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《林业实用技术》2017,(11)
为了比较不同类型的信息素诱剂对松墨天牛(Monochamus alternatus Hope)的诱捕效果,以APF-Ⅰ持久增强型诱芯和F1型诱剂2种相同类型不同来源的复合型诱剂、以及不同类型的FJ-Ma-02型植物源引诱剂为研究材料,在林间进行了诱杀松墨天牛试验。结果表明:APF-Ⅰ型诱芯的诱捕量为F1型和FJ-Ma-02型诱剂的2.18倍和7.62倍,F1型诱剂诱捕量为FJ-Ma-02型诱剂的3.50倍,3者之间差异显著;APF-Ⅰ型诱芯的周诱捕量一直高于各处理,并且高峰期后的诱集量一直维持较高的数量,这说明,APF-Ⅰ诱集效果最好且稳定,最能反映林间天牛的种群动态。因此认为,复合型诱剂显著优于植物源引诱剂,并且APF-Ⅰ型诱芯优于F1型诱剂,建议生产上能优先选用于松墨天牛监测与防治。 相似文献
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APF-Ⅰ型引诱剂监测松墨天牛种群动态试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国森林病虫》2016,(2)
在云南省昆明市云南松林和普洱市思茅松林中连续2 a使用APF-Ⅰ型引诱剂诱捕监测松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus成虫自然种群动态。结果表明:云南地区松墨天牛成虫种群数量主要集中在5—7月,APF-Ⅰ型引诱剂诱捕的雌虫数量显著多于雄虫,林间持效期虽可达30~45 d,但10 d后诱虫量开始减少。APF-Ⅰ型引诱剂可作为松墨天牛种群动态监测的主要技术手段。 相似文献
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《浙江林业科技》2018,(6)
2016年7月8日至9月7日,分别在杭州市富阳区洞桥镇和新登镇2个马尾松Pinus massoniana林样地,以F2型、APF-1持久型2种引诱剂为研究对象对松墨天牛Monochamusalternatus进行林间诱捕效果试验。结果表明,在洞桥样地,F2型引诱剂的周平均诱捕天牛量为101.78头,而APF-1持久型引诱剂为69.78头,F2型引诱剂的诱捕效果对比APF-1持久型引诱剂诱捕效果高出45.86%,差异性显著(P 0.05);在新登样地,F2型引诱剂的周平均诱捕天牛量为26.50头,而APF-1持久型引诱剂为20.88头,F2型引诱剂诱捕效果对比APF-1持久型引诱剂诱捕效果提高26.95%,差异性显著(P 0.05)。APF-1持久型引诱剂每30 d更换1次,而F2型引诱剂每45 d更换1次,使用F2型引诱剂可以节约更换诱芯的人工成本。因此,无论是在高效性和持效性上,F2型引诱剂都要优于APF-1持久型引诱剂,高效持久的引诱剂对于监测和防治松墨天牛种群,以及防控松材线虫病的传播蔓延都具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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松褐天牛缓释型引诱剂由引诱活性制剂和具强吸附力的缓释基质复合配制,其组分和配比为2种单萜烯∶ 乙醛∶ 丙酮∶ 乙醇∶ 微晶碳素∶ 膨润土=0.20∶ 0.06∶ 0.06∶ 0.08∶ 0.47∶ 0.13,引诱活性制剂和缓释基质质量分别占缓释型引诱剂总质量的40%和60%。缓释型引诱剂能控制活性成分释放速度,使引诱活性成分较平稳地持续发挥引诱效果。缓释型引诱剂引诱活性成分日均释放量为0.9 g,仅为原型引诱剂日均释放量的25.0%,可引诱以松褐天牛成虫为主的29种林木蛀干害虫,是一种广谱性的缓释型引诱剂。该引诱剂引诱松褐天牛成虫的引诱活性与原型引诱剂基本一致,其林间有效作用半径和诱获率分别为70 m和43.8%。缓释型引诱剂可准确监测松褐天牛等松林蛀干害虫成虫种群数量动态,有效诱杀松材线虫病的媒介昆虫和多种蛀干害虫。 相似文献
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[目的]明确APF-Ⅰ型诱剂样品(A)和F型诱剂样品(C)对松墨天牛的诱捕效果。[方法]以生产上使用的APF-Ⅰ持久增强型诱剂(B)和F1型诱剂(D)为对照,在林间进行了诱杀松墨天牛成虫试验。[结果]表明:诱剂A的平均诱虫量最高,分别为诱剂B、诱剂C和诱剂D的1.17倍、1.41倍和1.58倍,且显著高于诱剂C和诱剂D。在持效试验中,诱剂A平均诱虫量也高于其他3种诱剂。在161 d诱捕期内4种诱剂诱到的松墨天牛雌虫是雄虫的1.65 1.93倍,平均1.76倍。诱剂C也优于同类产品的诱剂D。[结论]诱剂A释放信息素均匀稳定,诱虫活性和持效作用强,最适合用于林间松墨天牛的测报及诱杀防治,因此建议在松材线虫病防治工作中优先选用。 相似文献
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松材线虫是我国重大林业有害生物,目前,其发生与危害的形势极为严峻。为了筛选对松材线虫媒介昆虫云杉花墨天牛诱捕效果好的引诱剂诱芯,开展了两种不同诱芯对云杉花墨天牛的诱捕效果试验。结果显示,ZL-1型墨天牛缓释袋式诱芯对云杉花墨天牛的诱捕效果明显好于APF-1型松墨天牛高效诱剂诱芯,前者的诱捕量是后者的1.5倍。利用ZL-1型墨天牛缓释袋式诱芯对云杉花墨天牛的发生期监测表明,成虫的扬飞开始时间为5月13日左右,5月26日为首个扬飞高峰,7月25日为第二个扬飞高峰,8月27日扬飞结束,成虫持续期为110 d。研究结果为利用ZL-1型墨天牛缓释袋式诱芯对辽宁省松材线虫疫区及我国北方非疫区的云杉花墨天牛进行种群监测和大量诱杀防治提供了技术支持。 相似文献
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[目的]通过对松材线虫的媒介松墨天牛的防控以达到控制松材线虫病的目的。[方法]通过查阅国内外相关文献,对松墨天牛成虫行为与化学生态学进行归纳总结。[结果]松墨天牛成虫活动范围较小,当食物短缺时会远距离迁飞。大部分成虫补充营养10 d后才开始交配,交配分为三个阶段:雌雄成虫共同受寄主植物挥发物吸引,雄虫通过短距离信息素吸引雌虫,再通过接触信息素识别雌虫。植物挥发物如α-蒎烯和乙醇等可以引起松墨天牛成虫的反应,樟子松墨天牛雄虫分泌的聚集信息素2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol能同时引诱雄虫和雌虫,使用植物挥发物与聚集信息素复配研制出的引诱剂如APF-I型引诱剂引诱松墨天牛时,效果比单独使用更加显著,是一种灵敏高效、环境友好、不易产生抗性的防治方法。视觉在松墨天牛活动中具备一定的指导作用,使其对褐色有较大的选择偏向性,当复眼被涂黑后交配成功率也相对下降。进行取食选择时,选择健康木优先于衰弱木,进行产卵选择时则相反。未交配松墨天牛对健康松枝挥发物的触角电位反应值比被害松枝挥发物的反应值大,交配后的松墨天牛触角电位反应与交配前相反。产卵后雌虫会在产卵孔分泌包含产卵忌避信息素的胶状物,防止其他雌虫在此处产卵。[结论]可以使用引诱剂防治松墨天牛,也可以应用天敌生物花绒寄甲、白僵菌和管氏肿腿蜂等防控松墨天牛。 相似文献
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报道了松墨天牛成虫活动期间,在马尾松-栎类次生混交林、马尾松-湿地松人工林和黄山松天然林3种不同林分中,应用M99-1引诱剂诱捕钻蛀性松甲虫种类、主要钻蛀性松甲虫成虫种群数量及其比率和不同诱捕期松墨天牛雌成虫孕卵量及其比率的情况.研究结果显示,M99-1引诱剂诱获鞘翅目害虫达26种,其中钻蛀性松甲虫达14种,占诱获种类的53.8%.马尾松角胫象、松墨天牛种群数量比率最高,分别达57.3%～69.8%和27.2%～29.3%.3种不同松林林分中,短角幽天牛、褐幽天牛、薄翅锯天牛等其它主要钻蛀性害虫的数量比率也较高.不同诱捕期松墨天牛雌成虫平均孕卵量及其比率,以活动前期(6月下旬前)为最高,分别达16.9粒和41.9%.M99-1引诱剂诱捕是监测松林钻蛀性松甲虫种群动态和降低其虫口密度的重要方法. 相似文献
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Our study focuses on predicting the ultimate short-term load carrying capacity of timber-to-timber connections with dowel-type fasteners. The wide range of possible configurations in practice makes the resolution of these values by tests unrealistic. Moreover, different current regulations do not consider some specific failure mechanisms. In many countries, the reduction of resistance involved by this phenomenon is taken into account by considering an effective number of dowels (nef) smaller than the actual number of dowels (n) in the connection. However, these different regulations disagree on the values of nef and on other points (spacing, partial coefficient of security, formulas). These discrepancies in design rules invite the fundamental research on this topic and, therefore, new methods are sought in order to estimate the load carrying capacities of the connections. In the light of these, our approach consists of predicting the load carrying capacity with the neural network numerical tool. The results obtained by this analysis tool are satisfactory, although the model remains complex. Subsequently, we focus on the simplification of this numerical model with classical regression techniques in order to implement it in a design code. 相似文献
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Pavela R 《Fitoterapia》2004,75(7-8):745-749
The methanol extracts of eight species of medicinal plants were tested for insecticidal activity in third instar larvae of Egyptian cottonworm (Spodoptera littoralis). All extracts showed a certain degree of larval toxicity. The extracts of Ocimum basilicum, Origanum majorana and Salvia officinalis appeared to be highly toxic. The extracts significantly affected the growth indexes [relative growth rate (RGR), efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI), efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD)]. 相似文献
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The objective of this case study was to test the effectiveness of biocontrol for the rehabilitation of abandoned, diseased
(moniliasis, witches' broom and black pod) cocoa and to develop testable hypotheses regarding the effect of shade and biocontrol
timing. Three trial fields differed in their shade regimes. Biocontrol was administered starting either at flowering or pod
filling. Disease incidence and yield were compared with cultural control alone. Biocontrol reduced moniliasis from 49% to
25%, independent of the shading regime and application time. Witches' broom was most severe without shade and unaffected by
biocontrol. No significant effects on black pod were observed. Although biocontrol increased percentage healthy fruit independent
of shading and timing, only the shaded plot with biocontrol from flowering onwards responded with increased yield. Our hypothesis
is: 'In the rehabilitation of abandoned cacao, only fields under sustainable shade management and early onset of biocontrol
can realise their production potential.'
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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Carvacrol is a component of numerous aromatic plants. Up to now, no toxicological data were available. Carvacrol show a weak activity in the mutagenicity studies. Moreover, in the metabolism study, carvacrol has shown to be excreted with urine after 24 h in large quantities or unchanged or as glucoronide and sulphate conjugates. The available data do not allow the assessment of the NOEL. Further toxicological studies are needed. 相似文献
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Trees and shrubs as sources of fodder in Australia 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
E. C. Lefroy P. R. Dann J. H. Wildin R. N. Wesley-Smith A. A. McGowan 《Agroforestry Systems》1992,20(1-2):117-139
Experience with browse plants in Australia is briefly reviewed in terms of their forage value to animals, their economic value to the landholder and their ecological contribution to landscape stability. Of the cultivated species only two have achieved any degree of commercial acceptance (Leucaena leucocephala and Chamaecytisus palmensis). Both of these are of sufficiently high forage value to be used as the sole source of feed during seasonal periods of nutritional shortage. Both are also leguminous shrubs that establish readily from seed. It is suggested that a limitation in their present use is the reliance on stands of single species which leaves these grazing systems vulnerable to disease and insects. Grazing systems so far developed for high production and persistence of cultivated species involve short periods of intense grazing followed by long periods of recovery. Similar management may be necessary in the arid and semi-arid rangelands where palatable browse species are in decline. 相似文献
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Samy RP 《Fitoterapia》2005,76(7-8):697-699
The results of a preliminary antimicrobial screening of the methanol extracts of Zingiber officinale, Asteracantha longifolia, Citrus acida, Salacia microsperma and Tinospora cordifolia are reported. 相似文献
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Adult fungus gnat and shore fly populations were monitored in four container nurseries near Victoria, British Columbia. In general, populations of both insects were larger in summer than in winter. Also, both insects were more abundant in the nursery with a plastic-covered, soil floor, which favored moisture accumulation and build up of algae, liverworts and mosses, than in nurseries with other types of floors such as cement. Results of fungus isolations revealed that gnats and flies both harbor the seedling pathogens Botrytis cinerea and species of Fusarium and Phoma, plus several non-pathogenic fungi. The results are discussed in relation to nursery sanitation practices, their effects on gnat and fly populations, and some possible roles of these insects in seedling disease epidemiology. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献