共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 484 毫秒
1.
小麦育种亲本材料遗传多样性的SSR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了明确目前中国小麦育种亲本材料间的遗传关系,为育种工作提供有益信息,利用74对SSR引物对103份小麦主要亲本材料进行了遗传多样性分析,共检测出298个等位位点,每对引物等位位点数在2～14之间,平均为4.03个.位点多态信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.020～0.899,平均为0.429.品种(系)间遗传相似系数(GS)变幅为0.369～0.948,平均值为0.636.74对SSR标记能将103份小麦品种(系)分为五大类.聚类分析结果与品种系谱来源及地域比较吻合. 相似文献
2.
部分旱地小麦品种(系)遗传多样性的SSR分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确旱地小麦品种(系)间的遗传关系,利用SSR标记技术对50份旱地小麦品种(系)进行遗传差异分析.结果表明,27对引物共检测出127个等位位点,每对引物可检测到的等位位点在2～8个之间,平均4.7个.品种间的遗传相似系数变幅为0.46～0.89,平均为0.68,其中西农811与西农928间的遗传相似性最高,遗传相似系数高达0.89;山农16与西农961问的遗传相似性最低,遗传相似系数为0.46.所选引物可以将全部品种区分开来,50个品种可分为8个类群,分类结果与品种系谱比较吻合. 相似文献
3.
部分美国及我国小麦品种的遗传多样性分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为了比较美国及我国小麦品种的遗传多样性,选用55对SSR引物对引自美国的67份小麦品种及我国黄淮麦区推广面积较大的17个品种进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,67份美国小麦品种共检测到443个等位变异,单个引物位点的等位变异为2～24个,平均每个位点8.10个,各位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.11～0.92,平均为0.59;黄淮麦区小麦品种共检测到266个等位变异,单个引物位点的等位变异为2～9个,平均每个位点4.82个,PIC变幅为0.10～0.84,平均为0.55。67个美国小麦品种A、B、D三个基因组的平均等位变异与平均PIC值大小分别为:B(8.60)>D(7.88)>A(7.63)和B(0.62)>A(0.58)>D(0.56);黄淮麦区17个小麦品种三个基因组的平均等位变异与平均PIC值大小分别为:B(5.30)>A(5.10)>D(3.94)和B(0.58)>A(0.57)>D(0.48)。聚类分析结果表明,55对SSR引物能将84份材料区分开来,并分为六大类,15个国内小麦品种被聚为一类,中国春自成一类,其余材料被聚为四类。由此可知,美国小麦品种的遗传多样性较高,与黄淮麦区小麦品种的遗传差异较大。 相似文献
4.
小偃6号及其衍生品种(系)遗传多样性的SSR分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为深入了解小偃6号及其衍生品种(系)的遗传特性,为育种工作中合理利用小麦育种骨干亲本提供理论依据,利用22对SSR引物分析了小偃6号及其衍生品种(系)共54份材料的遗传多样性。在54份材料中共检测到133个等位变异,等位变异数目在3~15个之间,每个位点上平均有6.05个等位变异。22对引物多态性信息含量(PIC)变化幅度为0.2606~0.8579,平均为0.6529。54份材料间的遗传相似性系数(GS)在0.549~0.962之间,平均为0.747,表明品种间遗传差异较小。用非加权配对算术平均法UPGMA将54份材料分为四类,聚类结果较好地反映了品种(系)间的亲缘关系。 相似文献
5.
中国西南地区小麦品种(系)遗传多样性的SSR分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
为了给中国西南地区小麦新品种选育以及杂种优势研究提供依据,采用微卫星分子标记(SSR)对2005～2006年西南地区参加国家小麦区试及预试的33个小麦品种(系)进行了遗传多样性分析,筛选出24对扩增谱带稳定的引物,共检测到126个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因3～11个,平均5.25个.33个品种(系)之间的遗传相似系数为0.373～0.794,平均为0.597.品种间遗传相似系数变幅较大,表明西南麦区小麦品种(系)间存在着不同程度的遗传多样性差异.用UPGMA法可将33个品种(系)分为6个类群,聚类结果在一定程度上反映了它们之间的亲缘关系. 相似文献
6.
为了给中国西南地区小麦新品种选育以及杂种优势研究提供依据,采用微卫星分子标记（SSR）对2005～2006年西南地区参加国家小麦区试及预试的33个小麦品种（系）进行了遗传多样性分析,筛选出24对扩增谱带稳定的引物,共检测到126个等位基因变异,每对引物检测等位基因3～11个,平均5．25个。33个品种（系）之间的遗传相似系数为0．373～0．794,平均为0．597。品种间遗传相似系数变幅较大,表明西南麦区小麦品种（系）间存在着不同程度的遗传多样性差异。用UPGMA法可将33个品种（系）分为6个类群,聚类结果在一定程度上反映了它们之间的亲缘关系。 相似文献
7.
江苏淮北地区小麦品种资源遗传多样性的SSR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确江苏淮北地区小麦品种资源的遗传基础,选用31对SSR标记对107份近年来淮北地区所育小麦材料进行了遗传多样性分析,共检测出170个等位变异,单个引物的等位变异数为3~8个,平均为5.48个;位点多态性信息含量变幅为0.176~0.791,平均为0.543;3个基因组的平均等位变异丰富度及遗传多样性指数均为DBA;江苏淮北5个地区中以徐州小麦材料的平均遗传多样性指数最高(0.613),以淮安小麦材料与江苏淮北另外4个地区的平均遗传距离最小(0.282)。聚类结果表明,品种间遗传距离变幅为0~0.935,平均为0.586,除淮麦20与华瑞0049外,SSR标记能将其他供试材料相互区分开;所有供试材料被聚为3大类,聚类结果与品种(系)的系谱来源比较吻合。 相似文献
8.
我国部分优质小麦品种遗传差异的SSR标记分析 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
为了解我国优质小麦的遗传多样性,利用108对SSR引物对36个优质小麦品种和12个来自不同生态区的普通品种进行了遗传差异分析和比较研究.结果表明,108对引物共扩增出705个等位位点,平均每个位点有6.53个等位变异,其中B染色体组位点的等位变异最多.全部48个品种的聚类结果、36个优质小麦品种的聚类结果及根据Ⅰ和Ⅳ部分同源群聚类的结果均相似,聚类结果和品种的系谱来源及地域相吻合.比较了4种有代表性的双核苷酸重复基序(CT)n、(GA)n、(GT)n、(CA)n的等位位点数目,发现小麦中这4种双核苷酸重复基序的顺序为(CT)n>(GA)n>(GT)n>(CA)n. 相似文献
9.
为了从分子水平探讨黑龙江省春小麦种质资源的遗传多样性,对黑龙江省34份不同年代主栽春小麦品种进行SSR标记分析,计算遗传相似系数(GS)和位点多态性信息含量(PIC),并利用SSR标记的数据结果对供试品种进行聚类分析.14对SSR引物共扩增出73个等位变异,平均每对引物扩增出5.2个等位变异.遗传相似系数的变化范围为0.32～0.88,总体平均值为0.64.位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.16～0.87,平均0.56.聚类分析表明,SSR标记将34个品种相互区分开并分为五大类,分类结果与品种系谱比较吻合.据此认为,SSR标记揭示出黑龙江省主栽小麦品种具有较高的遗传多样性. 相似文献
10.
四川主栽小麦品种遗传多样性的SSR标记研究 总被引：26，自引：7，他引：26
采用微卫星分子标记 (SSR)对四川省近 5 0年以来年推广面积达 6 6 70 0 hm2 (10 0万亩 )以上的 4 0个主栽小麦品种的遗传多样性进行了研究。结果发现 ,在小麦全基因组 4 2条染色体臂上的 4 6个 SSR位点上 30个 SSR位点 (6 5 .2 2 % )具有多态性。这 4 6个位点共检测到 110个等位变异 ,每个 SSR位点能检测到 1～ 8个 ,平均为 2 .4个。聚类分析表明 ,SSR标记能将 4 0个品种相互区分开。品种间遗传相似系数 (GS)变幅为 0 .4 5 1～ 0 .76 7,平均 GS值为0 .6 0 1。据此认为 ,SSR标记揭示出四川主栽小麦品种具有较高的遗传多样性。各年代间 GS值变化趋势分析表明 ,2 0世纪 70年代后 ,四川小麦的遗传多样性呈明显的下降趋势 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
19.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
20.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献