共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 64 毫秒
1.
利用AFLP标记及克隆测序技术对太空诱变玉米雄性不育突变体的基因组DNA进行分析,寻找与不育性状紧密连锁的分子标记。在供试的56对引物中,32对引物能够扩增出稳定、清晰的条带,4对引物能够在不育株和可育株之间扩增出多态性条带。通过对多态性片段的回收、克隆测序及序列分析结果表明,不育株特有的条带(Zmd1-302)与玉米基因组的克隆(AC187265)和玉米雄配子cDNA文库中的EST序列(gi33771201)同源性都很高,推测该片段和玉米太空诱变核不育之间的育性差异有关。将具有多态性的AFLP标记转化为SCAR标记,3对SCAR引物在8个不育单株和8个可育单株中均有扩增,通过聚丙烯凝胶电泳未检测到不育和可育之间的长度多态性,序列比对分析发现不育与可育之间存在多个单碱基差异。 相似文献
2.
甘蓝型油菜核不育基因的RAPD标记 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
用Ｏｐｅｒｏｎ公司ＯＰＡ－０１－ＯＰＪ－２０ ２００个１０碱基对随机序列引物对甘蓝型油菜隐性核不育株涪优Ａ和可育株涪优Ｂ、显性核不育株３７Ａ和可育株３７Ｂ、广恢系ＤＧＣＲ９８－３７５２、ＲＧＣＲ９７－１及Ｆ１材料基因组ＤＮＡ进行ＲＡＰＤ扩增,共获得１３３４条扩增带,平均每引物扩增带约６．７条扩增带表明甘蓝型油菜存在遗传多样性,引物ＯＰＡ－０５、ＯＰＡ－０９、ＯＰＡ－１２、ＯＰＡ－１３、ＯＰＡ－２０ 相似文献
3.
水稻显性核不育及其恢复性的遗传规律研究 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
对萍乡显性核不育水稻的遗传规律进行了研究,结果表明该不育材料的育性是由两对显性核基因Ms和Rf互作控制的。其中Ms是显性不育基因,Rf是显性上位基因。两者共同存在时,显性上位基因能抑制显性不育基因的表达,从而使育性表现可育。其不育群体的遗传组成为Msmsrfrf+msmsrfrf或MsMsrfrf+MsMsRfRf,恢复系基因型为msmsRfRf。 相似文献
4.
《中国油料作物学报》2016,(6)
已有研究表明经一定高温处理后,甘蓝型油菜隐性上位互作核不育9012A系统中纯合型不育株稳定彻底,而杂合型不育株发生育性转换,并具有一定的自交结实性。利用这一特性,本研究提出了纯合两用系9012AB的同型临保系选育新策略。以9012AB中不育株为轮回亲本,临保系204TAM为供体亲本进行回交转育。F_1、BC_(1-2)均为不育株群体,从中选择与9012AB相似的不育单株经35℃光照持续处理15h后,用其中育性转换株与9012AB中不育株进行回交转育。在BC3群体中选择与9012AB同型的不育单株,经同样高温胁迫处理后,从育性转换株自交后代的可育株群体中选育出9012AB的同型临保系9012TAM。 相似文献
5.
以甘蓝型油菜显性核不育杂合两型系的不育株沪油15A为母本,与恢复系HF03杂交,F1群体全部表现为可育。在该杂交组合的6个F3群体中有5个群体发生育性分离。其中区号为04-4307的F3群体发生育性和花瓣色泽的分离,表现为70株鲜黄花可育、22株鲜黄花不育、30株橙黄花可育、9株橙黄花不育。根据油菜显性核不育和橙黄花的遗传规律,04-4307出现3:1育性分离,说明该群体由基因型为MsMsRfrf的单株自交获得。从04-4307群体中选橙黄花可育株自交,并与橙黄花不育株作兄妹交,后代全部表现为橙黄花(y1y1y2y2)。其中区号为05-4356的兄妹交组合出现1:1育性分离;其父本的可育株自交出现3:1育性分离。由此推断,05-4356的兄妹交组合就是显性核不育橙黄花纯合两型系,其不育株基因型为MsMsrfrfy1y1y2y2,可育株基因型为MsMsRfrfy1y1y2y2。 相似文献
6.
7.
本实验采用国家鉴定茶树品种丹桂自然杂交F1代12个新品(株)系DNA为模板,对60对茶树SSR分子标记引物进行筛选,其中12对引物PCR产物电泳结果较为理想,条带清晰、多态性丰富。其他48对引物没有多态性,或者条带模糊无法统计,或者扩增不出任何条带。从已筛选出的多态性引物中随机挑选2对引物D02、D08,对丹桂自然杂交FI代59个新品(株)系做PCR扩增,电泳检测能获得条带清晰、多态性丰富的胶图,说明筛选获得的12对多态性SSR引物可用于遗传多样性或亲缘关系等分子生物学实验。 相似文献
8.
甘蓝型油菜不育系20118A为三隐性上位互作遗传模式,其不育性受两对重叠隐性不育基因(a和b)与一对隐性上位抑制基因(rf)互作控制。rf基因纯合时对a和b基因起抑制作用,使油菜育性恢复,可用于核不育三系法育种。为缩短临保系的育种周期,本文利用一个20118A与其临保系M-6029的BC1分离群体获得了7个与rf连锁的AFLP（扩增片段长度多态性）标记,构建了局部连锁图,图距在3cM～17cM。其中距rf最近（3cM）的标记为EA10MC03。用引物对F3和R3成功地将EA10MC03转化成SCAR(序列特异性扩增区)标记,能区分杂合型Rfrf单株和纯合型RfRf单株,为分子标记辅助选择隐性核不育临保系奠定了基础。 相似文献
9.
利用低芥酸油菜雄性不育材料117AB为母本与双低品种(系)杂交,通过F_2可育株自交测硫甙,F_3可育株与不育株成对测交或F_3可育株再测硫甙,F_4成对测交,能有效地选育出具有较优良性状的双低隐性胞核不育系。再以此双低不育系为母本与双低优良品种(系)杂交,在F_2或F_3成对测交,亦能选育出双低不育系。经过1988至1992年4年7代的选育,育成具有较优良性状的双低隐性胞核不育材料W—6AB、204AB、C—9AB、388AB、4470AB、4422AB等,1992年进入组合配制和产量比较试验。 相似文献
10.
红麻SRAP、ISSR遗传连锁图构建的初步研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
应用SRAP、ISSR标记构建红麻分子遗传连锁图,以半野生种Ga42（源自加纳）和栽培种阿联红麻（源自埃及）杂交产生的203株F2代分离群体作为作图群体。筛选出多态性好的27对SRAP引物组合和5个ISSR引物,对F2作图群体进行PCR扩增,共产生108个多态性条带,平均每个引物组合产生3．4个多态性条带。最多的可产生8条多态性条带。应用MAPMAKER／EXP3．0软件对108个多态性条带进行遗传连锁分析,被分为16个连锁群（LOD≥3．0）,初步构建了首张红麻遗传连锁图谱。该图谱总长为1336．6cM,平均两个标记位点间距为17．82cM。本文还讨论了图谱构建存在的偏分离有关问题与对策。可为进一步构建较高密度、分布均匀的遗传图谱及基因定位奠定了良好的基础。 相似文献
11.
12.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
14.
15.
Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
18.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
19.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献
20.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献