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1.
ZUO Wei ZHOU Hui-Zhen ZHU Xiao-Hua WANG Qiao WANG Wen-Jie WU Xiu-Qin 《土壤圈》2005,15(4):456-464
Based on related literature and this research, an ecological security evaluation from the pixel scale to the small watershed or county scale was presented using remote sensing data and related models. With the driver-pressure, state and exposure to pollution-response （DPSER） model as a basis, a conceptual framework of regional ecological evaluation and an index system were established. The extraction and standardization of evaluation indices were carried out with GIS techniques, an information extraction model and a data standardization model. The conversion of regional ecological security results from the pixel scale to a small watershed or county scale was obtained with an evaluation model and a scaling model. Two conceptual scale conversion models of regional ecological security from the pixel scale to the county scale were proposed： 1） scale conversion of ecological security regime results from plxel to small watershed; and 2） scale conversion from pixel to county. These research results could provide useful ideas for regional ecological security evaluation as well as ecological and environmental management. 相似文献
2.
基于GIS和改进型土地生态适宜性评价模型的茶叶适宜性综合评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Tea(Camellia sinensis) is one of the most valuable cash crops in southern China;however,the planting distribution of tea crops is not optimal and the production and cultivation regions of tea crops are restricted by law and custom.In order to evaluate the suitability of tea crops in Zhejiang Province,the annual mean temperature,the annual accumulated temperature above 10 C,the frequency of extremely low temperature below 13 C,the mean humidity from April to October,slope,aspect,altitude,soil type,and soil texture were selected from climate,topography,and soil factors as factors for land ecological evaluation by the Delphi method based on the ecological characteristics of tea crops.These nine factors were quantitatively analyzed using a geographic information system(GIS).The grey relational analysis(GRA) was combined with the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to address the uncertainties during the process of evaluating the traditional land ecological suitability,and a modified land ecological suitability evaluation(LESE) model was built.Based on the land-use map of Zhejiang Province,the regions that were completely unsuitable for tea cultivation in the province were eliminated and then the spatial distribution of the ecological suitability of tea crops was generated using the modified LESE model and GIS.The results demonstrated that the highly,moderately,and non-suitable regions for the cultivation of tea crops in Zhejiang Province were 27 552.66,42 724.64,and 26 507.97 km 2,and accounted for 28.47%,44.14%,and 27.39% of the total evaluation area,respectively.Validation of the method showed a high degree of coincidence with the current planting distribution of tea crops in Zhejiang Province.The modified LESE model combined with GIS could be useful in quickly and accurately evaluating the land ecological suitability of tea crops,providing a scientific basis for the rational distribution of tea crops and acting as a reference to land policy makers and land use planners. 相似文献
3.
作物根系层土壤水分模拟的经验-机理模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To predict soil water variation in the crop root zone,a general exponential recession (GER) model was developed to depict the recession process of soil water storage.Incorporating the GER model into the mass balance model for soil water,a GER-based physicoempirical (PE-GER) model was proposed for simulating soil water variation in the crop root zone.The PE-GER model was calibrated and validated with experimental data of winter wheat in North China.Simulation results agreed well with the field experiment results,as well as were consistent with the simulation results from a more thoroughly developed soil water balance model which required more detailed parameters and inputs.Compared with a previously developed simple exponential recession (SER) based physicoempirical (PE-SER) model,PE-GER was more suitable for application in a broad range of soil texture,from light soil to heavy soil.Practical application of PE-GER showed that PE-GER could provide a convenient way to simulate and predict the variation of soil water storage in the crop root zone,especially in case of insufficient data for conceptual or hydrodynamic models. 相似文献
4.
中国坡耕地分布特征与退耕还林草政策影响分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The Grain-for-Green Policy in China could not only improve China's ecological quality, but also influence grain supplies for a short term. Based on data from the detailed nationwide land use survey in 1996 and the steep cultivated land survey update in 2000, a regression model for the driving forces affecting steep cultivated lands was developed, and cluster analysis was used to identify seven steep cultivated land types in order to analyze the grain availability impact of the project with land usage estimates for 2010 and 2030. The results suggested that consecutive days with minimum daily temperature over 10 ℃ and the dominant slope in a county constrained the spatial distribution of steep cultivated lands. In terms of socioeconomic factors, steep cultivated land was a complex interaction of population size, gross domestic production level, and the richness and quality of cultivated lands having slopes less than 15°. The trends for steep cultivated land in 2010 and 2030 were forecast using a driving forces model and China's grain security criteria and showed that the Grain-for-Green Policy at the national level would not cause a grain shortage or threaten food security criteria. However, if steep sloped lands were to be retired from production, some regions would need grain supplements as early as 2010. Also, assuming that only 60% of the cultivated land at the national level was needed, population and economic development pressures in 2030 would require some steep cultivated lands to be used for grain production. 相似文献
5.
以色列南部极端干旱气候条件下裸地的水分蒸发 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Microlysimeters of different sizes(5cm 10cm and 15cm in length) were used extensively in the present study of the measurements of soil evaporation in situ in an extremely arid area in southern Israel,All of the data obtained from the microlysimeters were used to evaluate two conventional evaporation models developed by Black et al.and Ritchie,respectively.Our results indicated that the models could overestimate total cumulative evaporation by about 30% in the extremely arid environment.Reducing the power factor of the conventional model by a factor of 0.1 produced good agreement between the measured and simulated cumulative evaporation.Microlysimeter method proved to be a simple and accurate approach for the evaluation of soil evaporation. 相似文献
6.
结合统计和数字地形数据的可视化方法预测土壤深度 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
F. M. ZIADAT 《土壤圈》2010,20(3):361-367
Information about the spatial distribution of soil attributes is indispensable for many land resource management applications; however, the ability of soil maps to supply such information for modern modeling tools is questionable. The objectives of this study were to investigate the possibility of predicting soil depth using some terrain attributes derived from digital elevation models (DEMs) with geographic information systems (GIS) and to suggest an approach to predict other soil attributes. Soil depth was determined at 652 field observations over the Al-Muwaqqar Watershed (70 km2) in Jordan. Terrain attributes derived from 30-m resolution DEMs were utilized to predict soil depth. The results indicated that the use of multiple linear regression models within small watershed subdivisions enabled the prediction of soil depth with a difference of 50 cm for 77% of the field observations. The spatial distribution of the predicted soil depth was visually coincided and had good correlations with the spatial distribution of the classes amalgamating three terrain attributes, slope steepness, slope shape, and compound topographic index. These suggested that the modeling of soil-landscape relationships within small watershed subdivisions using the three terrain attributes was a promising approach to predict other soil attributes. 相似文献
7.
Sustainable agriculture evaluation model for red soil hill region of southeast China 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Agricultural sustainability for economic development is important and a complex issue throughout the world; however,it is difficult to synthetically evaluate its use in the policy making process. The objective of this study was to evaluate sustainable agriculture in the red soil hill region of Southeast China through a newly proposed method combining four separate sub-systems: regional population (P), resource (R), environmental (E), and socio-economic (S). This new index system was proposed to appraise synthetically the agricultural sustainability of the red soil hill region from 1988 to 1996 with a two-step method assessing: a) the agricultural sustainability in each province independently and b) the relative sustainability of each province to the whole region. The first step only provided a development trend for each province based on its original situation, while the second step provided additional information on the comparative status of each province in agricultural development to the region as a whole. Higher index scores were found for the economy and resource categories denoting improvement. However, lower scores in the environment category indicated the improvement was achieved at the cost of deteriorating ecological surroundings due to an increasing population that demanded more from the agro-ecosystem and put heavier pressures on it. Results also showed that water and soil losses in this region were the major obstacles encountered in sustainable agriculture development. The assessment results were verified when compared with results from another method. This suggested that the new assessment system was reliable and credible in evaluating agricultural sustainability on a regional scale. 相似文献
8.
分形模型在利用颗粒分布数据评价土壤持水性质中的应用 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Soil water retention characteristics are the key information required in hydrological modeling.Frac-tal models provide a practical alternative for indirectly estimating soil water retention characteristics from particle-size distribution data.Predictive capabilities of three fractal models,i.c.,Tylcr-Wheatcraft model,Rieu-Sposito model,and Brooks-Corey model,were fully evaluated in this work using experimental data from an international database and literature.Particle-size distribution data were firstly interpolated into 20 classes using a van Genuchten-type equation.Fractal dimensions of the tortuous pore wall and the pore surface were then calculated from the detailed particle-size distribution and incorporated as a parameter in fractal water retention models.Comparisons between measured and model-estimated water retention cha-racteristics indicated that these three models were applicable to relatively different soil textures and pressure head ranges.Tyler-Whcatcraft and Brooks-Corey models led to reasonable agreements for both coarse-and medium-textured soils,while the latter showed applicability to a broader texture range.In contrast,Rieu-Sposito model was more suitable for fine-textured soils.Fractal models produced a better estimation of water contents at low pressure heads than at high pressure heads. 相似文献
9.
伊朗一些石灰性土壤中锌解吸动态研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Desorption of zinc (Zn) from soil is an important factor governing Zn concentration in the soil solution and Zn availability to plants. Batch experiments were performed to study the kinetics of Zn desorption by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) from 15 calcareous soil samples taken from Golestan Province in northern Iran. Soils were equilibrated with 0.005 mol L-1 DTPA solutions for 0.25 to 192 h. The results showed that the extraction process consisted of rapid extraction in the first 2 h followed by much slower extraction for the remainder of the experiment. Desorption kinetic data was fitted to pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The experimental data were found to deviate from the straight line of the pseudo-first-order plots after 2 h. The model of two first-order reactions was fitted to the kinetic data and allowed to distinguish two pools for Zn: a labile fraction (Q1 ), quickly extracted with a rate constant k1 , and a slowly labile fraction (Q2 ), more slowly extracted with a rate constant k2 . The applicability of pseudo-second-order model in describing the kinetic data of Zn desorption was also evaluated. 相似文献
10.
基于带权值的模糊关联规则的土壤质量评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Fuzzy association rules (FARs) can be powerful in assessing regional soil quality, a critical step prior to land planning and utilization; however, traditional FARs mined from soil quality database, ignoring the importance variability of the rules, can be redundant and far from optimal. In this study, we developed a method applying different weights to traditional FARs to improve accuracy of soil quality assessment. After the FARs for soil quality assessment were mined, redundant rules were eliminated according to whether the rules were significant or not in reducing the complexity of the soil quality assessment models and in improving the comprehensibility of FARs. The global weights, each representing the importance of a FAR in soil quality assessment, were then introduced and refined using a gradient descent optimization method. This method was applied to the assessment of soil resources conditions in Guangdong Province, China. The new approach had an accuracy of 87%, when 15 rules were mined, as compared with 76% from the traditional approach. The accuracy increased to 96% when 32 rules were mined, in contrast to 88% from the traditional approach. These results demonstrated an improved comprehensibility of FARs and a high accuracy of the proposed method. 相似文献
11.
西藏高原生态安全评价方法与应用—以西藏自治区曲松县为例 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
用生态安全的PSR(压力-状态-响应)概念模型和层次分析法,建立了西藏曲松县生态安全评价体系,综合评价了曲松县生态安全现状.结果表明,当前曲松县生态安全状况处于预警状态,生态环境问题已成为制约当地经济发展和社会进步的主要因素.从气候变化、资源利用和人类经济活动的角度阐述造成这一严重生态环境问题的自然和社会根源,提出适合曲松县改善生态安全现状的主要途径. 相似文献
12.
以多伦地区为例,提出了荒漠化地区生态安全评价的具体指标体系和构建原则,并采用数量化原理与方法,对各指标进行了具体量级划分,利用关联度分析方法,确定了指标的系数,并提出了衡量生态安全程度的数量化指标、生态安全系数及其计算方法。以土壤养分、植被状况、水分条件和地表抗蚀性4个影响生态安全的因子确定了指标体系。以土壤有机质含量、植被盖度、降水量和土壤黏粒为生态安全评价的具体指标,计算了各个因子对生态安全的影响程度。根据土地利用情况,确定了多伦215个土地利用单元的生态安全系数,采用GIS平台得到了多伦地区的生态安全评价图。研究成果可直接为环北京防沙治沙重点工程的实施提供具体指导,研究方法可供区域生态安全评价借鉴。 相似文献
13.
[目的]以广东省清远市瑶安小流域为例,对广东省小流域综合治理的效益进行定量评价,为该省小流域综合治理和效益评价工作提供借鉴和依据。[方法]根据广东省小流域的灾害特点和治理目标及瑶安小流域的实际情况,利用层次分析法确立防洪减灾效益、水保生态效益、经济效益和社会效益等4个效益类型,选择21个具有代表性的评价指标。数据标准化后利用模糊数学综合评判法构建小流域综合治理效益评价模型。[结果](1)构建的评价指标体系和评价方法能较为全面地反映小流域治理的综合效益,适合广东省使用。(2)2007—2013年瑶安小流域的综合效益和4个单项效益均有不同程度的提高,其中防灾效益和经济效益显著提高。[结论]提出的效益评价指标体系和方法在广东省是实用可行的。综合治理后瑶安小流域防灾减灾能力得到显著提高,水土流失状况得到改善。 相似文献
14.
在相关研究成果基础上 ,从理论、技术方法、模型和案例应用等方面对区域生态安全进行系统研究。主要工作包括 :( 1)建立区域生态安全评价理论框架 ,在理论上具有探索意义 ,在实践中可为生态安全评价提供理论依据和作为生态环境管理的方法论基础 ;( 2 )通过模型技术与遥感技术等的结合应用 ,实现多特征类型因子信息提取和实现区域生态安全从像元级微观评价数值到小流域级中观评价结果的转化 ;( 3)通过GIS技术对评价结果的等级表征进行制图实现 ,客观表达了评价结果的空间特性 ,确保了本研究成果的实用性 相似文献
15.
三峡库区低山丘陵区防护林体系建设布局 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为保障三峡库区生态安全,促进区域社会经济可持续发展,在低山丘陵区水土流失发生发展规律及自然经济条件分析基础上,提出山上部生态防护林带、山中部生态经济林带和近江景观防护林带的“三带”布局技术及其具体建设模式。秭归县兰陵溪建设结果表明,流域内水土流失面积减少50%,人均年纯收入增加103.9%,形成了生态防护效益高、经济发展前景好、景观功能优的协调发展局面。 相似文献
16.
基于正态云模型的湖北省土地资源生态安全评价 总被引：9，自引：5，他引：4
针对综合指数法与模糊综合法无法同时兼顾评价指标模糊性与随机性的问题,该研究将正态云模型引入区域土地资源生态安全评价。基于正态云模型,以湖北省为例,对区域土地资源生态安全状况进行了定量测度。研究结果表明：2000-2010年间,湖北省土地资源生态安全状态从敏感级上升到良好级,土地资源生态安全综合值从2.9397上升为3.6033,区域土地资源生态安全整体水平有变好的趋势,但目前仍有部分指标处于恶劣、危险或敏感级,其单因子指标值<2.5,有待于进一步提高与改善;正态云模型使土地资源生态安全的定量评价兼顾随机性和模糊性,该研究可以为区域土地资源可持续发展提供一定借鉴与参考。 相似文献
17.
黄河中游砒砂岩地区长川流域土地利用/覆盖安全格局初探 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
生态安全是一个区域的可持续发展不致因生存空间和生态环境遭受破坏而受到威胁的状态。在诸多影响区域生态安全的因素与过程中，土地利用/覆盖及其格局的变化是影响区域生态安全最重要的方面。在黄河中游砒砂岩地区，生态环境较为敏感，以往由于土地的不合理利用，造成许多流域的植被覆盖下降、土壤侵蚀加剧、水分亏缺增大、生物多样性丧失等，严重影响到整个区域的生态安全。选择黄河中游砒砂岩地区的一个典型流域——长川流域作为研究对象，对研究区存在的实际生态问题，在综合评价流域生态安全的基础上，借助景观生态学理论，运用多目标规划方法和GIS手段，得出优化后的长川流域土地利用结构：乔木林地、灌木林地、草地和耕地所占比例分别应为3.7％、38.6％、49.4％和6.3％。在调整后的土地利用安全格局下，流域平均生态安全指数下降至0.85，整体已处于生态较安全等级。 相似文献
18.
四川省长江上游水土保持工程生态经济综合评价 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
小流域水土流失治理策略及其生态经济评价是水土保持学科的热点问题,以整个工程实施范围作为对象的研究成果鲜见报道。该文以四川省长江上游水土保持重点防治综合治理第五期工程整个治理区域为研究对象,以县级行政区内的小流域综合治理区域为评价单元,选取反映项目区社会经济和生态状况的46个指标,通过运用主成分分析法和多元线性回归分析,得出13种治理措施主成分,并对治理前后的生态经济状况进行综合评价和排序,建立了生态经济综合发展水平位次变化与治理措施主成分之间的多元线性回归模型。结果表明：不同的治理措施、治理措施实施的范围大小、实施的力度和强度是影响其对于生态经济发展水平贡献大小的主要原因。 相似文献
19.
四川紫色土地区典型小流域分布式产汇流模型研究 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
针对日益加剧的四川紫色土地区水土流失情况，为定量分析紫色土地区小流域水土流失程度，选取四川省南部县鹤鸣观小流域为研究区，在蓄满产流模型的基础上，构建了适合紫色土地区小流域分布式产汇流模型。该模型以地块为计算单元，在每个地块上输入参数，然后依据流域产汇流机制计算每个地块的产汇流量，并用递归算法将计算结果推算到流域出口，得到流域径流总量。该模型能评价流域下垫面各因子空间分布不均匀性和人类活动的影响，模拟每个地块次降雨产汇流过程。在鹤鸣观小流域进行了模型的检验与应用，模拟过程与实测结果符合较好。该研究为四川紫色土地区水土保持治理提供了科学依据。 相似文献
20.
基于“压力－状态－响应”模型的土地生态安全评价及预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1