共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 829 毫秒
1.
不同土壤的还原状况对铁镉形态转化和水稻吸收的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用土壤-蛭石联合培养,以填充蛭石的网袋模拟根际,置于红壤、水稻土、盐土中后淹水栽培水稻13 d.试验结果表明,水稻栽培期问,红壤、水稻土、盐土pH变化范围分别为6.05 ～6.78、6.47 ～7.33、6.42 ～7.44;有机质处理下,除红壤根际pH明显升高外,其余土壤根际和非根际pH均有所下降.各土壤对照根际Eh保持在233 ～ 385 mV;有机质处理使根际Eh下降,同时也导致除盐土外的非根际Eh上升.土壤还原溶解Fe与蛭石吸附Fe的90％以上均米自铁锰氧化物结合态铁(Oxide-Fe)组分,与溶液Eh、pe+ pH均有显著相关性,表明两表面同为Fe的氧化还原反应,但方向相反.水稻根表Fe膜的形成与根际氧化还原状况有关,在对照根际(高Eh)环境下,根表Fe含量随pH升高而降低,在有机质处理根际(低Eh)环境下则随pH升高而升高;在红壤中,根表Fe膜阻碍Fe的吸收,在水稻土和盐土中,根表Fe膜促进Fe吸收.根表Cd含量与根内Cd、地上部Cd有显著正相关;在红壤中,根表Fe膜阻碍了水稻Cd的吸附和吸收;水稻土和盐土中,根表Fe膜促进了水稻Cd的吸附和吸收. 相似文献
2.
酸性根际肥对石灰性土壤pH和铁有效性的影响研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：3
在无植物栽培的条件下通过肥料在土壤中的扩散试验研究酸性根际肥对石灰性土壤 pH值、有效铁含量的影响 ,利用盆栽试验验证对石灰性土壤上花生缺铁失绿黄化症的矫正效果。结果表明 ,酸性根际肥 (pH 1.0～ 2 .0 )中的酸在土壤中扩散的影响半径可达 6cm ,但对土壤pH降低作用最显著的是在距肥料 2cm内 ;在施肥 2 8d内 ,距肥料 2cm处 ,土壤 pH值降低了 0 .9个单位 ,土壤铁有效性 (DTPA浸提量 )增加了 5 .9mg kg ;施用酸性根际肥可使花生叶绿素SPAD值与叶片活性铁含量显著提高 ,克服了花生缺铁黄化症状 ,使施肥区 (肥料周围 2cm内 )土壤pH值显著降低 ,并显著提高了该区土壤铁的有效性和花生对土壤Fe的吸收量。 相似文献
3.
了解不同间作年限对五指毛桃根际土壤及其根中、微量元素含量的影响,并评价了根际土壤中、微量元素丰缺状况,以期为五指毛桃间作施肥和采收提供技术支持。采用原子吸收分光光度法测定成龄胶园不同间作年限五指毛桃根际土壤及其根中、微量元素含量。研究结果表明:随着五指毛桃间作年限的增加,五指毛桃根际土壤交换性钙、有效锰、有效锌含量的平均值均呈现出先显著增加后显著降低的趋势;交换性镁呈现出先显著增加后缓慢增加,有效铁则呈先缓慢增加后显著增加的趋势;而有效铜呈现出先缓慢降低后显著降低的趋势。2年生根中钙、镁、锰含量,1、2年生根铁、铜含量和4年生根锌含量相对较高。研究结果揭示:在成龄胶园间作五指毛桃整个生育期内都应当适量施放钙、镁肥和适当喷施铜、锌等微量元素叶面肥。综合根的中、微量元素含量方面考虑,并结合生产年限与成本,在生产上采收2年生五指毛桃根性价比最高。该研究能为五指毛桃间作合理施肥和适时采收提供理论依据。 相似文献
4.
为了解在成龄胶园间作的五指毛桃根际与非根际土壤及其根中主要中、微量元素含量情况，测定了实验区根际与非根际土壤各30个和对应五指毛桃根的钙、镁、铁、锰、铜和锌含量，分析了两者之间的关系，并评价了根际与非根际土壤中、微量元素丰缺状况。结果表明，非根际土壤钙、镁、铁、锰含量的平均值都高于根际土壤的，而铜、锌含量的平均值都低于根际土壤的。土壤钙、镁含量80%以上处于缺水平，而铁、锰含量处于丰或很丰水平，铜和锌含量处于适中水平。五指毛桃根际与非根际土壤中、微量元素存在空间上的广泛变异。五指毛桃根中、微量元素的平均值从大到小的排序是钙>镁>锰>铁>锌>铜。土壤中、微量元素与五指毛桃根中相对应的中、微量元素的相关性不强，且表现复杂。本研究结果揭示，在成龄胶园间作五指毛桃应当适量施用钙肥、镁肥和喷施一些铜元素叶面肥，并实行科学施肥，减少养分淋失。 相似文献
5.
养殖废水灌溉下施用生物质炭和果胶对土壤养分和重金属迁移的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
6.
微生物肥料在不同节肥水平下对烟草根际微生物碳代谢指纹的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《核农学报》2017,(10)
为了探究微生物肥料在节肥条件下对烟草根际微生物功能多样性的影响,应用Biolog-ECO技术,研究了金农肥中肥和德根贝在0%、10%、20%、30%节肥水平下烟草根际微生物碳代谢特征。结果表明,金农肥中肥和德根贝的根际微生物,对4类碳源的利用能力均随节肥量的增加而下降;主成分分析表明,在节肥水平下,金农肥中肥和德根贝的根际微生物对碳源的利用方式不同,金农肥中肥偏好代谢中间产物及次生代谢物,而德根贝偏好糖类、脂肪酸和脂类;金农肥中肥和德根贝的根际微生物群落的丰富度、均匀度、优势度在各节肥水平下均显著高于全量施肥(P0.05);从减少化肥施用量对根际微生物碳源代谢能力、碳源利用多样性的影响来看,金农肥中肥和德根贝的节肥比例均以不高于20%为宜,且德根贝表现更优。本研究结果为烟草生产上微生物肥料和节肥能力的选择提供了理论依据。 相似文献
7.
水稻土肥际微域铵对钾形态转化与迁移的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过室内土柱培养试验,研究了水稻土肥际微域铵对钾形态转化与迁移的影响。结果表明,钾自肥际向非肥际的扩散距离随钾肥用量增加而增加,施同等铵态氮条件下,施钾量增加2.4倍,导致肥际钾含量最高区域水溶态钾含量提高了2.1倍,交换态钾和非交换态钾则分别提高了1.7和 0.3倍,而钾的迁移距离提高了16.4%（12 mm）,说明肥际钾的固定能力有限,钾肥量增加导致更多的钾以有效性较高的形态存在。同等钾量条件下,施用铵态氮肥显著提高了水稻土肥际钾含量最高区域水溶态钾含量,使钾的迁移距离较未施铵时增加了23.2%（16 mm）;铵钾共施还显著提高了肥际到普通土壤过渡区域中交换态钾含量,降低了所有土样中的非交换态钾含量。铵钾共施显著抑制了肥际微域中肥料钾向非交换态的转化,这种抑制作用随距肥际距离的增加而减弱。利用不同回归方程拟合由肥际到非肥际钾的分布曲线,无论是水溶态钾还是交换态钾,反S型曲线 y = a / [1 + b exp (c×x)] 可以很好地拟合由肥际到非肥际K+ 的分布。 相似文献
8.
化肥减量配施生物有机肥对油菜生长及土壤微生物和酶活性影响 总被引：22，自引：7，他引：22
通过盆栽试验,研究化肥减量10%~30%条件下,配施与所减化肥相同用量的2种生物有机肥对油菜生理代谢、产量、土壤生物学特性和养分含量的影响,系统的阐述了生物有机肥应用于蔬菜生产的优势所在。结果表明:减量化肥配施生物有机肥可促进油菜生长,提高油菜叶片内叶绿素含量和根系活力,同时增强了油菜叶片和根系内抗氧化酶(SOD、POD、CAT)活性,降低了过氧化物质含量(MDA、O·-2),进而提高了油菜的光合性能和抗氧化能力,与常规施肥(100%化肥)相比,产量提高了4.60%~24.55%,根际土壤细菌和放线菌数分别显著提高了111.26%~210.76%和12.49%~34.09%,而真菌数显著降低了20.37%~39.68%,同时提高了根际土壤中性磷酸酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化氢酶活性,而降低了土壤脲酶和脱氢酶活性,最终提高了根际土壤中有效养分和有机质含量。以上结果表明,减量化肥配施生物有机肥可通过改善根际土壤微生物群落的数量和结构来改变土壤酶活性和有效养分含量,优化根际环境的同时提高根系活力,增强植物抗逆性和光合能力,最终实现养地增产的效果。 相似文献
9.
《农业环境与发展》2021,(4)
为探索外源喷施硒肥对川党参生长和营养品质的影响及其可能作用机制,采用大田试验,设置0、25、50、100、200 g·hm~(-2)和400 g·hm~(-2)硒肥(以硒元素计)六个处理,观察不同硒肥处理下川党参根茎形态、产量、品质、硒形态和部分根际土壤养分的变化。结果表明,在一定浓度范围内,施用外源硒可增加川党参茎粗、产量、多糖和炔苷含量,其中200 g·hm~(-2)硒肥处理效果最佳,与对照处理相比差异显著。川党参中的硒主要以有机硒形态存在,有机硒占比超过70%,且有机硒比例随着喷硒浓度的升高呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,并在硒肥喷施200 g·hm~(-2)时达到最大,为83.6%。外源喷施25～400 g·hm~(-2)硒肥对川党参生长总体表现为促进作用,但促进效果随着喷施硒肥浓度的增加呈先增强后减弱的趋势。不同硒肥处理下川党参根际土壤养分存在差异,其中100 g·hm~(-2)和200 g·hm~(-2)硒肥处理显著增加了川党参根际土壤碱解氮和速效钾含量。相关性分析和冗余分析表明,改变根际土壤养分含量可能是外源硒影响川党参生长的重要因素之一。综上表明,川党参是硒生物强化的良好材料,在川党参蕾期和花期喷施适量硒肥可提高其产量及多糖、炔苷和硒含量,从而达到生产富硒川党参和提产增质的目的,且以喷施100～200 g·hm~(-2)硒肥效果最佳。 相似文献
10.
外源胡敏酸对土壤有机质组分变化的影响及其与茶树铅有效性的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
盆栽试验分析了胡敏酸输入土壤6个月后茶树根际和非根际土壤有机质SOM及其组分,包括水溶性物质WSS、富啡酸FA、胡敏酸HA以及土壤微生物生物量SMB的变化,并对不同土壤有机质组分碳含量和茶树不同组织铅含量作了相关性分析。外源胡敏酸设置3个浓度水平（0、300、600 mg kg-1）,铅设置2个浓度水平（0、300 mg kg-1）,试验共有6个处理。茶苗置于温室培养,6个月后分新叶、老叶、新茎、老茎、根收获。结果表明：根际并非总是富含有机质,未加铅处理根际SOM含量低于非根际;而加铅处理根际SOM含量高于非根际。HA加入土壤能够显著增加根际和非根际SOM和SMB的含量,但是加铅处理和不加铅处理增加幅度不同。高浓度HA显著增加了根际FA的含量,可能是HA部分裂解所致。非根际有机质各组分与茶树铅含量无显著相关关系;根际SOM、HA和茶树不同组织铅含量没有显著相关关系。根际WSS、FA与茶树嫩叶、老叶、嫩茎、老茎以及根部铅含量均存在显著或极显著正相关关系;而根际SMB与茶树各个组织铅含量存在显著负相关关系。总之,胡敏酸施入土壤改变了土壤有机质及其各个组分的含量,而根际某些土壤有机质组分的改变又显著影响了茶树不同组织铅的吸收和分布。 相似文献
11.
The interaction between the roots of Zea mays L. and its rhizosphere microflora was studied in nutrient solution with respect to two exemplary aspects - water soluble vitamins and the four most frequent carbohydrates. The exudation of vitamins and sugars into the medium is increased in a solid substrate (glass-ballotini simulating soil structure) in comparison with nutrient solution only. The amounts of vitamins released (1 to 421 ng per plant) are high enough for a pronounced influence on the rhizosphere microflora to be expected. However, the microbial population feeding on the exudates has very simple nutritional demands. In spite of appreciable amounts of vitamins found in the inoculated nutrient solution, the growth of vitamin requiring species is not stimulated compared to the soil population. The roots are mostly inhabited by shorter rods and occasionally by actinomycete-like filaments. The percentage of the root area covered by its microflora, assuming a monolayer, is 4% in the root region where root hairs are just emerging, 7% in the root hair zone and 20% in the oldest part of the roots, 10 mm below the grain. In the presence of rhizosphere microorganisms, root dry weight is lower than that of axenically grown plants because the diameter of the primary root is diminished. In addition, the vitamin and sugar content of the root is affected by rhizosphere microorganisms. The results can be interpreted as an indication that phytohormones may participate in interactions between roots and bacteria. 相似文献
12.
13.
Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) exhibits a high efficiency in the utilization of sparingly‐soluble phosphates. A greenhouse experiment was designed to investigate the growth response of radish to different phosphorus (P) sources and the nutrient status of the rhizosphere associated with radish growth and nutrient absorption. Radish plants were grown in pots with the roots confined in rhizobags, in such a manner that the concentration of roots was very high within the rhizobag. The rhizosphere soils and non‐rhizosphere soils were analyzed separately for active silicon (Si), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) using Tamm's solution and for “available”; P using the Bray P1 extraction reagent. The radish growth response was mostly attributable to phosphate amount and availability, and the lime level used in the experiment. Concentrations of active Fe, Si, Al, and Mn were reduced in the rhizosphere, especially when lime and rock phosphate (Ps) were added. Available soil P was accumulated in the rhizosphere under lime and Ps addition, whereas its concentration was reduced with the zero lime treatment. Phosphorus utilization, characterized by P accumulation in shoots, was in accordance with the concentration pattern for “available”; P in the rhizosphere, but not with the growth response of radish itself. The calcium (Ca) concentration of the shoot followed the same trend as the radish growth. There was an antagonism between potassium (K) and Ca absorption as well as between Ca and magnesium (Mg) absorption. With the addition of P, shoot Mn concentration increased, while shoot Fe and Al concentrations increased with no lime addition but decreased with lime addition. The high P efficiency of radish is discussed from the view of rhizosphere chemistry. The high Mn efficiency of radish may be influenced by the same rhizosphere processes that are involved in its high P efficiency. It was concluded that rhizosphere processes and the status of nutrients determined the nutrient efficiency of radish and thus influenced its growth response and nutrient uptake. 相似文献
14.
断根和施肥对杨树人工林根际土壤肥力及生物学特性的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用田间小区试验研究了不同的断根和施肥措施对I-107杨树人工林根际养分、微生物数量及酶活性的影响。结果表明:相同处理的杨树林地根际土壤pH均低于非根际土壤,而有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效铜和有效锌的含量均高于非根际土壤;与其它处理相比,断根施肥处理的根际土和非根际土壤速效养分含量最高,差异达显著水平;与对照相比,断根施肥处理显著提高了林地土壤的脲酶、转化酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶活性,而施肥未断根处理少量增加了此5种土壤酶活性,断根未施肥处理则降低了土壤酶的活性。各处理林地土壤微生物数量大小次序为:断根施肥>施肥未断根>断根未施肥>对照。由此可得出,施肥和断根措施相结合可有效改善根系土壤环境,提高林地土壤肥力。 相似文献
15.
Root-induced changes in the rhizosphere may affect mineral nutrition of plants in various ways. Examples for this are changes in rhizosphere pH in response to the source of nitrogen (NH4-N versus NO3-N), and iron and phosphorus deficiency. These pH changes can readily be demonstrated by infiltration of the soil with agar containing a pH indicator. The rhizosphere pH may be as much as 2 units higher or lower than the pH of the bulk soil. Also along the roots distinct differences in rhizosphere pH exist. In response to iron deficiency most plant species in their apical root zones increase the rate of H+ net excretion (acidification), the reducing capacity, the rate of FeIII reduction and iron uptake. Also manganese reduction and uptake is increased several-fold, leading to high manganese concentrations in iron deficient plants. Low-molecular-weight root exudates may enhance mobilization of mineral nutrients in the rhizosphere. In response to iron deficiency, roots of grass species release non-proteinogenic amino acids (?phytosiderophores”?) which dissolve inorganic iron compounds by chelation of FeIII and also mediate the plasma membrane transport of this chelated iron into the roots. A particular mechanism of mobilization of phosphorus in the rhizosphere exists in white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). In this species, phosphorus deficiency induces the formation of so-called proteoid roots. In these root zones sparingly soluble iron and aluminium phosphates are mobilized by the exudation of chelating substances (probably citrate), net excretion of H+ and increase in the reducing capacity. In mixed culture with white lupin, phosphorus uptake per unit root length of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants from a soil low in available P is increased, indicating that wheat can take up phosphorus mobilized in the proteoid root zones of lupin. At the rhizoplane and in the root (root homogenates) of several plant species grown in different soils, of the total number of bacteria less than 1 % are N2-fixing (diazotrophe) bacteria, mainly Enterobacter and Klebsiella. The proportion of the diazotroph bacteria is higher in the rhizosphere soil. This discrimination of diazotroph bacteria in the rhizosphere is increased with foliar application of combined nitrogen. Inoculation with the diazotroph bacteria Azospirillum increases root length and enhances formation of lateral roots and root hairs similarly as does application of auxin (IAA). Thus rhizosphere bacteria such as Azospirillum may affect mineral nutrition and plant growth indirectly rather than by supply of nitrogen. 相似文献
16.
水稻根际氮素状况及其利用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with hybrid rice(Oryza Sativa L.) in order to study N Status and utilization in the rhizosphere of rice,The experiment was composed of three treatments:without N,15NH4-N and 15NO3-N .Plant roots were separated from the soil by a nylon cloth,and 1 mm increments of soil,moving laterally away from the roots,were taken and analyzed for various N froms.The labelled N in the plants ranged from 67\51%to 69.24% of the total amount of N absorbed by the rice seedlings with the labelled fertilizer N treatments.This shows that the N in the Plants came mainly from the fertilizers.However,the N absorbed by the rice seedlings accounted for less than 35% of the total amount of the N depletion in the soil near the rice roots,indicating an important N loss in the rhizosphere of rice.The soil redox potential(all treatments)and the concentration of the labelled NO3-N(the labelled NH4-N treatment only) decreased as the distance from the rice roots increased in the rhizosphere of rice.In contrast,the concentration of the labelled NH4-N increased as the distance uincreased in the same soil zone.These results suggested that nifrification occurred in the soil around the rice roots.Therefore,the reason for the N loss in the rhizosphere of rice might be the NO3 movement into the reductive non-rhizosphere soil(submerged) where denitrification can take place. 相似文献
17.
Using a nutrient solution with nitrate-nitrogen, a strong interaction between iron and phosphorus uptake in water culture was observed. Iron chlorosis could be prevented only by a very high supply of iron-III-hydroxide or a very low supply of phosphorus, both of which resulted in a normal chlorophyll content but produced plants deficient in phosphorus. However when iron and phosphorus were supplied to separate root zones (split-root technique), iron-III-hydroxide was a satisfactory source of iron for corn plants even in water culture. In contrast to corn plants grown in water culture, plants in sand culture (quartz sand) with the same nutrient solution utilized iron-III-hydroxide just as well as iron chelate, even when high phosphorus concentrations were simultaneously present. Using 59Fe and circulating the nutrient solution through the sand culture, it could be demonstrated that the mobilization of iron from iron-III-hydroxide is restricted to the root-sand (iron-III-hydroxide) interface (rhizosphere) without increasing the amount of soluble iron in the bulk substrate. The depletion of phosphorus around the roots in sand seems to be particularly responsible for this “substrate effect” in the utilization of iron-III-hydroxide. The uptake of phosphorus and iron in sequence along a root growing in a solid substrate could be important in the iron nutrition of “iron-inefficient” plant species such as corn growing in soils of high pH. 相似文献
18.
氮及相关的酶活性对小麦根际施肥的反应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In the present experiment,wheat seedlings(Trticucum aestivum L.)were grown on a purple soil with various fertilizer treatments in order to investigate the responses of nitrogen and related enzyme activities in the rhizosphere,The results revealed the increments of both organic matter and total N in the soil with the proximity to the growing roots,especially in treatment of supplying pig manure in combination with chemical fertilizer,suggesting that they could ome from root and microorganism exudation which could be intensified by inorganic-organic fertiliztion,being of benefit to improving the physical and bilogical envi-ronment in the rhizosphere of wheat.Much more inorganic N was observed in the fertilized soils surrounding wheat roots than in the CK treatment ,indicating ,the improvement of crop N supply in the rhizosphere of wheat by fertilization. The activities of invertase,urease and protease in the root zone were greatly enhanced as compared to those in the other parts of soil except that the urease activities were similar in the rhizospher and nonrhi-zosphere of the CK and pig manure treatments,indicating that invertase and protese could be produced by growing roots and rhizosphere microorganisms,in contrast to urease which could be stimulated by urea,Also,significant increment of chemical fertilizer combined with pig manure,suggested that fertilization not only accelerated the renewal of organic matter bu also enhanced bioavailability of organic N in that soil zone .This could be the reason why the total amount of inorganic N available for plants was increased more obviously in the rhizosphere of wheat of the fertilizaton treatments than in taht of the CK treatment. 相似文献
19.
Zhang Wenyuan Liu Shun Zhang Manyun Li Yinan Sheng Keyin Xu Zhihong 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2019,19(7):2913-2926
Purpose
Rhizosphere and fertilization might affect soil microbial activities, biomass, and community. This study aimed to evaluate the impacts of Phyllostachys edulis (moso bamboo) rhizospheres on soil nutrient contents and microbial properties in a moso bamboo forest with different fertilizer applications and to link soil microbial activities with abiotic and biotic factors.
Materials and methodsThe experiment included three treatments: (1) application of 45% slag fertilizer (45%-SF); (2) application of special compound fertilizer for bamboos (SCF); and (3) the control without any fertilizer application (CK). Simultaneously, bulk soils and 0.5, 2.5, 4.5, and 6.5-year-old (y) bamboo rhizosphere soils were selected. Soil nutrient contents were analyzed. Microbial activities were evaluated based on the activities of soil enzymes including β-glucosidase, urease, protease, phosphatase, and catalase. The total microbial biomass and community were assessed with the phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) method.
Results and discussionIn the CK and SCF treatments, organic matter contents of rhizosphere soils were significantly higher than those of bulk soils. Soil β-glucosidase, urease, protease, phosphatase, and catalase activities in rhizosphere soils were higher than those of bulk soils, with the sole exception of β-glucosidase of 0.5 y rhizosphere soil in the 45%-SF treatment. Compared with the CK treatment, fertilizer applications tended to increase soil total PLFAs contents and changed soil microbial community. Moso bamboo rhizospheres did not significantly increase the total microbial biomass. In the SCF treatment, the Shannon index of bulk soil was significantly lower than those of rhizosphere soils.
ConclusionsOur results suggested that both rhizospheres and fertilizer applications could change the soil microbial community structures and that moso bamboo rhizosphere could increase microbial activity rather than biomass in the forest soils with different fertilizer applications.
相似文献