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1.
双氟沙星对小鼠的显性致死试验 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
本试验研究了双氟沙星对昆明系小鼠的显性致死性。剂量分别为５００ｍｇ／ｋｇｂ．ｗ．、５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ ｂ．ｗ．和５ｍｇ／ｋｇｂ．ｗ．，雄鼠连续给药５ｄ后，与雌鼠按１：２的比例同笼交配，连续交配７批，对检测双氟沙星对遗传物质的损伤。试验各剂量组指标与阴性对照组无显著性差异，表明双氟沙星对昆明系小鼠的显性致死性为阴性。 相似文献
2.
本品小白鼠急性毒性试验，口服、肌注、腹注、静注ＬＤ５０分别为：♂＞１６５００、３８０．６２、２６５．０３、８２．１７ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｂ．ｗ；♀＞１６５２０、３７８．６１、２６３．５、８２．１７ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ｂ．ｗ。 相似文献
3.
克痢散以１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重，２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重，３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，体重３个一对初产猪进行黄痢预防试验，其中３００ｍｇ／ｋｇ体重剂量的有效率达１００％，明显优于硫酸庆大霉素等抗生素，且该药的预防费只有其他抗菌药物的１８．７５－４１．３６％。 相似文献
4.
二氢吡啶对蛋品质的影响及其机理研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
取３００ 日龄罗曼蛋鸡１ ５３６ 只，随机分为４ 组（ 每组设４ 个重复，每个重复９６ 只） ，在自由采食、饮水和光照１６ｈ 的条件下，分别饲喂添加０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ二氢吡啶的玉米—豆粕型饲粮１３ 周。结果发现：①饲粮中含１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ 、１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 或２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ的二氢吡啶， 能使蛋壳厚度分别增加１１ ．３３ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 、１６ ．８５％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） 和２０．１７ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．００１） ；②饲粮中含１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ 或２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ 的二氢吡啶，能使蛋比重和蛋壳相对重分别增加０ ．４４％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 、０ ．５３ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０５） 和５ ．６６％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 、６ ．９７ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０５） ，血清钙含量分别提高了１６．９０ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 和１８ ．３３％ （Ｐ＜ ０．０５） ，而血清甲状旁腺素水平则分别下降了１８．０４ ％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 和２０．００％ （Ｐ＜ ０ ．０５） 。 相似文献
5.
生长肥育猪饲粮中添加甜菜碱的效果研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
１５０头杜长大中猪随机分为５组进行了甜菜碱饲喂效果试验，结果表明：①盐酸甜菜碱可明显促进肥育猪生长，当添加量为１０００、１２５０、１５００、１７５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ时，日增重分别比对照组提高３．５０％，５．６５％，７．７１％（Ｐ〈０．０５）和１３．３２％（Ｐ〈０．０１）；②添加盐酸甜菜碱１０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ时可提高体瘦肉率５．７１％（Ｐ〈０．０１）。 相似文献
6.
Xylazine+DHE合剂对大鼠的ED_(50)值测定及剂量确定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以翻正反射消失和痛阈增加３０％为指标，应用序贯法测定ｘｙｌａｚｉｎｅ＋ＤＨＥ合剂腹腔给药对大鼠的麻醉半数有效量（ａｎｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃＥＤ５０）和镇痛半数有效量（ａｎａｌｇｅｓｉｃＥＤ５０）；在此基础上，确定给药剂量并检验给药剂量是否合理。结果表明，ｘｙｌａｚｉｎｅ＋ＤＨＥ合剂对大鼠的麻醉ＥＤ５０为８．３６４ｍｇ／ｋｇ，镇痛ＥＤ５０为７．８０２ｍｇ／ｋｇ；确定麻醉剂量为１５．００ｍｇ／ｋｇ，镇痛剂量为１０．０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。进一步的麻醉和镇痛实验显示，麻醉剂量使９３．３％大鼠的翻正反射消失，镇痛剂量使大鼠的摆尾阈值增加幅度在４０％～６０％，且维持时间在６０ｍｉｎ左右，表明这两个剂量完全符合实验要求。 相似文献
7.
Xylazine＋DDHE合剂对大鼠的ED50值测定及剂量确定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以翻正反射消失和痛阈增加３０％为指标,应用序贯法测定ｘｙｌａｚｉｎｅ＋ＤＨＥ合剂腹腔给药对大鼠的麻醉半数有效量和镇衮地数有效量;在此基础上,确定给药剂量并检验给药剂量是否合理。结果表明,ｘｙｌａｚｉｎｅ＋ＤＨＥ合剂对大鼠的麻醉ＥＤ５０为８．３６４ｍｇ／ｋｇ,镇痛ＥＤ５０为７．８０２ｍｇ／ｋｇ;确定麻醉剂量为１５．００ｍｇ／ｋｇ,镇痛剂量为１０．０００ｍｇ／ｋｇ。进一步的麻醉和镇痛实验显示,麻醉剂量 相似文献
8.
分别以盐酸二甲苯胺噻嗪和硫酸铜作为中枢性催吐剂和外周性催吐剂，以成年土种犬为靶动物，探讨了止吐灵的止吐效果。试验结果表明，止吐灵注射液以０．３ｍｇ／ｋｇ肌肉注射可抑制盐酸二甲苯胺噻嗪引起的犬呕吐，以０．２ｍｇ／ｍｌ剂量肌肉注射可抑制硫酸铜引起的犬呕吐。 相似文献
9.
10.
日粮添加肉碱对早期新奶仔猪日粮养分消化率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
２１日龄平均体重为５．８５ｋｇ的断奶仔猪６４头,按随机区组设计分４组,肉碱添加水平分别为：０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ、１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ和１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ。试验结果表明：添加肉碱不影响仔猪的平均日增重（ＡＤＧ）和饲料转化效率（ＦＣＲ）,但添加１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ肉碱可显著提高早期断阴仔猪的平均日采食量（ＡＤＦＩ）;各组干物质、粗灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、钙和磷消化率不受肉碱影响,添加１５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ肉碱可使断奶后０ｄ￣１４ｄ的仔猪对粗脂肪的消化率比添加５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ肉碱组显著降低１４．６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,添加１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ肉碱可使断奶后１５ｄ￣２８ｄ的仔猪对氨基酸的消化率比对照组显著提高３．５％￣３．８％（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：日糖添加１００ｍｇ／ｋｇ肉碱可以显著促进２１日龄断奶仔猪采食和极显著提高断奶后１５ｄ￣１ 相似文献
11.
碘醚柳胺对大鼠胚胎毒性和致畸性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以23．0,51.8,116.4mg/kg碘醚柳胺在Wistar大鼠妊娠后7－15d口服，各剂量组吸收胎和死胎率增加，活胎率减少，但对胎鼠外观，骨骼和内脏无致畸性，高剂量组对胎鼠生长发育和孕体重增长有明显的负影响，表明碘西边柳胺对大鼠有胚胎毒性，无致畸作用，提出，在临床上怀孕动物应慎用。 相似文献
12.
The pharmacokinetics after oral application of the fluoroquinolones (FQs), enrofloxacin, difloxacin, marbofloxacin and orbifloxacin were compared in independent crossover studies in Beagle dogs. Commercially available tablet formulations were given at common dosage recommended by the manufacturers which were 2.0 mg/kg body weight (bw) for marbofloxacin, 2.5 mg/kg bw for orbifloxacin and 5.0 mg/kg bw for enrofloxacin and difloxacin. Analysis was performed by an agar diffusion assay. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by noncompartmental methods. All FQs were rapidly absorbed and achieved average peak serum concentrations of 1.41, 1.11, 1.47 and 1.37 mug/mL for enrofloxacin, difloxacin, marbofloxacin and orbifloxacin, respectively. Enrofloxacin was eliminated at a terminal half-life (t(1/2)) of 4.1 h, difloxacin at 6.9 h, orbifloxacin at 7.1 h and marbofloxacin at 9.1 h. While the area under the serum concentration-time curve of the 24-h dosing interval (AUC0--24) for marbofloxacin and orbifloxacin were similar (approximately 13 microg x h/mL), enrofloxacin attained an AUC(0-24) of 8.7 and difloxacin of 9.3 microg x h/mL. Because of its favourable pharmacokinetics combined with excellent in vitro activity, enrofloxacin exhibited superior pharmacodynamic predictors of in vivo antimicrobial activity as C(max)/MIC (maximum serum concentration/minimum inhibitory concentration) and AUC(0-24)/MIC (area under the 24-h serum concentration--time curve/minimum inhibitory concentration) compared with other FQs. 相似文献
13.
二氟沙星对实验性感染猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的药效学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以试管两倍稀释法测得二氟沙星对猪肺炎支原体（ Ｆ１６ 株）和兰氏 Ｃ 群类马链球菌（ Ｃ５５ １ ２０ ）的最小抑菌浓度分别是０１６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ及 １６ｍ ｇ／ Ｌ。肌注给药对猪支原体性肺炎及链球菌病的实验性治疗结果表明,低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组（２５、５、１０ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ５ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪支原体性肺炎的治愈率分别是 ８０％ 、９０％ 、１００％ 及９０％ ;而支原体感染对照组的自愈率为１０％ 。低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组及蒽诺沙星组（２５ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ）用药 ４ 天（每隔 １２ 小时给药一次）对猪链球菌病的治愈率分别是 ５０％ 、８０％ 、８０％ 及 ８０％ ,而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为 ５０％ 。 相似文献
14.
二氟沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及支原体性肺炎的药效学研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本文报道国内新近研制的畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物－二氟沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及支原体性肺炎的药效学研究。以试管两倍稀释法测得二氟沙星对兰氏C群类马链球菌（C55120）和猪肺炎支原体（F16株）的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别是1．6级及0．16mg/L。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和支原体性肺炎的实验性治疗结果表明，低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组（2．5、5、10mg/kg)及恩诺沙星组（2．5mg/kg)用药5d（每隔12h给药1次）对猪链球菌病的治愈分别是40％、70％、80％及70％，而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为70％；低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组及恩诺沙星组（2．5mg/kg)用药5d（每隔12h给药1次）对猪支原体性肺炎的治愈率分别是80％、90％、90％及80％；而支原体感染对照组的自愈率为10％。 相似文献
15.
The disposition kinetics of difloxacin, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic, after intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM) and subcutaneous (SC) administration were determined in sheep at a single dose of 5mg/kg. The concentration-time data were analysed by compartmental (after IV dose) and non-compartmental pharmacokinetics method (after IV, IM and SC administration). Plasma concentrations of difloxacin were determined by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Steady-state volume of distribution (V(ss)) and clearance (Cl) of difloxacin after IV administration were 1.68+/-0.21L/kg and 0.21+/-0.03L/hkg, respectively. Following IM and SC administration difloxacin achieved maximum plasma concentration of 1.89+/-0.55 and 1.39+/-0.14mg/L at 2.42+/-1.28 and 5.33+/-1.03h, respectively. The absolute bioavailabilities after IM and SC routes were 99.92+/-26.50 and 82.35+/-25.65%, respectively. Based on these kinetic parameters, difloxacin is likely to be effective in sheep. 相似文献
16.
Levamisole hydrochloride was an efficient microfilaricide when used in dogs at a dosage of 10 mg/kg twice daily for 14 days. Increasing the dose rate every 3 days to 10 mg/kg twice daily and maintaining it at 10 mg/kg twice daily for a further 8 days, was also effective but a dosage of 5 mg/kg twice daily for 21 days was less effective and a dose rate of 20 mg/kg was efficient, but toxic. 相似文献
17.
Atef M el-Banna HA Abd El-Aty AM Goudah A 《DTW. Deutsche tier?rztliche Wochenschrift》2002,109(7):320-323
The pharmacokinetic properties of difloxacin following intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration in goats were investigated. Difloxacin was administered in a single dose of 5 mg/kg body weight for both routes and was assayed in biological fluids (serum and urine) to determine its concentrations, kinetic behaviour and systemic availability. Following a single i.v. injection, the serum difloxacin level was best approximated to follow a two-compartment open model using weighted non-linear regression analysis. The elimination half-life (t1/2 beta) was 6.3 +/- 0.11 h. The volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) was 1.1 +/- 0.012 L/kg and the total body clearance (Cltot) was 0.13 +/- 0.001 L/kg/h. Following a single i.m. administration, difloxacin was rapidly absorbed and the mean peak serum concentration (4.1 +/- 0.23 micrograms/ml) was achieved 1 h post administration. The extent of serum protein binding of difloxacin in goats was 13.79 +/- 1.02% and the systemic availability was 95.4 +/- 1.17%. Following i.m. injection of difloxacin at a dose rate of 5 mg/kg b.wt for 5 consecutive days, the drug could not be detected in serum and urine at 4th day from the last injection. 相似文献
18.
Asano M Tsubota T Komatsu T Katayama A Okano T Nakamura S 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2007,69(4):433-435
The effect of anesthetizing with a 1:1 combination of tiletamine hydrochloride and zolazepam hydrochloride (TZ) was evaluated in 75 Japanese black bears. TZ was administered to 43 captive and 11 wild, 8 captives and 13 hibernating captive bears at the doses of approximately 9.0 mg/kg (usual dosage), 18.0 mg/kg (high dosage) and 5.0 mg/kg (low dosage), respectively. Sufficient anesthetic effects were achieved in all bears, and rectal temperatures, heart rates and respiratory rates did not change significantly during an hour handling. Complete blood cell examinations showed no abnormal data. A combination of TZ would be an efficient and safe drug for chemical immobilization of Japanese black bears. 相似文献
19.
Fernández-Varón E Cárceles CM Marín P Martos N Escudero E Ayala I 《American journal of veterinary research》2006,67(6):1076-1081
OBJECTIVE: To study the pharmacokinetics of difloxacin (5 mg/kg) following IV, IM, and intragastric (IG) administration to healthy horses. ANIMALS: 6 healthy mature horses. PROCEDURES: A crossover study design with 3 phases was used (15-day washout periods between treatments). An injectable formulation of difloxacin (5%) was administered IV and IM in single doses (5 mg/kg); for IG administration, an oral solution was prepared and administered via nasogastric tube. Blood samples were collected before and at intervals after each administration. A high-performance liquid chromatography assay with fluorescence detection was used to determine plasma difloxacin concentrations. Pharmacokinetic parameters of difloxacin were analyzed. Plasma creatine kinase activity was monitored to assess tissue damage. RESULTS: Difloxacin plasma concentration versus time data after IV administration were best described by a 2-compartment open model. The disposition of difloxacin following IM or IG administration was best described by a 1-compartment model. Mean half-life for difloxacin administered IV, IM, and IG was 2.66, 5.72, and 10.75 hours, respectively. Clearance after IV administration was 0.28 L/kg.h. After IM administration, the absolute mean +/- SD bioavailability was 95.81 +/- 3.11% and maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) was 1.48 +/- 0.12 mg/L. After IG administration, the absolute bioavailability was 68.62 +/- 10.60% and Cmax was 0.732 +/- 0.05 mg/L. At 12 hours after IM administration, plasma creatine kinase activity had increased 7-fold, compared with the preinjection value. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Data suggest that difloxacin is likely to be effective for treating susceptible bacterial infections in horses. 相似文献
20.
Disposition kinetics and pharmacokinetics--pharmacodynamic integration of difloxacin against Staphylococcus aureus isolates from rabbits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fernández-varón E Cárceles CM Marín P Vancraeynest D Montes A Sotillo J García-Martínez JD 《Research in veterinary science》2008,84(1):90-94
The pharmacokinetics of difloxacin were studied following intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC) and oral administration of 5mg/kg to healthy white New Zealand rabbits (n = 6). Difloxacin concentrations were determined by HPLC assay with fluorescence detection. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) assay of difloxacin against different strains of S. aureus from different european countries was performed in order to compute the main pharmacodynamic surrogate markers. The plasma difloxacin clearance (Cl) for the IV route was (mean +/- SD) 0.41 +/- 0.05 L/h kg. The steady-state volume of distribution (V(ss)) was 1.95 +/- 0.17 L/kg. The terminal half-life [Formula: see text] was (mean+/-SD) 4.19+/-0.34 h, 7.53 +/- 1.32 h and 8.00 +/- 0.45 h after IV, IM and oral, respectively. From this data, it seems that a 5 mg/kg dose difloxacin would be effective by SC and oral routes in rabbits against bacterial isolates with MIC0.1 microg/mL. 相似文献