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1.
Abstract： Raphunus sativus L. commonly known as ＂radish＂ is a popular vegetable crop used by people all over the world for its culinary and medicinal properties. Enhancement of in vitro regeneration system for radish variety beeralu is needed to further tissue culture studied. Therefore, the present study was carried out to find out the effects of different organic additives on in vitro shoot regeneration of Radish （Raphanus sativus L.） Var. Beeralu. Hypocotyl explants of aseptic plantlets were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 2.5 mg/L BAP （benzyl adenine） and 0.1 mg/L NAA （1-nphthaleneacetic acid） with different natural additives; 20% coconut water, 20% coconut milk, 10% grind spinach leaves, 10% grind potato tubers, 10% grind carrot, 5% rice flour, 10% green gram, 10% grind pumpkin, 10% banana fruit, 10% orange and control （without any additives）. Complete randomized design （CRD） with five replicates was used. After one month the numbers of regenerated shoots were counted and statistical analysis was carried out using the Student Newman-Kuells Means Separation Test of SAS program （9.1.3）. The highest mean number of shoots （12 shoots/explant） from Radish （Raphanus sativus L.） Var. Beeralu observed in MS basal medium with 2.5 mg/L BAP and 0.1 mg/L NAA with 10% orange juice whereas the 2nd highest shoots were obtained with 20% coconut water. The lowest number of shoots （0 shoot/explant） was observed from medium with carrot juice and pumpkin juice, but they induced callus formation. Media with grind spinach leaves, rice flour, green gram, grind potato tubers and banana inhibit the shoot regeneration.  相似文献   

2.
Radiation induced mutagenesis followed by in vitro selection was employed for salt tolerance in popular Indian sugarcane （Saccharum officinarum L.） cv. CoC-671. Embryogenic calli were gamma irradiated and exposed to different levels of NaCl （42.8, 85.6, 128.3, 171.1,213.9, 256.7, 299.5, or 342.2 mM）. The relative growth rate （RGR） decreased progressively with increasing salt stress and was the least with a salt stress of 256.7 mM （0.25±0.009）, almost 10 fold lesser than the control. The RGR was significantly lower in 85.6 mM and higher salt stressed calli than the control. The survival percent also decreased, with an increase in NaCl concentration. In case of 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli, regeneration was observed up to 85.6 mM NaCl selection, medium, whereas, higher treatments （128.3 mM and beyond） exhibited browning initially. However, in the subsequent subcultures, regeneration was obtained in the case of 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli on 128.3 and 171.1 mM NaCl selections. Higher dose of gamma irradiation （40 Gy） also showed regeneration, but only with 85.6 mM NaCI selection. The unirradiated calli regenerated the highest number of plantlets followed by 10 and 20 Gy irradiated calli on salt selection. A total of 147 plantlets were selected from different salt levels. The salt selected plants are being tested for their field performance.  相似文献   

3.
Salt stress contains osmotic and ionic stress, while iso-osmotic polyethylene glycol （PEG） has only osmotic stress. This study aimed to compare the different effects on the activity of H＋-ATPase, proton pump and Na＋/H＋antiport in Malus seedlings between osmotic and ionic stress. Species of salt tolerant Malus zumi, middle salt tolerant Malus xiaojinensis and salt sensitive Malus baccata were used as experimental materials. Malus seedlings were treated with NaCl and iso-osmotic PEG stress. The activity of H＋-ATPase, proton pump and Na＋/H＋antiport of plasmolemma and tonoplast in Malus seedlings were obviously increased under salt stress, and those in salt-tolerant species increased more. Under the same NaCl concentration, the activity of H＋-ATPase, proton pump and Na＋/H＋antiport of plasmolemma and tonoplast in salt-tolerant species were all obviously higher than those in salt-sensitive one. Higher Na＋/H＋antiport activity of plasmolemma and tonoplast in salt-tolerant species could help to extrude and compartmentalize sodium in roots under salt stress. The ascent rate of activity of H＋-ATPase, proton pump and Na＋/H＋antiport in Malus seedlings under the three salt concentration stress was all obviously higher than that under the iso-osmotic PEG stress. It indicated that the sodium ion effect had more stimulation on the activity of H＋-ATPase, proton pump and Na＋/H＋antiport in salt-tolerant species, and salt-tolerant species has higher capability of sodium extrusion and compartmentalization in roots and is therefore more salt tolerant.  相似文献   

4.
Grazing can dramatically affect arid grassland communities that are very vulnerable to environmental changes due to its relatively short and sparse ground coverage, low biomass, sandy soil and inter-annual precipitation found in the desert steppe. The study investigates the effects of different grazing durations on vegetation and soil properties of a desert steppe community. The experiment was conducted in Xisu Banner in Inner Mongolia with ifve treatments：CG （continuous grazing）, 40UG （40 d ungrazed）, 50UG （50 d ungrazed）, 60UG （60 d ungrazed） and UG （ungrazed）. The biomass of both shrub and annual-biennial plant communities were signiifcantly decreased by CG. Continuous grazing and 40UG signiifcantly reduced the ANPP （aboveground net primary productivity） by the end of the three year study. 60UG treatment increased soil organic carbon （OC）, total nitrogen concentration （TN） and total phosphorus concentration （TP） concentrations and 50UG increased the TN and total phosphorus concentration （TK） concentrations, whereas CG, 40UG and 50UG decreased soil OC, TP and available phosphorus concentration （AP） concentrations. The perennial plant species of the desert steppe were generally tolerant for grazing. The annual-biennial plant species had large variability in ANPP because of the inter-annual precipitation. Our results highlight that inter-annual precipitation variations could strongly modify the community responses to grazing in arid ecosystems.  相似文献   

5.
Biogas production generates digested slurry as a byproduct. It can be used as a fertilizer especially after its conversion into digested liquid. A pot based study was conducted in order to evaluate the effect of the application of digested liquid on CH4 and N2O flux, and plant biomass in paddy. Analysis revealed that digested liquid treated soils released more CH4 compared to ammonium sulphate and the control. Ammonium sulphate treated soil emitted the highest N20 whereas digested liquid application decreased its emission significantly. Further, the cumulative emission over 101 d of the experiment was found to be higher for CHa （16.9 to 29.9 g m^-2） compared to N20 （-49.3 to 18.9 mg m^-2） for all treatments. Digested liquid application had positive impact on plant variables such as panicle number and weight of panicles. This study suggests that digested liquid application significantly decrease N20 emission and increase CH4 emission possibly due to affecting the availability of organic C in the soil to microbial activity for methanogenesis. Another possibility for enhancing CH4 emission by following biogas digested liquid could be attributed to the increase in plant biomass.  相似文献   

6.
The caterpillar Spodopterafrugiperda is an important pest of several crops, due to the damage it causes and the difficulty of its control. The method of controlling these pests is through chemical insecticides, which cause adverse effects to the biotic and abiotic environment. The selection of new insecticides that meet the requirements of efficacy, safety, selectivity and those are economically viable, is highlighting the study of mechanisms of plant defense. The present study aimed to verify the insecticide effect of 27 plants in three different types of plants extracts： aqueous, decoction and polypeptide on S. frugiperda. Three plants were chosen for performing sublethal effects bioassays： two plants with the highest corrected mortality （E. pulcherrima and R. simsii） and the other plant （Maytenus ilicifolia （espinheira santa）） with corrected mortality similar to control. In preliminaries bioassays, 25 plants showed corrected mortality less than 50%, according to Abbott＇s formula. R. simsii （azalea） and E. pulcherrima （billed parrot） showed 51% and 68% of corrected mortality, respectively. Only R. simsii aqueous and the three extracts of E. pulcherrima differ significantly from control （P 〈 0.05）. The aqueous extracts and decoction of R. simsii and polypeptide extract of E. pulcherrima reduced the larval period of S. frugiperda, different from control （P 〈 0.05）. The polypeptide extract of R. simsii reduced the pupal period of the target insect. The extracts obtained by decoction, aqueous and polypeptide of E. pulcherrima extracts and decoction of polypeptides and R. simsii affected the fertility and fecundity of S. frugiperda. For the other parameters, there is no significant difference when compared with the control. The results of this study suggest that the extracts obtained by decoction, aqueous and polypeptide of E. pulcherrima and R. simsii can be used to control S. frugiperda. However, the successful search, product starting from extracts of plants depends on the availability of plant and the entire assembly around the detection of bioactive products, in addition to the active ingredients of the chemical synthesis and elucidation of the target site insecticide molecule.  相似文献   

7.
G.O.  Kolawole  K.  A.  Adebayo  M.  A.  Adebayo 《农业科学与技术》2011,(4):428-432
Seed size can influence germination, emergence and further development of plants to produce high yield. Therefore, pot trial was conducted to assess the effects of seed sizes on growth and establishment of sheanut tree seedlings （Vitellaria paradoxa） in tlae southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. Seedlings produced from large sized seed had higher germination （80%） than those from medium （70%） and small （65%） sized seeds. Number of days to emergence of seedling from large-sized seed planting was 30 days, 49 days for small- and medium-sized seeds. Large sized seeds had higher N, P, K, Ca and Mg contents compared with small and medium sized seeds. Generally, seedlings from large sized seeds had about 1.5 times more leaves than medium sized seeds and about 2 times more leaves than small sized seeds at 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 weeks after planting （WAP）. Seedlings from large sized seeds were taller and had larger stem girth （at 16WAP） than those from medium sized seeds. Variations in seedling growth from seed sizes could be of operational importance in nursery management as seeds can be sown according to size to improve uniformity. However, further studies to ascertain if the superior growth of seedlings from large sized seeds will lead to higher yield is recommended.  相似文献   

8.
In an attempt to propagate and conserve the rare, showy bulbous plants of Iris bismarckiana, newly recorded to the flora of Jordan and to contribute to the conservation the wild lris species in Jordan, a simple rapid, time consuming protocol has been developed using plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryogenesis was induced in zygotic embryo culture on Murashige and Skoog （MS） medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid （8 mg/L） as the sole plant growth regulator, where both embryogenesis calli and somatic embryos were induced. Separation of embryos from embryo clusters was necessary to enhance the frequency of germination. Germination was stimulated by separation of embryos successfully from embryo clusters and transferred onto fresh MS medium. Data obtained were analyzed as a complete random design with three replications. Calli fragments that were transferred to embryogenesis induction medium （EIM） produced white embryo-like globular structures within two weeks. Within three more weeks, clusters of structures at various stages of development could be found on the same callus. The applied technique is rewarding and encouraging for further research on the endangered wild species of Iris in Jordan.  相似文献   

9.
Detection in 1999 of a new stem rust （Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici） race Ug99 in Uganda with broad virulence including the virulence for Sr31 and its migration to Kenya and Ethiopia has been recognized as a significant threat to local and world wheat production. All the Current Kenyan commercial varieties are susceptible to this race. This study was aimed at identifying suitable wheat varieties with resistance to Ug99 and replacing the susceptible commercial varieties through multi-locational testing and variety release. Thirty three lines were identified from a prescreen population of 104 lines and tested in 3 wheat growing regions in Kenya for two seasons in 2006 and 2007. The resulting four superior lines were evaluated under the National Performance Trial （NPT） where two lines which out-performed the best check variety were released as for commercial production. ＇Robin＇ was the best line and out yielded the commercial variety by 27%. ＂Eaglel0＂ was the second best and was better significantly than the check variety. These two lines which combined both adult plant resistant gene Sr2 complex and other major genes are expected to have some durable resistance and may be used to replace the current susceptible commercial varieties grown in Kenya.  相似文献   

10.
【目的】研究CaCl2缓解酸枣盐胁迫的分子机制。通过转录组测序分析,为研究CaCl2缓解酸枣盐害分子机制提供参考。【方法】研究以水培酸枣幼苗为材料,150 mmol/L NaCl和150 mmol/L NaCl + 10 mmol/L CaCl2分别处理6 h,利用高通量测序技术对酸枣幼苗叶片和根系进行了转录组测序与组装,对获得的所有Unigene在GO、KEGG数据库中进行功能注释。【结果】 与对照组相比,在外源CaCl2处理下酸枣幼苗叶片上调和下调的差异表达基因分别7 365个和1 247个,根系分别有762个和4 861个。【结论】GO数据库比对,酸枣幼苗叶片富集了43个GO条件,根系富集了42个GO条件,叶片和根系均是催化活性被富集到差异基因最多;KEGG数据库比对,差异基因主要涉及植物病原互作、MAPK信号通路-植物、植物激素信号转导、苯丙醇生物合成、戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸相互转化等。  相似文献   

11.
A reliable system was developed for regeneration from mature embryos derived from callus of four maize inbred lines （Liao 7980, Dan 9818, Dan 340, and Dan 5026）. The protocol was mainly based on a series of experiments involving the composition of culture medium. We found that 9 pM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in MS medium was optimum for the induction of callus. The induction frequency of primary calli was over 85% for four inbred lines tested. The addition of L- proline （12 mM） in subculture medium significantly promoted the formation of embryogenic callus but it did not significantly enhance growth rate of callus. Efficient shoot regeneration was obtained on regeneration medium containing 2.22 μM 6- benzylaminopurine in combinations with 4.64 μM Kinetin. Regenerated shoots were rooted on half-strength MS medium containing 2.85 μM indole-3-butyric acid. This plant regeneration system provides a foundation for genetic transformation of maize.  相似文献   

12.
Pelargonium sidoides DC is used in herbal medicine for the treatment of various infections. The roots are being indiscriminately harvested for local and export trade and the collection rate is becoming unsustainable. Seed germination dynamics of this species was studied with the aim to reveal factors that influence its survival in the wild in order to adopt the appropriate germination conditions for use in ex-situ propagation and conservation program. Germination was affected by age of seeds, temperature and pre-chilling conditions. Temperature higher than 25 oC reduced germination by 60%. When seeds of P. sidoides were subjected to pre-chilling treatment for seven days, there was a significant drop in final germination by 29% compared to the other treatments. Although, final germination was not affected by different light treatments, continuous light significantly promoted germination velocity Seeds harvested from the plants grown in the green house performed better in germination than those collected from the field. The ecological implications of these observations on the propagation and conservation ofP. sidoides are discussed.  相似文献   

13.
The occurrence of the spore-forming bacteria in different segments of production lines of Ultra High Temperature （UHT） milk of a commercial plant and its transfer to the final product was studied. The samples were collected from different segments of production lines from reception to packaging sections, over a period of 75 days at a rate of one sampling a week, from plants in North West of Algeria. The total colony count of aerobic spore-forming bacteria was done using Plate Count Agar （PCA） method. The results showed that there was more than 1 ×10^3 CFU/mL at the level of 50%, 25%, 37.5%, 62.5% and 37.5% of the analyzed samples of milk powder, pasteurized milk, UHT milk （before storage）, UHT milk stored at 55℃ for 7 days and UHT milk stored at 30℃ for 14 days, respectively. The mean total colony count of aerobic spore-forming bacteria was considerably lower in the UHT milk than in the other samples, while the higher proportion of aerobic spore-forming bacteria was noticed to be 32.58% and 30.90% in the UHT milk stored at 55℃ and 30℃, respectively. The results obtained by the classic biochemical identification （Bacillus API 20E）, interpreted by software of calculation for microbial identification reflected the presence of especially Bacillus sphaericus. The other species found were： Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus coagulans, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus stearothermophilus. The study reveals that the proportion of aerobic spore-forming bacteria in the final product depends on temperature and storage periods.  相似文献   

14.
甜橙油抗氧化活性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
龚文静  王磊  邱玥  刘克海 《安徽农业科学》2011,39(35):21783-21784,22131
[目的]研究甜橙油的抗氧化活性。[方法]分别采用DPPH自由基清除法和普鲁士蓝法测定甜橙油的抗氧化活性。[结果]甜橙油的质量浓度小于192.5 mg/ml时,甜橙油对DPPH自由基的清除率呈剂量效应增加;当其质量浓度超过192.5 mg/ml时,甜橙油对DP-PH自由基的清除率基本维持不变。在27.5～192.5 mg/ml的浓度范围内,DPPH自由基清除率与甜橙油浓度呈现良好的量效关系：y=0.3192x＋28.9（R2=0.987 1）。DPPH自由基清除试验中,以518 nm为检测波长,反应平稳时间为60 minI,C50值为（66.10±0.39）mg/ml。在27.5～137.5 mg/ml范围内甜橙油的还原能力呈线性增高趋势,其线性拟合方程为y=0.004 1x＋0.121 1（R2=0.989 9）,证实甜橙油具有较强的还原性,是比较好的电子供应者。[结论]甜橙油具有较强的还原能力,其还原力与质量浓度在27.5～137.5 mg/ml范围内存在极显著的量效关系。  相似文献   

15.
为明确不同花生品种耐盐性差异和筛选培育耐盐性品种,发展盐碱地花生生产,设置0%和0.3%(W/W)盐胁迫浓度处理,采用盆栽试验,对近年来推广应用面积较大的30个花生品种的出苗率、出苗速率、第一对侧枝长、植株高度和干质量等指标调查研究,通过聚类和主成分综合分析。结果表明：供试的30个花生品种其耐盐性划分为5种类型,即：高度耐盐型、耐盐型、中间型、盐敏感型和高度盐敏感型;通过逐步回归建立花生品种耐盐性预测方程,F=2.694RPH+1.34RPW+2.539REV-3.353(R2=0.958);确立了相对株高、相对植株干质量和相对出苗速率,可作为花生品种耐盐性鉴选的主要指标,其中相对株高对品种耐盐性的直接影响较大。花生品种粒型大小与其耐盐性呈极显著相关,相关系数为0.614。花生品种耐盐性与其粒型大小呈极显著相关,可将品种相对株高、相对植株干质量和相对出苗速率等作为其耐盐性鉴选的主要指标。  相似文献   

16.
为了探究锌胁迫对柑橘砧木生长的影响,本文采用溶液培养的方法,测定了不同锌浓度如0 mg?L-1(锌缺乏)、0.005 mg?L-1(锌低量)、0.05 mg?L-1(锌适量)、0.5mg?L-1(锌过量)条件下枳壳、酸橙与红橘的相关生理指标及不同部位锌含量变化。结果表明：1）锌胁迫显著抑制了枳壳及酸橙的生长,而对红橘生长的影响较小。2）与锌适量处理相比,锌缺乏和锌低量处理时枳壳、酸橙根系POD活性均明显降低,各锌处理间红橘根系CAT活性无显著性差异;锌胁迫下三者叶片与根系脯氨酸含量均显著高于适量锌处理,不同锌处理下枳壳叶片MDA及其根系脯氨酸含量均相对低于酸橙与红橘。3）随着锌处理浓度的升高,三者根、茎、叶的锌含量均趋上升,且根系锌含量显著较高。锌过量处理下三者的叶/根、叶/茎、茎/根比均显著低于其他锌处理。可见,三种柑橘砧木对锌胁迫的反应存在明显的差异。  相似文献   

17.
冰糖橙胚性愈伤组织的诱导与植株再生   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
以冰糖橙成熟果实中的未发育胚珠为外植体，培养诱导胚性愈伤组织并进行植株再生。结果表明：在不同的培养基和不同的培养条件下胚性愈伤组织和胚状体的发生频率不同；麦芽提取物和GA3有利于胚性愈伤组织的发生，暗培养有利于胚性愈伤组织的诱导；在MKBN(MT KT0．5mg／L BA0．5mg／L NAA0．1mg／L)培养养基上，胚状体的再生率达88．24％，以酸橙作砧木进行试管嫁接，嫁接成活率达88．89％。  相似文献   

18.
研究Na Cl处理下耐盐性不同基因型甘薯植株K~+、Na~+和Cl~-含量及生长情况,以探讨不同器官K~+、Na~+和Cl~-含量变化对植株生长的影响,为耐盐材料的鉴定及耐盐机理的研究提供依据。以商薯19(CK)和EMS诱变创新材料T06、T11为试验材料,分析Na Cl胁迫处理下,甘薯植株根、茎、叶K~+、Na~+和Cl~-含量变化及其与生长的关系。随着Na Cl处理时间的延长,CK、T06、T11根、茎、叶干重的增长速率和K~+/Na~+值均降低,Na~+、K~+、和Cl~-含量逐渐增加,但是T06和T11较CK保持较高的干重增长速率、K~+含量、K~+/Na~+值,较低的Na~+和Cl~-含量;甘薯植株干重与Na~+和Cl~-含量呈显著或极显著负相关,而与K~+含量呈显著正相关。因此,耐盐性好的甘薯基因型,在Na Cl处理后可保持较高的生长速率,根、茎、叶较低的Na~+和Cl~-含量,较高的K~+/Na~+值和K~+含量,可为耐盐材料的鉴定提供借鉴。  相似文献   

19.
氯化钠胁迫对水稻愈伤组织的生长有明显的影响。表现为存活率下降、生长量减少以及干/鲜值增加等。然而用上述指标进行比较,具有植株水平耐盐性差异的不同基因型,愈伤组织之间却没有显著差异,表明植株水平的耐盐程度与愈伤组织的耐盐程度之间没有直接联系。在氯化钠胁迫的情况下,耐盐基因型愈伤组织的K~+含量低于盐敏感基因型,而前者的Na~+和Cl~-含量却略高于后者。这种趋势与植株水平不一致,暗示了愈伤组织水平对无机离子的吸收可能具有与植株水平不同的机制。  相似文献   

20.
草莓458-2新品系是河北省农林科学院石家庄果树研究所从2002年草莓杂交实生苗中选出的,其母本为日本品种枥乙女、父本为美国品种全明星。458-2草莓新品系果实圆锥形,鲜红色,有光泽,有明显蜡质层光泽,果面平整,果个大,均匀整齐,一、二级序果平均单果重为33.6 g和21.5 g,最大单果重为57 g;果肉橘红色,质地较密且肉质细,纤维少,香气浓,酸甜可口,品质上,可溶性固形物含量10.5%,果实弹力0.851 kg/cm2,果实综合阻力0.447 kg/cm2,较耐贮运;植株长势强,丰产性好,平均产量358.6 g/株;植株休眠期300 h左右,适宜露地及保护地半促成栽培,为中早熟品种。  相似文献   

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