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以不同进化类型大豆为材料测算大豆花器性状的遗传变异系数和遗传力。结果表明,所有大豆花器性状的广义遗传力均较大,除柱头外露长度外,其他花器性状遗传变异系数相对均较小。大多数花器性状的平均长度表现出栽培大豆>半野生大豆>野生大豆,变异系数大多呈现出野生大豆>栽培大豆>半野生大豆。柱头长度的遗传变异系数在野生、半野生和栽培大豆间差异不大,但数值相对较大,选择潜力较大。花柱长度的遗传变异系数种间差异较大,在野生大豆中数值最大,说明野生类型具有更广泛的变异。来源地不同的材料在聚类分析中可以归为同一类群,表明地理上的差异对大豆花器性状的影响并不显著,而进化地位的不同对花器性状的影响较为显著。 相似文献
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大豆种子性状、幼苗性状及经济性状间的相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用22个种子性状差异较大的大豆品种,在测量种子百粒重、百粒容积和容重后,进行田间试验,测定各品种幼苗性状及经济性状的平均值,计算大豆种子性状、幼苗性状及经济性状的相关系数。结果表明:大豆种子粒重和容积与出苗率呈极显著负相关,与幼苗叶绿素含量和基茎粗呈极显著正相关,与幼苗根、茎、叶干物重呈显著或不显著的正相关,与后代百粒重和单株产量呈极显著正相关。幼苗叶绿素含量高的品种,单株分枝数和单株荚数多,百粒重和单株产量高。幼苗茎干重和根干重对单株分枝数和单株产量有显著影响,基茎粗与百粒重呈显著相关。选用大粒品种,既可培育壮苗,又可获得较高的单株产量。 相似文献
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荫蔽对大豆主要性状的影响及大豆耐荫性鉴定方法研究初报 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
模拟间套种的荫蔽条件，设置不同的遮光处理，研究荫蔽对大豆13个主要性状的影响。结果表明，结荚期株高、收获期株高、最低结荚高度、结荚期生物产量、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株产量和百粒重等8个性状发生显著变异，变异与荫蔽程度极显著相关，其中，前3者为正相关，其余5性状为负相关；结荚节位和主茎直径变异极显著，分枝数变异显著，但与荫蔽程度相关性不显著；主茎节数和单株瘪荚数变异不显著。选择受荫蔽影响显著且与荫蔽相关性显著的株高、最低结荚高度、结荚期生物产量、单株荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重和百粒重等7个性状为指标性状，以综合耐荫系数为指标，采用综合方法评定大豆种质的耐荫性，将耐荫性鉴定级别划分为五级。 相似文献
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黑龙江省大豆主栽品种主要性状灰色关联度分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为了寻求对黑龙江省三江平原地区大豆产量影响较大的主要农艺性状,从而为龙江地区大豆育种工作提供理论依据.应用灰色关联度分析方法,分析黑龙江省大豆品种主要性状对其产量的影响.结果表明:产量与主要性状的关联度大小依次为单株粒数＞单株荚数＞结荚层数＞有效分枝＞株高＞主茎节数＞百粒重＞单株粒重＞底荚高度,对黑龙江省大豆产量影响最大的是单株粒数,影响较大的是单株荚数、结荚层数,影响中等的是有效分枝＞株高＞主茎节数＞百粒重,影响较小的是单株粒重和底荚高度. 相似文献
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在与玉米套作条件下,对33份大豆材料的农艺及产量性状进行了研究。结果表明：套作大豆平均株高122.98cm,主茎节数较少,单个节间较长;分枝对于套作大豆产量形成极为重要,参试材料平均分枝数为5.05个,分枝粒重占单株粒重81.1%;相关分析表明,套作大豆产量与分枝粒重、最高分枝高、有效分枝数、平均分枝长度、生育期（天）极显著正相关,与主茎节数和营养生长期显著正相关;主成分分析结果表明,分枝因子、主茎因子、产量因子和结荚因子等四个因子对对变异的贡献率达77.28%。本文研究结果可为生产上套作大豆专用品种筛选和选育提供理论依据。 相似文献
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微量元素对大豆异黄酮含量和产量构成性状的影响及其相关分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过对3个品种施用微量元素,测定其对大豆籽粒异黄酮含量及对产量构成性状的影响,分析了对产量构成性状与异黄酮含量的相关性.结果表明,不同品种间异黄酮含量差异显著,同一品种不同处理间差异不显著.微量元素的配合使用效果在3个品种上均比对照好;在产量构成性状方面,绥农10、绥农14的株高普遍降低,而施用B、Zn、Mo及配施使合丰43增高大于5%;单株结荚数:绥农10和绥农14增加较明显;百粒重:绥农10增加较明显;单株重:三个品种均有不同程度的增加,但绥农14经方差分析差异达到5%显著.相关性分析表明三个品种,不同产量性状均与异黄酮含量无显著的正相关,且多数呈现负相关. 相似文献
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为促进夏大豆育种,对2006-2017年国家黄淮海夏大豆品种区域试验参试品种（系）的产量、主要农艺性状、品质及抗性性状进行了综合分析。结果表明：参试品种（系）产量水平明显提高;株高、单株有效分枝数、单株有效荚数、单株粒数、单株粒重、百粒重整体呈上升趋势,主茎节数略有上升;生育日数整体呈下降趋势,底荚高度略有下降。粗蛋白含量整体略有上升,粗脂肪含量呈下降趋势;参试品种（系）中达到高蛋白和高脂肪标准的品种 （系）分别有20个、82个。参试品种（系）对大豆花叶病毒病的抗性水平不断提高,对大豆胞囊线虫病的抗性水平明显降低。相关性分析表明：各性状间存在复杂的相关性,产量与单株粒重、百粒重呈极显著正相关,与单株粒数呈显著正相关,与接种大豆花叶病毒SC7株系病情指数呈极显著负相关。多元回归、偏相关和通径分析结果表明：单 株粒重是产量的正向作用因子;主茎节数是产量的负向作用因子。以上结果综合表明：单株粒重是黄淮海地区大豆产量提高的关键因素。因此,夏大豆品种选育时,应注重主茎节数适中、单株粒重较高的亲本组配及后代单株的选择,同时还要重视品质,强调抗性,从而选育出适宜黄淮海地区的高产、优质、多抗、广适大豆新品种。 相似文献
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为指导国家长江流域高产优质春大豆新品种的选育和推广,分析了2006-2017年国家区试长江流域春大豆组12年间的品种试验数据,并通过方差分析与相关性分析研究了参试品种的重要农艺性状、产量及其品质性状的遗传变化规律与相互关系。结果表明:12年间90个参试品种有16个通过试验并申请国家审定;参试品种性状的遗传变异中,品质性状的变异最小,其次是产量及其相关性状,重要农艺性状的变异最大;随着年度的递增,参试品种的生育天数、株高、底荚高度、主茎节数、单株有效荚数、单株粒数呈现缓慢下降的总趋势,而产量、单株粒重、百粒重呈缓慢增加的总趋势,单株有效分枝数、粗蛋白质含量、粗脂肪含量、蛋白质与脂肪总含量的变化趋势不明显。相关性分析表明,产量与单株粒重、百粒重极显著正相关,而与生育天数、粗蛋白质含量负相关且达极显著及显著水平。因此,在长江流域春大豆新品种的选育过程中,应适当缩短生育天数和降低粗蛋白质含量,达到提高产量的目的。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
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Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
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Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
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Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献