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1.
施氮量对豫北冬小麦产量及子粒主要矿质元素含量的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
以兰考矮早8、豫麦49-198和平安8号为材料,设置5个氮素水平（0、120、180、240、360kg/hm 2）,研究不同施氮量对豫北冬小麦子粒产量及其N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B等矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明：子粒中N与B（r=0.879）、N与Mg（r=0.858）、Mg与Zn（r=0.871）、Mg与B（r=0.877）含量间相关系数较高。施氮显著提高了子粒N、Ca、Fe、Cu、Zn、B含量,K、Mg含量受施氮量影响较小,但P和Mn含量明显下降。兰考矮早8子粒中各种矿质元素（除B外）含量明显高于平安8号,豫麦49-198介于二者之间。施氮在提高小麦子粒产量的同时降低了P/Ca、P/Mg、P/Fe和P/Zn的值,增强了Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn的生物有效性。此外,研究发现施氮量达到180kg/hm 2后,继续增施氮肥小麦产量难以提升。可见,合理的氮肥管理可以提高豫北地区冬小麦产量及子粒中微量元素的含量;过量施氮不仅难以提高子粒产量,还会降低子粒P和Mn的含量。  相似文献   

2.
阐明水稻品种演进过程中植株生产力和资源利用效率的变化特征,对高产高效协调的水稻品种选育和稻作技术改进具有重要的理论参考意义。本研究以1950-2010年间辽宁省的12个水稻主栽品种为材料,探讨氮肥施用对不同年代水稻品种植株生产力和氮肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,1990s及之后品种的最高生物学产量和籽粒产量均显著高于1980s及以前的品种,1990s及之后品种产量的递增主要归功于穗粒数的增加。其最高产量的施氮量显著高于1980s及以前的品种,低氮条件下不同年代品种间的生产力差异不显著。随年代的递进,水稻品种的氮肥农学利用率、偏生产力呈现递增趋势,但生理利用率和吸收利用率的变化趋势不明显;茎叶氮含量变化不明显,但籽粒氮含量呈下降趋势。随施氮量的递增,各年代品种植株含氮量均呈现递增趋势,但农学利用率、偏生产力、生理利用率、吸收利用率均呈下降趋势。在低氮条件下1990s及之后品种的氮肥利用效率与1980s及以前品种的差异不明显,但高氮下前者的氮肥利用效率显著高于后者。上述结果表明,虽然辽宁水稻植株生产力提升是品种改良和施肥水平提高的双重作用的结果,但在今后品种选育和栽培技术改进中要进一步协调好高产与资源高效的关系。  相似文献   

3.
以杂交中稻II优7号和渝香优203为材料,在西南稻区4省(市)的7个生态点采用相同的试验方案,研究了地理位置、土化特性、施氮量对植株氮、磷、钾积累和分配的影响。结果表明,不同试验地点间稻谷产量、干物质产量、氮磷钾的吸收量、收获指数和每生产1 000 kg稻谷的氮、磷、钾需要量(RAGPPG)差异显著或极显著。施肥处理对稻谷产量、干物质产量、氮的吸收量、收获指数和RAGPPG中的氮有显著或极显著影响,对RAGPPG中的磷、钾影响不显著。氮、磷、钾收获指数间和RAGPPG间均呈极显著正相关,RAGPPG和收获指数均与稻谷产量水平没有相关性。经逐步回归分析,RAGPPG和氮、磷、钾收获指数均分别与试验点所处地理位置、施肥水平及土化特性呈极显著线性关系,决定系数分别为0.5972~0.8404和0.7637~0.8804。可作为制定各地水稻高产高效相应的氮、磷、钾施肥量的科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
Element concentration in wheat grains is an important objective of plant breeding programs. For this purpose, synthetic hexaploid lines (Triticum durum ×Aegilops tauschii) have been identified as potential sources of high element concentration in grains. However, it is not known if these lines reach higher element concentrations in grains as the consequence of a dilution effect due to lower grain yield. In addition, most of the studies carried out with these lines did not evaluate above-ground element uptake. The objective of this study was to improve understanding of grain element concentrations as a function of grain yield, element uptake and biomass and element partitioning to grains in synthetic and conventional cultivars of wheat. One experiment with two standard sowing dates was carried out under field conditions. Biomass, grain yield, and macronutrient(Ca, Mg, K, P and S) and micronutrient (Cu,Fe, Mn and Zn) concentrations in grains and vegetative tissues were measured in two cultivars and one synthetic (chosen from ten lines). The synthetic showed higher element concentration in grains, e.g. between 25 and 30% for Fe, Mn and Zn across sowing dates, than cultivars while grain yield was similar or lower, depending on the sowing date. On the contrary, the synthetic showed lower concentration of Cain grains. This line showed also higher uptake of Fe, Mn, K and P than cultivars. The superior grain element concentration of the synthetic line was not only due to a dilution effect but also to a higher uptake efficiency. Therefore, synthetics would bea valuable source of germplasm for increasing element grain concentration, at least in this case for Fe, Mn, K and P. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

5.
旨在为薏苡科学施肥及高产潜力挖掘提供理论依据。以4个薏苡品系为试验材料,于2018—2019年进行大田试验,分析其在不同生育时期氮磷钾(NPK)元素的吸收、分配及利用规律。结果表明,4个薏苡品系的全株总生物量干重在20.5~24.7 t/hm2,地上部分生物产量干重在18.4~22.6 t/hm2之间,但是籽粒产量相对偏低,产量为1969.2~3109.1 kg/hm2。从薏苡抽穗至籽粒成熟,整个植株对NPK元素的吸收和积累量均有增加;N元素在抽穗至扬花期主要分布在茎鞘和叶片,至完全成熟籽粒中N素积累及分配均高于其他部位,而PK元素则主要分配在茎鞘部位。薏苡植株总NPK的吸收量平均为183.93 kg/hm2、62.57 kg/hm2和320.56 kg/hm2,平均吸收比例为N: P: K=2.94: 1: 5.12。薏苡NPK元素的籽粒生产效率和收获指数相对偏低,每100 kg籽粒对NPK养分需求量分别为5.6~7.3 kg,1.7~2.4 kg,8.0~15.0 kg。4个薏苡品系整体物质累积能力强、生物量大,但籽粒对NPK吸收分配和利用效率相对较低,高产潜力的挖掘仍有很大的提升空间。  相似文献   

6.
氮肥用量及钾肥施用对稻麦周年产量及效益的影响   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
为探明优化施氮量与高施氮量下不同钾肥施用处理对稻麦周年产量及效益的影响。本试验于2010年5月–2011年7月在江苏省如皋市农业科学研究所试验基地的田间稻麦轮作条件下,对常规粳稻品种镇稻11和春性中筋品种扬麦16设置了两个氮肥用量下不同钾肥用量及施用方法处理,测定稻麦周年的产量和组成因子,成熟期不同器官的氮、钾浓度和累积量,氮、钾利用效率及经济效益。试验结果表明,钾肥的施用显著提高了周年稻麦的产量,同时提高了稻麦的有效穗数、穗粒数和结实率,钾肥的利用效率和经济效益。稻麦周年钾肥(K2O)的偏生产力(PFP)、农学效率(AE)、回收利用率(RE)和经济效益均以周年钾肥(K2O)土壤施用150 kg hm-2 + 叶面喷施16.2 kg hm-2 (KS150 + KF16.2)处理最高。氮肥用量的结果表明,相对于优化施氮量,高施氮量有利于提高水稻的氮素营养而增产,但对稻麦周年产量的影响不显著,且优化施氮量的氮肥利用效率及经济效益均高于高施氮量。因此,综合考虑土壤环境因素、经济效益和肥料资源管理,本地区最佳氮肥(N)用量为水稻200 kg hm-2,小麦180 kg hm-2;最佳钾肥(K2O)用量及方法为水稻土壤施用90 kg hm-2 + 叶面喷施9.7 kg hm-2 (KS90 + KF9.7),小麦土壤施用60 kg hm-2 + 叶面喷施6.5 kg hm-2 (KS60 + KF6.5)。  相似文献   

7.
不同施氮水平对超高产夏玉米氮磷钾积累与分配的影响   总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21  
为探明不同施氮水平下玉米超高产(≥13 500 kg hm-2)群体氮磷钾积累及分配规律,通过苏玉20、浚单20两品种3年不同氮肥运筹方案的试验,实现了籽粒最高产量14 753 kg hm-2的目标。结果表明：(1)随着生育进程,两品种氮磷钾在植株、籽粒中积累逐渐增大,在叶片、茎秆、叶鞘中呈先单峰变化趋势,叶片氮钾峰值在大口期,磷峰值在开花期。增大灌浆期植株氮积累量及叶片氮转移率,促使成熟期籽粒氮磷较大积累量,利于超高产玉米群体的形成。(2)籽粒产量、1 kg氮生产籽粒量、氮肥的农学效率、氮素利用率、植株(及叶片、茎秆、叶鞘、籽粒等器官)氮磷钾含量在450 kg hm-2施氮水平时达到最大值,其值(苏玉20)分别为14753 kg hm-2、44.0 kg、19.24%、38.63%、335.4 kg hm-2、178.2 kg hm-2、230.7 kg hm-2,过高过低施氮均使氮磷钾积累量及产量下降。(3)由两品种产量与施氮水平的回归方程,确定了超高产时的最佳施氮量、超高产施氮水平和最佳施氮范围,苏玉20分别为457.0 kg hm-2、418.3~495.7 kg hm-2、418.5~495.4 kg hm-2;浚单20分别为452.7 kg hm-2(最佳施氮量)、410.8~494.6 kg hm-2 (最佳施氮范围)。  相似文献   

8.
A field experiment was conducted to study the growth and yield responses of lentil cultivars to phosphorus, zinc and biofertilizer application on a sandy loam soil during the winter seasons of 1989–90 and 1990–91 at the farm of Division of Agronomy, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India. The two lentil cultivars used in the study were Microsperma (JL 1) and Macrosperma (Lens 4076) and the biofertilizers were Rhizobium and VAM fungi. Results showed that higher values of LAI, root nodulation, yield attributes (number of pods plant−1, number of grains pod−1 and grain yield plant−1), grain yield and harvest index were obtained from JL 1 whereas plant height and 1000 grain weight were higher in Lens 4076. Application of 17.2 kg Pha−1 as single superphosphate (SSP) along with 5 kg Znha−1 as zinc sulphate resulted in marked improvement in growth and yield attributes, grain yield and harvest index when compared with the 17.2 kg P as rock phosphate (with and without Zn) and the control treatments. Combined inoculation of Rhizobium and VAM fungi resulted in improved growth and yield attributes, grain yield and harvest index when compared with inoculation of either of the inocula at a time.  相似文献   

9.
From all plant nutrients N fertilizer rates deserve highest attention as too high rates may result in nitrate leaching, volatilisation of N2O (greenhouse gas) and affect the farmers’ profit. Too low rates will also depress the profit. The problem is accentuated by the fact that crops not only feed from soil inorganic but also from organic soil N. Most soil N tests do not consider the available organic soil N. The Electro-Ultra-Filtration (EUF) method applied by us takes into account the EUF extractable inorganic and organic soil N for calculating the N fertilizer rate. This method developed at the Liebig University Giessen is called Giessen model (sampling in autumn out of the upper soil layer, 0–30 cm). We compared it with the standard soil N test the “Nmin method” recommended by German officials which method does not consider the available organic soil N (sampling in spring out of three or two soil layers, depending on soil depth). The investigation was carried out on farmers’ fields on five different sites with winter cereals (wheat, barley) in 1989/1990, 1990/1991 and 1991/1992. Recommended fertilizer application rates differed somewhat for both methods. Of the 23 cases, significantly higher grain yields were obtained five times by Nmin and four times by EUF; otherwise grain yields did not differ significantly between both methods. Grain yield and crude protein concentration were increased by fertilizer N compared with the plots without N fertilizer. On the site Giessen, however, there were some cases in which the N fertilizer did not increase grain yield. The soil of the Giessen site was rich in interlayer NH4+ which is not recovered by the EUF and Nmin method, but which obviously contributed to the N supply of the crop, and therefore the N rates were too high. Grain crude protein concentration were higher with Nmin for Wernborn and Bruchkobel sites because of higher N fertilizer rates. For the Giessen site in 1989/1990 the reverse was true. Nitrogen agronomic efficiency (AE) ranged from 0 to 35.6. Apparent N recovery (ANR) ranged from 0 to 111. The gross profit differed from −88 to 489 Euro/ha. Negative values (three cases out of 23) were found on the Giessen site where no yield increase was obtained by the N fertilizer because of interlayer NH4+. This interpretation is supported by the finding that interlayer NH4+ significantly decreased from autumn to spring. Apart from the results found in 1 year on the Giessen site, the gross profit calculation showed that a precise N fertilizer application based on soil analysis yields a high profitability of cereal production.  相似文献   

10.
提高小麦籽粒锌浓度是补充人体锌营养、降低锌缺乏的重要措施。定量化研究全球小麦籽粒锌浓度随时间变化，并评价施肥对籽粒锌浓度的影响，对指导当前农业生产的可持续发展具有重要意义。利用Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据库查阅了1980到2018年间与全球小麦籽粒锌营养相关的田间试验文献84篇，通过分析不同年代的籽粒锌浓度、氮磷钾肥施用量以及二者之间的关系，探讨氮磷钾肥施用对全球小麦籽粒锌浓度的影响。结果表明：从20世纪90年代(1981—1990)至今，全球小麦籽粒锌浓度从90年代的39.6 mg/kg下降至目前的29.1 mg/kg，下降幅度为26.5%。在小麦生产中，氮肥从1990s的84.1 kg/hm2增长至当前的166 kg/hm2，磷肥从2000s至今增加了127%，钾肥从2000s至今增加了19.8%。氮肥施用显著提高了小麦籽粒锌浓度，磷肥降低了籽粒锌浓度，而钾肥施用并没有影响籽粒锌浓度。因此，集约化农田中磷肥的大量施用可能对小麦籽粒锌浓度的降低影响最大，适当的磷肥施用量可以保证小麦籽粒高产、高籽粒锌营养。  相似文献   

11.
氮磷钾配施对超高产夏玉米养分吸收和产量性状的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
旨在深入研究氮磷钾均衡施肥和分别减施氮、磷和钾肥对河北平原超高产夏玉米养分吸收特性和产量性状的影响。本试验以‘郑单958’为材料,采用常规植株养分测试和产量性状分析方法,进行不同养分处理下植株各生育时期氮磷钾含量和成熟期产量测定。与不施肥空白对照(CK)相比,氮磷钾均衡施肥处理(T)和分别减施氮素处理(T-N)、磷素处理(T-P)及钾素处理(T-K),显著增加各生育时期、生育阶段和全生育期的植株氮、磷和钾的积累量,提高吸收速率、产量、穗粒数和千粒重。T-N、T-P和T-K植株氮磷钾积累量、吸收速率和产量较处理T显著降低,其中以T-N减幅最大,T-P次之,T-K最小。各处理植株生育期间氮磷钾吸收速率呈单峰曲线,氮磷吸收高峰为大口—吐丝期,钾吸收高峰为拔节—大口期。不同处理每生产100 kg 籽粒吸收N为2.07 ~ 2.81 kg、P2O5为0.67~0.83 kg、K2O为2.21~2.52 kg,各施肥处理生产单位籽粒的氮、磷和钾量高于CK。本研究表明,适宜氮磷钾肥配施,具有改善生育期间植株养分积累、提高植株养分含量、增强植株干物质积累和产量形成的作用。  相似文献   

12.
A field experiment was carried out on maize (Zea mays, L.) to study the effects of different fertilizer management on nitrogen status in soil and plant response. Three different fertilizers, mineral (MN), mineral plus buffalo manure (MN + BM) and organo-mineral with peat (OMP), were added at the usual (140, 61 and 116 kg ha−1) and the reduced (70, 31 and 58 kg ha−1) rates of N, P and K. respectively. Soil samples were analyzed for N by both the Kjeldahl method and the electro-ultrafiltration technique (EUF). The soil Kjeldahl-N concentrations were scarcely affected by the different fertilizer treatments, while the EUF-N concentrations were closely correlated with the amounts of N added. The EUF also discriminated between the NO3-N and the sum of the ammonium and the easily extractable organic N forms (EUF-Norg + NH4). The largest proportions of EUF-Norg + NH4 were found in the untreated plots and in the plots treated with buffalo manure. The different fertilizer treatments significantly affected grain yield, which ranged from a minimum of 6.3 t ha−1 from the untreated plots, to a maximum of 11.9 t ha−1 from those supplied with 140 kg N, 61 kg P and 116 kg K ha−1 by OMP fertilizer. The highest agronomic efficiency index for N was exhibited in the OMP treatment at the reduced rate. The grain yield was closely correlated with the total extractable EUF-N, but different relationships were found between the rate of N added, the level of EUF-NO,-N in soil and grain yield for the different fertilizer treatments.  相似文献   

13.
Rice–wheat cropping system to which graded levels of NPK fertilizers had been applied for 20 years were compared for yield trends, and changes in response function, soil organic-C and available N, P, K and S status. This study of system in which only chemical fertilizers had been used over a long period enabled long-term yield declines of rice and wheat at different levels and combinations of NPK fertilizers to be evaluated. The highest rate of yield decline in both rice and wheat was found when 120 kg ha−1 N was applied alone. The lowest rate of decline was observed when all three nutrients (N, P and K) were applied, at 40, 35 and 33 kg ha−1 for N, P and K, respectively, followed by 120, 35 and 33 kg ha−1 (currently recommended levels). The yield response of rice and wheat to N fertilizer declined over the 20 years, with a higher rate of decline in wheat. In contrast, the response to applied P and K increased with time in both crops, with a higher response rate in wheat. With continuous application of N and P fertilizers, there was a marginal change in available N and K in the soil over time, but an approximately 3-fold increase in available P and an approximately 2-fold increase in available S were obtained by regular dressing of P fertilizer (SSP: 7 % P, 12 % S) over 20 years. The results revealed that balanced, high doses of NPK fertilizers are required to maintain soil fertility and raise grain yields.  相似文献   

14.
氮磷钾配施对小麦植株养分吸收利用和产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
采用大田试验,研究了不同氮水平与磷、钾配施对小麦植株氮磷钾含量、土壤速效氮磷钾含量和产量的影响。结果表明,在低氮（135kg N/hm 2）、中氮（225kg N/hm 2）和高氮（315kg N/hm 2）与2个磷钾用量（P2O5-K2O,90-120、135-180kg/hm 2）处理组合中,各处理不同生育时期植株干重、氮钾含量、氮钾累积量随供氮水平提高而增高;等氮条件下,增施磷钾使植株含氮量降低,植株氮、磷和钾累积量随磷钾用量增加而增多。各施肥处理生育期间土壤碱解氮含量呈波动性变化,表现为起身期较冬前降低,起身至开花期不断增高,开花期至灌浆期明显下降,灌浆期至成熟期有所回升的特征。随生育进程,各处理土壤速效磷含量不断降低,土壤速效钾含量呈“V”字形变化,在开花期达到谷底。高氮水平各生育时期的土壤速效磷、钾含量低于低氮处理;等氮水平下增施磷、钾肥处理的土壤速效磷、钾含量提高。单位面积穗数随供氮增多而增加,穗粒数和千粒重以中氮处理最高;产量表现与穗数相似,但中、高氮处理差异较小。等氮水平下,增施磷钾可明显改善各产量构成因素和产量。随供氮增多,单位氮素生产子粒能力降低,氮肥利用率下降;单位磷、钾素生产子粒能力随氮素用量增多呈低—高—低变化。研究表明,中氮（225kg N/hm 2）配施磷钾（P2O5-K2O,90-120kg/hm 2或135-180kg/hm 2）有利于调节生育期间土壤养分供应,改善植株养分吸收、干物质生产和产量形成能力。  相似文献   

15.
粒用高粱养分吸收、产量及品质对氮磷钾营养的响应   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
基于2011—2012年在山西省农业科学院东阳农业试验基地的大田定位试验,2013年在高粱/玉米轮作体系下,以晋杂23高粱[Sorghum bicolor(L.)Moench]为试料,设置NPK、PK、NK、NP和CK(不施肥)5个施肥处理,每个处理3次重复,采用随机区组排列,研究土壤养分耗竭条件下氮磷钾肥对粒用高粱生长、养分吸收、产量和品质的影响。结果表明,出苗后76 d,NPK、PK、NK和NP处理最大叶叶面积分别比CK增加18.7%、4.1%、17.9%和16.6%,单株总功能叶面积分别比CK处理增加54.1%、18.4%、47.4%和48.2%;整个生育期施肥处理对叶片生物量有显著影响。自出苗后121 d,各施肥处理对茎干物质累积具有显著影响。NPK、PK、NK和NP处理籽粒产量分别比CK增加了93.8%、35.5%、91.2%和78.1%。自出苗后100 d,CK和PK处理叶片中的N含量显著低于NPK、NK和NP处理,此时CK和NK处理显著降低了叶片中P含量。在收获期,CK处理显著降低了籽粒中N含量。CK、PK和NP处理提高了直链淀粉含量,而支链淀粉含量下降,导致直链/支链比值相应增加。施氮肥处理(NPK、NP、NK)的籽粒蛋白质含量明显高于CK和PK处理;NPK处理分别提高了73.9%和40.3%。NPK处理籽粒单宁含量比CK和PK处理分别提高15.6%和22.7%。研究表明,不施肥和不施氮肥显著降低了粒用高粱植株生长、干物质积累、籽粒产量、氮磷养分吸收以及籽粒中支链淀粉、蛋白质和单宁含量,不施肥和不施氮对高粱的影响明显大于不施磷或不施钾,平衡施肥有利于粒用高粱产量的提高和品质的改善。  相似文献   

16.
Environmental and economic considerations require the effective use of water and nutrients to elevate grain production in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with concomitant reduction in nitrate leaching to minimize contamination of underground water. We determined the effect of the root system on leaching fraction, leachate N concentration, and N, P and K uptake using bread wheat ‘Pavon 76’ and its three near‐isogenic translocation lines: Pavon 1RS.1AL, Pavon 1RS.1BL and Pavon 1RS.1DL. These genotypes were grown in sand‐tube experiments under optimum and low level of nutrients for 2 years. Root, stem and leaves, and grain N, P, and K content, and agronomic characters were measured. Leaching fraction and leachate nitrate concentration were measured at early tillering, booting and early grain filling. Significant main effects for year, nutrient level and genotype were found for the characters. Genotype × N interaction was significant only for root P content. Genotype × year interaction was significant only for plant N content, root P content and plant P content. Genotype × year × N interaction was significant only for root N uptake efficiency. Thus, genotypic means averaged across years and nutrient levels are reported. Low levels of nutrients (1330, 235 and 793 mg vs. 1915, 375 and 1268 mg N, P and K, respectively) reduced mean root biomass, plant biomass and grain yield by 27 %, 25 %, and 19 %, respectively. The translocation lines produced 31–46 % more root biomass, 11–14 % heavier grains and 6–8 % greater grain yield than Pavon 76. Leaching fraction was higher under low level of nutrient at booting and grain filling. Leaching fraction at tillering, booting, and grain filling was 67%, 42% and 25%, respectively. Leaching fraction at early tillering was lower for Pavon 1RS.1AL (39 %) and Pavon 1RS.1DL (40.5 %) than for Pavon 76 (45.3 %). Leachate nitrate concentration was lower for two translocation lines at all three stages of plant growth compared to Pavon 76. The correlation coefficient between plant N content and root biomass, between plant N content and plant biomass, and between grain yield and root biomass was positive and significant. Significant positive correlation was found between root biomass and P and K uptake. Multiple small applications of N fertilizer during early plant growth with adequate irrigation water are recommended. Wheat genotypes with superior root characteristics for efficient nutrient uptake, especially during tillering and booting, should be developed in breeding programmes to increase grain yield and to minimize the nitrate leaching.  相似文献   

17.
水稻施用控释肥料生长效应研究   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11  
通过盆栽试验研究了5种控释肥的氮素释放规律、水稻生长效应及养分利用率。结果表明,控释肥BCUF、BNF、BLF处理在水稻移栽后的前30 d内氮素养分释放量高,中后期氮素供应充足,成穗率高、实粒数多,较对照SRSF处理产量分别增长21.56%、6.36%和5.51%,氮素利用率分别增加69.76%、23.62%和15.23%,磷素利用率分别增加28.24%、7.49%和10.95%,钾素利用率分别增加21.53%、10.03%和19.02%。而控释肥BTF和BAF处理因养分的释放过于缓慢,限制了分蘖增长和穗发育,以致穗数、实粒数显著减少,较SRSF处理产量分别降低9.15%和28.66%,养分利用率也显著降低。  相似文献   

18.
为了探讨玉米秸秆全量还田下氮磷钾肥运筹方式对小麦产量及构成因素的影响,以冬小麦‘皖麦52’为试验材料,在长期小麦-玉米连作试验地上对一年玉米秸秆全量还田下不同氮磷钾肥运筹方式进行了研究。结果表明,一年秸秆全量还田除对小麦千粒重影响显著外,对产量及其他构成影响均不显著,同时随施氮量的增加千粒重呈下降趋势,千粒重最高的处理是N24P12K12(41.5 g);不同氮磷钾肥运筹方式对小麦产量影响极显著,产量最高的施氮水平为N30P12K12(8572.5 kg/hm2),施磷水平为N36P18K12(9028.5 kg/hm2),施钾水平为N36P12K12(8500.5 kg/hm2),除钾肥运筹对穗数影响达显著水平外,对其他产量构成影响均达极显著水平;秸秆还田与施氮互作对小麦产量及其构成影响不显著,与施磷互作除对穗粒数影响达显著水平外,对产量及其他构成影响均达极显著水平;与施钾互作除对小麦产量及穗粒数影响达显著水平外,对其他构成影响均不显著。  相似文献   

19.
Knowledge of optimum fertilization for com production is required to increase crop yields while minimizing fertilizer costs. Field experiments were carried out from 1988 to 1993 to study the effects of fertilizer N rates on yield and N concentration of corn ( Zea mays L.) grain on a clay soil in Quebec. Grain yields and grain N concentrations generally followed a exponential relationship with increasing N fertilizer rates. The critical grain N concentration, defined as that associated with the highest grain yield, occurred at 285 kg N ha-1 for all years except 1969 when it occurred at 170 kg N ha-1. The critical grain N concentrations and grain yields over the years were found to be linearly related. The relationship between the critical grain N concentration and grain yield could serve as a diagnostic tool for N applications.  相似文献   

20.
稻麦连作中超高产栽培小麦和水稻的养分吸收与积累特征   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
以2个小麦品种和2个水稻品种为材料,大田种植,稻麦连作,重复2年, 设置超高产栽培和当地高产栽培两种栽培模式,旨在探明超高产栽培小麦和水稻养分吸收与积累特征。超高产栽培中,采用实地氮肥管理及水稻轻干湿交替灌溉和小麦控制土壤水分灌溉等关键技术。与当地高产栽培(小麦产量< 8 t hm-2,水稻产量< 10 t hm-2)相比,超高产栽培(小麦产量> 9 t hm-2,水稻产量> 12 t hm-2)小麦和水稻的氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)总吸收量显著增加,并表现为拔节前的吸收和积累量显著降低,拔节至开花、开花至成熟的吸收积累量显著提高。超高产栽培的N、P、K的总吸收量,小麦分别为265、58和256 kg hm-2,水稻分别为256、79和321 kg hm-2。上述3种元素于生育中后期(拔节至成熟)的吸收量占总吸收量的比例,小麦为50%~60%,水稻为60%~-70%。超高产栽培显著提高了N、P、K偏生产力(产量/N、P、K施用量)、养分吸收的养分籽粒生产率(籽粒产量/成熟期植株N、P、K吸收量)和养分收获指数(籽粒N、P、K吸收量/成熟期植株N、P、K吸收量),降低了生产单位籽粒产量的养分吸收量(成熟期植株N、P、K吸收量/籽粒产量)。本研究结果显示,超高产栽培小麦和水稻养分吸收与积累具有生育前期较低、生育中期和后期较高的特点,且养分吸收利用效率提高。  相似文献   

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