient deficiencies are common in many parts of China's Loess Plateau. The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of long-term cropping and fertilization practices on soil properties and micronutrient availability in this region. The field plot experiment began in 1984. It included five cropping systems and four fertilizer treatments. In September 2002, soil samples were collected and soil pH, organic matter content, available P, and CaCO3 were measured. Total and available Zn, Cu, Mn, and Fe were also determined. The relationship between soil properties and available micronutrients was determined by correlation and path analysis. After 18 years, soil pH and CaCO3 levels were lower in the cropped and fertilized treatments compared to the fallow treatment. In contrast, soil organic matter and available P levels were higher in cropped compared to fallow treatments. A comparison of unfertilized treatments indicated that available Zn and Cu levels in cropped treatments were lower compared to the fallow treatment, probably due to the removal of these micronutrients from the system through crop uptake and harvest. In contrast, available Mn and Fe levels were higher in cropped treatments compared to the fallow treatment. The impacts of fertilization on available micronutrients varied with cropping systems. Generally, available Zn and Fe were higher in fertilized compared to unfertilized treatments, but available Cu was not significantly influenced by fertilization. Fertilization tended to increase available Mn in continuous wheat and maize, but reduced available Mn in continuous clover and the crop–legume rotation. The total (plant available + unavailable) micronutrient contents were lower in the four cropped-treatments compared to the fallow treatment. The addition of manure or P fertilizer increased total Zn, Fe, and Mn, but had no significant effect on total Cu. The results of correlation analysis and path analysis indicated that soil organic matter exerts a significant and direct effect on the availability of Zn, Mn, and Fe, but has little influence on available Cu. The effects of available P, CaCO3, and pH on micronutrient availability were indirect, passing through soil organic matter. The results of this study suggest that long-term cropping and fertilization altered several important soil properties and increased the plant available micronutrient content of this loess-derived soil. 相似文献
14.
Soil weathering is recognizable through study on physico-chemical characteristics of soil. In this study, Parker, ([(Na)a / 0.35] + [(Mg)a / 0.9] + [(K)a / 0.25] + [(Ca)a / 0.7]) × 100, and Product, [SiO2 / (TiO2 + Fe2O3 + SiO2 + Al2O3)] × 100, weathering indexes, originally developed for study on rocks, were tested on Yellow Brown Forest soils from two different regions in Japan. The results showed that the contribution of the mentioned indexes can be used for study on soils weathering. In other word, in a two-dimensional coordination system where the axes are Parker and Product indexes, regarding to the chemical bases of the indexes, initial and lateral products of weathering can be tracked at the same time.
Additionally, the indexes relations with soil color were studied after exposing the samples at a high temperature. Remarkable relationships between a* / b* ratio–parameters of psychometric chromaticness of color in CIE color standard system–and these two weathering indexes demonstrated that a* / b* ratio can be applied reliably to estimate the quantities of Parker and Product indexes in Yellow Brown Forest soils. 相似文献
15.
Chemical characteristics and potential source of fulvic acids leached from the plow layer of paddy soil 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
To understand better the chemical characteristics and source of dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from the plow layer of rice paddies, a lysimeter study was conducted, which simulated submerged paddy topsoil during rice growth. The fulvic acid (FA) fraction in the percolation water from the lysimeter was collected by adsorption onto insoluble polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and the temporal variations in its elemental composition, molecular size distribution, IR spectra, 13C CPMAS NMR spectra, and δ13C values were investigated. The proportion of the FA fraction to bulk DOM varied greatly, but the chemical characteristics of the FA fraction did not change appreciably during the experimental period. Thus, it is considered that the changes in the DOM composition in percolation water were mainly due to the differing contributions of the FA fraction. Further, to investigate the source of the FA fraction in the leachate, the chemical characteristics of the FA fraction in the leachate were compared with those extracted from the plow layer soil. A sequential extraction of the FA fraction was conducted using a sequence of water, 0.25 M Na2SO4, 0.1 M Na4P2O7 (pH 7.0), 0.1 M Na4P2O7 (pH 10.5), and NaBH4+0.1 M Na4P2O7 (pH 10.5). It was found that the water- and 0.25 M Na2SO4-extractable fractions, which were most mobile, were not the only source of the FA fraction in the leachate. The small molecular size sub-fraction of the NaBH4+0.1 M Na4P2O7 (pH 10.5)-extractable FAs, most of which are probably bound mainly to iron oxides, are considered to be another source of the FA fraction leached from the plow layer of paddy fields. 相似文献
16.
磷是农作物生长发育的必需元素,为了保证我国粮食安全,提高农作物的产量,提高磷肥有效性十分重要。本试验选取三种石灰性土壤（郑州潮土、周口褐土和昌图风沙土）为研究对象,通过90天的室内埋土试验,在三种土壤中研究氨基酸与磷酸一铵配施对提高土壤中磷肥有效性的影响。研究结果表明:（1）氨基酸在三种石灰性土壤中均能够提高磷酸一铵的有效性,郑州潮土、周口褐土和昌图风沙土的磷肥有效性与单施磷酸一铵相比分别提高了21.16%、10.87%和4.06%;（2）氨基酸的加入降低了土壤中Ca2-P向Ca8-P或其他难溶形态磷的转化,通过对三种土壤进行相关性和通径分析的得出在郑州潮土、周口褐土和昌图风沙土中主要决策因子是Ca2-P,决策系数分别到达了0.836、0.946和0.712（P < 0.05）,郑州潮土、周口褐土主要限制因子是Ca8-P,决策系数分别为?0.066、?0.401（P < 0.05）,昌图风沙土主要限制因子是Ca8-P和Fe-P,决策系数分别为?0.080和?0.105（P < 0.05）;（3）氨基酸的加入能够降低三种石灰性土壤的pH和CaCO3含量,有利于提高磷肥有效性;（4）通过对三种土壤的有效磷含量与土壤理化性质进行冗余分析,得出有机质（SOM）和碳酸钙 （CaCO3）是影响磷肥在三种土壤中固定速率差异的主要原因,SOM和CaCO3分别解释了有效磷含量全部变异的36.5%和25.6% （P < 0.05）。氨基酸在三种石灰性土壤中均能够提高磷肥有效性,主要途径是降低土壤的pH和CaCO3含量,抑制Ca2-P的快速转化。在三种石灰性土壤中,氨基酸作用有差异的主要原因是三种土壤中SOM和CaCO3含量的差异,提高SOM,降低土壤中CaCO3能够降低土壤对磷的固定,提高磷肥有效性。 相似文献
17.
The relationships of pH to Mn concentrations in equilibrium soil solutions of strongly acid soils (pH < 4.5) were studied. The values of Mn concentrations did not conform to the solubility relationships of MnO2, Mn2O3 or Mn(OH)3. On the othr hand, a significant relationship between pMn and exchangeable Mn (r = 0.636**, N =43) was observed. This suggest that the levels of Mn in solution are primarily controlled by exchangeable Mn in response to pH changes.
Mineral soil samples when air-dried showed a 1.5 to more than 8-fold increase in amounts of NH4Cl-extractable Mn. This increase was not observed in soil samples rich in organic matter (> 5% organic carbon), thus excluding the possibility of release of Mn from the organic fraction of the soil. The increase is considered a consequence of increased solubility of Mn-oxides. 相似文献