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西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis是世界性重要检疫性害虫之一,不仅直接取食危害作物而且传播病毒,从而造成极为严重的经济损失。由于西花蓟马在我国具有广泛的适生范围,随其入侵我国并随之传播的番茄斑萎病毒(Tomato spotted wilt virus)已在我国不同地域发现,对经济作物已形成严重威胁。本文综述了西花蓟马对番茄斑萎病毒的获取、携带和传播扩散过程及其病毒在蓟马体内的循环过程和机理,总结了影响西花蓟马传播番茄斑萎病毒效率的因素,并评述了西花蓟马-病毒-植物这一互作系统及其对西花蓟马生长发育适合度的影响,以期为我国西花蓟马传播番茄斑萎病毒的基础研究和防控提供理论依据与指导。 相似文献
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为了研发靶标害虫为西花蓟马的球孢白僵菌杀虫剂，我们首先通过筛选、纯化和复壮获得对西花蓟马高效的真菌菌株；其次，对液-固双相发酵条件和发酵工艺进行优化；然后，改良了产品剂型和配方；最后对产品进行环境和毒性评价。结果显示该产品各项指标均符合国家标准。150亿孢子/g球孢白僵菌可湿性粉剂于2018年在国内获审批登记。喷施1800～3000 g/hm2对辣椒上西花蓟马的防效均为74%以上。推荐用量为2400 g/hm2。该产品的研发和获批登记为西花蓟马的生物防治奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献
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西花蓟马天敌种类及主要种类的控害潜能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
西花蓟马[Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)]是国际上备受关注的检疫性有害生物,近年来该虫分布范围不断扩大,对农作物、园林园艺植物的危害日趋加重,发挥天敌对该虫的自然控制作用已引起人们广泛重视。本文根据国内外研究报道,总结和记述了西花蓟马的天敌种类及其主要种类对西花蓟马的控制作用。西花蓟马的天敌约有60种,其中天敌昆虫50种,昆虫病原线虫5种,虫生真菌5种。同时,对主要天敌种类小花蝽、昆虫病原线虫和虫生真菌对西花蓟马的捕食寄生及控制潜力进行了阐述。 相似文献
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缨翅目Thysanoptera昆虫，俗称蓟马，其种类繁多、数量庞大，主要通过取食和传播植物病毒病进行为害。蓟马害虫已经发展成为我国热带地区最重要的农业害虫类群之一，对农作物和园艺植物造成了巨大的经济损失。天敌作为其重要的生物防治资源，在蓟马害虫防治中尤为关键。据此，本文结合国内外研究对西花蓟马和我国热带地区主要蓟马害虫的生物防治资源进行分类汇总，主要包括捕食性天敌、寄生性天敌和病原性天敌，并简述了它们在蓟马害虫生物防治方面的应用。本研究极大地补充了我国热带地区蓟马类害虫的生物防治资源素材，并为此类害虫绿色防控技术体系的构建奠定了坚实的基础。 相似文献
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天敌昆虫和生防菌的联合应用对害虫防控具有潜在的增效作用。东亚小花蝽Orius sauteri是目前常用的捕食性天敌之一, 被广泛用于温室蓟马、粉虱等害虫的防治。金龟子绿僵菌Metarhizium anisopliae寄主广泛, 可有效防治多种温室害虫, 且相对安全。为探索东亚小花蝽与金龟子绿僵菌联用的控害效果, 本文在室内和田间条件下研究了二者对烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci和西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis的协同控害作用。室内测定结果表明, 绿僵菌孢子悬浮液浓度不大于5×107孢子/mL时, 不会对东亚小花蝽5龄若虫的存活和羽化造成负面影响。室内与温室笼罩条件下, 东亚小花蝽携带绿僵菌的处理能够降低辣椒上的西花蓟马和烟粉虱发生量, 表明东亚小花蝽携带绿僵菌可提高对西花蓟马和烟粉虱的防治效果, 证明了天敌昆虫和生防菌联合应用的可行性, 为生物防治方式多元化应用与推广提供了实践指导。 相似文献
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为明确不同外源因子对菜豆的诱导抗性及对西花蓟马的影响, 研究了茉莉酸、水杨酸甲酯、西花蓟马为害、机械损伤诱导处理的菜豆对西花蓟马生长发育和种群动态的影响。结果表明外源茉莉酸、水杨酸甲酯、西花蓟马为害处理菜豆植株显著延长了西花蓟马未成熟期的发育时间, 较健康植株分别延长4.72、2.87和4.95 d, 也造成西花蓟马的存活率不同程度的下降。西花蓟马在机械损伤处理和健康植株发育时间差异不显著。不同处理均使西花蓟马种群数量明显下降, 并且茉莉酸的抑制作用最明显。因此, 外源茉莉酸和水杨酸甲酯诱导的菜豆可对西花蓟马生长发育和种群动态产生不同程度的影响, 且茉莉酸的诱导抗性要优于水杨酸甲酯。本结果对探索西花蓟马的防治新策略有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
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西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是世界性的重要害虫,明确其在广东省的适生区域对该虫的科学监测及防治意义重大。本研究根据西花蓟马的生物学特性,利用气候相似距原理和ArcGIS对西花蓟马在广东省的适生性、寄主分布情况进行了分析,结果表明:西花蓟马在广东省有广泛的适宜分布区,但存在地域性的差异,其中雷州半岛、韶关、清远、河源、梅州、惠州等地区的适生程度相对较高,而珠三角及潮汕地区适生程度较低。有效积温结果表明西花蓟马在广东省一年可发生18～24代。 相似文献
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为比较西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis对不同寄主植物的选择性,本研究采用罩笼法观察了西花蓟马对8种不同蔬菜寄主植物(茄子、甘蓝、辣椒、黄瓜、莴笋、番茄、芹菜、香菜)的选择性,并使用“Y”形嗅觉仪评价了西花蓟马对不同蔬菜的嗅觉行为反应。结果表明,在8种不同蔬菜寄主植物中,西花蓟马对茄子、甘蓝的选择性最高;对芹菜和香菜的选择性较弱,表明西花蓟马对芹菜和香菜表现出忌避性。本研究结果为了解西花蓟马对不同寄主植物的选择提供理论依据。 相似文献
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西花蓟马Frankliniella occidentalis(Pergande)是一种世界性的入侵害虫,近年来传入我国并迅速扩散蔓延,持续监测广州市输入性花卉中蓟马的种类组成及种群动态,对西花蓟马的早期监测预警具有重要的意义。2011年4月-2013年7月对广州市岭南花卉市场玫瑰、百合、康乃馨三种输入性花卉的蓟马种类及种群动态进行系统调查,利用用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对蓟马若虫的表皮碳氢化合物进行分析。结果表明:广州地区输入性花卉上蓟马包括西花蓟马F.occidentalis、烟蓟马Thrips tabaci、花蓟马F.intonsa、黄蓟马T.flavidulus 4种,其中西花蓟马是蓟马优势种,而康乃馨是携带西花蓟马的主要花卉品种。西花蓟马在康乃馨上常年发生,成虫种群消长呈单峰型,高峰期在6-8月,冬季最少。此外,康乃馨上蓟马若虫的各色谱峰保留值与西花蓟马若虫的基本一致,比例为83.33%。 相似文献
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Insecticide resistance continues to be one of the most important issues facing agricultural production. The challenges in insecticide resistance and its management are exemplified by the situation with the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). This highly invasive pest has a great propensity for developing insecticide resistance because of its biological attributes, and cases of resistance to most classes of insecticides used for its management have been detected. To combat insecticide resistance in the western flower thrips, several insecticide resistance management (IRM) programs have been developed around the world, and these are discussed. Successful programs rely on non-insecticidal tactics, such as biological and cultural controls and host plant resistance, to reduce population pressures, rotations among insecticides of different mode of action classes to conserve insecticide efficacy, resistance monitoring, sampling to determine the need for insecticide applications and education to assure proper implementation. More judicious insecticide use is possible with the development of well-founded economic thresholds for more cropping systems. While growers will continue to rely on insecticides as part of western-flower-thrips- and thrips-transmitted virus management, more effective management of these pests will be achieved by considering their management in the context of overall integrated pest management, with IRM being a key component of those comprehensive programs. 相似文献
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Ozan Demirozer Kara Tyler‐Julian Joe Funderburk Norm Leppla Stuart Reitz 《Pest management science》2012,68(12):1537-1545
BACKGROUND: The spread of the western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), resulted in the worldwide destabilization of established integrated pest management programs for many crops. Efforts to control the pest and the thrips‐vectored tospoviruses with calendar applications of broad‐spectrum insecticides have been unsuccessful. The result has been a classic ‘3‐R’ situation: resistance to numerous insecticides; resurgence of the western flower thrips populations as a result of natural predators and native competitor thrips being eliminated; replacement by various other pests. This paper reports on integrated pest management programs for fruiting vegetables that are effective, economical, ecologically sound and sustainable. RESULTS: The components include the following: define pest status (economic thresholds); increase biotic resistance (natural enemies and competition); integrate preventive and therapeutic tactics (scouting, ultraviolet‐reflective technologies, biological control, compatible insecticides, companion plants and fertility); vertically integrate the programs with other pests; continually communicate latest science‐based management tactics with end‐users. CONCLUSION: These programs have been widely implemented in Florida and have significantly improved the management of western flower thrips and thrips‐transmitted viruses. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Sanae Mouden Kryss Facun Sarmiento Peter GL Klinkhamer Kirsten A Leiss 《Pest management science》2017,73(5):813-822
Western flower thrips (WFT) is one of the most economically important pest insects of many crops worldwide. Recent EU legislation has caused a dramatic shift in pest management strategies, pushing for tactics that are less reliable on chemicals. The development of alternative strategies is therefore an issue of increasing urgency. This paper reviews the main control tactics in integrated pest management (IPM) of WFT, with the focus on biological control and host plant resistance as areas of major progress. Knowledge gaps are identified and innovative approaches emphasised, highlighting the advances in ‘omics’ technologies. Successful programmes are most likely generated when preventive and therapeutic strategies with mutually beneficial, cost‐effective and environmentally sound foundations are incorporated. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. 相似文献
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Bielza P 《Pest management science》2008,64(11):1131-1138
Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is an economically important pest of a wide range of crops grown throughout the world. Insecticide resistance has been documented in many populations of WFT. Biological and behavioural characteristics and pest management practices that promote insecticide resistance are discussed. In addition, an overview is provided of the development of insecticide resistance in F. occidentalis populations and the resistance mechanisms involved. Owing to widespread resistance to most conventional insecticides, a new approach to insecticide resistance management (IRM) of F. occidentalis is needed. The IRM strategy proposed consists of two parts. Firstly, a general strategy to minimise the use of insecticides in order to reduce selection pressure. Secondly, a strategy designed to avoid selection of resistance mechanisms, considering cross-resistance patterns and resistance mechanisms. 相似文献
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Insecticides are the most commonly used tactic to control western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), on greenhouse cucumber. However, WFT has developed resistance to several of the insecticides presently in use. In addition, some of these insecticides adversely affect greenhouse biological control agents used to control WFT, resulting in subsequent pest resurgence. Therefore, there is a need to identify novel insecticides with unique modes of action for use in integrated pest management (IPM) programs to effectively control WFT with minimal impact on associated biological control agents. In laboratory bioassays conducted in 2001, immature and adult WFT and three associated greenhouse biological control agents: Amblyseius cucumeris Oudemans (Acarina: Phytoseiidae), Orius insidiosus Say (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) were exposed to direct, direct/residual, and residual contact applications of the novel biopesticide, spinosad (Conserve 120 SC), and the industry standard for whitefly control, endosulfan (Thiodan 50 WP). In all three types of assay, spinosad was effective against immature and adult WFT life stages. It showed low toxicity to A. cucumeris, moderate toxicity to O. insidiosus and high toxicity to E formosa. Greenhouse studies involving exposure of immature and adult WFT and adult biological control agents to cucumber leaves sprayed previously with spinosad supported the laboratory data. Spinosad showed low toxicity to A. cucumeris exposed to leaves 1 day after treatment (DAT), moderate toxicity to O. insidiosus 1 and 8 DAT, and high toxicity to E. formosa up to 28 DAT. These data, along with spinosad's unique mode of action, suggest it would be a valuable reduced-risk control agent for greenhouse cucumber IPM programs. 相似文献
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Thrips tabaci (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) is a major pest of onion worldwide. In 2011, research was conducted in a commercial onion field in northwestern Italy to: (i) assess the presence of autochthonous onion thrips predators on the crop; and (ii) evaluate the impact of the commonly used insecticides and alternative pest management strategies on onion thrips and its autochthonous predators. Toxicity of the active ingredients on local populations of onion thrips and its predatory thrips was also evaluated in laboratory bioassays. During field surveys, the highest and lowest thrips infestations were observed in plots treated with lambda-cyhalothrin and spinosad, respectively. The effectiveness of spinosad on T. tabaci was also confirmed in laboratory bioassays. The dominant zoophagous species Aeolothrips intermedius (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) was more adversely affected by treatment with lambda-cyhalothrin, confirmed by a decrease in predator/prey ratios. The use of spinosad and acibenzolar-S-methyl is suggested as an alternative to conventional insecticides for the preservation of A. intermedius, which proved to be a potential biological control agent of T. tabaci. 相似文献