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1.
农业生产性服务对农地经营规模的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
适度规模经营是提高农业竞争力和加快农业转型的关键举措,农业生产性服务水平是农地经营规模的重要约束条件和影响因素。为了分析农业生产性服务对农户经营规模的影响,及其不同服务对当前农地规模的影响差异,对2013—2014年期间开展的10个省份、1121个农户的调研数据进行分析。采用逐步回归的最小二乘法,对农地经营规模和农业生产性服务业进行了相关性分析。结果表明,农业生产性服务与农地经营规模有显著的正相关关系;当前农村生产性服务项目主要集中在节约劳动成本的传统服务,从农业经营规模扩大的角度看,借贷款服务、农业保险服务、土地流转服务、专业化农机服务等新型生产性服务对农业发展将产生越来越大的影响。该研究结果将为中国农村生产性服务业发展的方向和重点提供借鉴。 相似文献
2.
中国农业院校图书馆信息咨询服务与其他类型图书馆、情报机构相比,整体服务水平较低,提升中国农业院校图书馆信息服务能力已迫在眉睫。为此,利用网络调查法,针对10所农业院校图书馆信息服务现状的调查及调查结果分析,指出中国农业院校图书馆需要建立大资源与服务大发展体系、多元化服务方式体系、信息公共服务能力体系、合作共享体系、咨询馆员队伍建设体系、新技术支持体系、营销整合体系等手段,改善中国农业院校图书馆信息服务的生存状态。 相似文献
3.
关于系统耦合理论的探讨 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
系统耦合理论是近年来研究的热点问题。以农牧交错带为例,针对在生态经济系统目前该理论的定量化方面研究不足的事实,提出用能值方法考虑农牧交错带系统耦合的机制,并指出农牧交错带系统耦合机制应建立在土地利用方式、子系统间能值转化过程和生态系统的能值储备上;同时影响系统耦合机制的主要因素有初级生产力的大小、畜牧业的内部结构和畜牧业的发展规模以及生态系统服务价值的大小。还探讨性地提出系统耦合度的概念化公式,期望能更好地应用并发展这一理论。 相似文献
4.
对民政部极力推荐的TX社区调查表明,为增加农村公共服务数量、改善结构,建立公共服务供给的长效机制,弥补政府与市场的缺陷,必须发挥社区的平台作用,构筑农村公共服务社区化模式。文章介绍了TX社区公共服务社区化经验,并得出了几点启示：走“内源式”的发展道路,构建有效的公共服务社区化运作机制,积极运用社会资本,合理界定政府与社区权责边界。 相似文献
5.
Environmental and development discourses in China can be categorised into three narrative motifs framing human–nature relationships: peasant, indigenous, and community. Indigenous and community narratives have been widely adopted by environmental NGOs (eNGOs) in China in promoting community‐based natural resource management projects, but there has been very limited critical research on such phenomena. Analysis of socio‐economic change in two ethnic minority communities in Yunnan shows that neither narrative theme is fully internalised by the relevant communities. Instead narratives may be strategically modified or even rejected by local communities. This is due to different agendas being held by local communities and eNGOs, and two factors pertinent to rural China: the incompatibility of concepts of ‘community’ in Chinese and international contexts results in confusion, and a lack of recent territorial and cultural claims by rural communities since the collectivist era makes it difficult to construct the identity of a community. It remains challenging for eNGOs in China to advocate either community or indigenous narratives in contexts of rapid socio‐economic change. 相似文献
6.
随着中国对“三农”问题的日趋重视以及社会主义新农村建设战略的出台,农业、农村、农民问题成为中国政府当前及今后工作的重中之重。“三农”问题的根本解决取决于多方面因素,大力提高农业信息服务的水平和效率无疑对于“三农”问题的最终解决有巨大的助力作用。为了推动中国农业信息服务的发展,切实提高农业信息服务的水平和效率,笔者运用比较分析的方法对中国农业信息服务进行营销创新的可能和重要性进行了深刻剖析,从营销学的角度探讨了中国农业信息服务理念、方式的创新,最后提出了农业信息服务的营销对策。 相似文献
7.
有机肥对土壤微生物群落特征影响的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤微生物是评价土壤健康的关键指标，农业生产中，施肥提高土壤肥力和粮食产量的同时也深刻地改变着土壤微生物的生存环境。在农业生产发展和推广有机肥的基本政策下，研究有机肥料对土壤微生物的影响有利于全面、客观评价有机肥对土壤健康的意义。中国自20世纪70、80年代，布局了一批长期定位施肥试验，基于这些研究结果，对土壤微生物研究发展变化趋势及环境影响因素进行研究，阐述了有机肥在提高土壤微生物生物量和构建群落结构方面的积极效应，探讨了有机培肥对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响。总的来说，有机肥改变土壤微生物群落多样性和碳源利用特征，提高土壤细菌真菌比，增加古菌、固氮微生物和氨氧化微生物等功能微生物菌群丰度，抑制土壤病原菌的活性，从而起到提高土壤碳氮代谢活性和维护土壤健康的作用。有机肥构建土壤微生物群落结构的途径主要是引起土壤pH、养分含量、团聚结构、酶的活性等理化性质的改变，以及自身携带的外源微生物、抗生素、重金属等对土壤微生物群落特征的影响。施用有机肥时应综合考虑土壤条件、作物类型和肥料种类等因素。今后，可以通过新的生物技术深入挖掘微生物功能特性及作用机制，同时开发安全高效的新型微生物肥料，充分发挥微生物在农业绿色发展中的作用。此外，还要重视土壤健康微生物指标的开发和验证，深入开展土壤健康评价体系研究。 相似文献
8.
《Journal of Landscape Research》2017,(6)
The aging and the urban development bring a great challenge to the residential facilities of the elderly community. By exploring the layout and current situation of the elderly residential facilities in Chengdu City, this paper stressed the key points in the layout of various facilities at the macro scale. Through the deep investigation of residential districts, the paper explored the community endowment mode that is between the organization support and home-based care for the aged, and proposed 3 modes on the basis of "visiting, day care and short-stay". Considering the specific needs of the aged and the compound modes, compound community endowment mode was put forward as the future development direction of community endowment to contribute to the construction of the overall social endowment system. 相似文献
9.
现代农业是一个综合的、动态的、发展的概念。根据我国综合农业区划和现代农业发展状况，分别选择四种类型，即外向创汇型、高效集约型、节水旱作型、城郊都市型等基础好、代表性强的县（区）进行现代农业建设。 相似文献
10.
现代农业是一个综合的、动态的、发展的概念。根据中国综合农业区划和现代农业发展状况,分别选择四种类型,即外向创汇型、高效集约型、节水旱作型、城郊都市型等基础好、代表性强的县(区)进行现代农业建设。 相似文献
11.
《Netherlands Journal of Sea Research》1990,25(1-2):181-188
The nematode communities from 102 stations in the Southern Bight of the North Sea, sampled between 1972 and 1984, are examined. Overall, 456 species, belonging to 159 genera and 37 families were found.Sediment structure and chlorophyll a content were found to be determining environmental factors in the species composition of the nematode communities.Diversity is determined at different levels of the nematode community; i.e. species diversity of the whole community, species diversity of eight dominant families (Chromadoridae, Comesomatidae, Cyatholaimidae, Desmodoridae, Microlaimidae, Oncholaimidae, Thoracostomopsidae and Xyalidae), species diversity of the four feeding types, family diversity and trophic diversity within the whole community.The open sea stations are characterized by nematode communities which are comparable in terms of species diversity; the number of species S is about 30–35 per sample (sample size is about 100) with H′ between 4.00–4.50 bits/ind. The communities in the coastal stations are less diverse (S=7−22); H′=1.4−3.5 bits/ind.). The stations along the Belgian east coast have communities with low diversity (S=7; H′=1.41 bits/ind.) and with a pronounced dominance of a few species (Simpson index=0.54); the diversity within the eight families is also very low.The relationship between environmental stability (or disturbance) and stability and diversity of the nematode communities can be explained by the following factors; habitat heterogeneity, food availability, productivity, density and population growth rates. 相似文献
12.
扦插土壤微生物在茶树扦插短穗愈合生根过程中起着至关重要的作用。为探究不同类型苗圃土壤之间的真菌群落结构差异以及土壤环境因子与真菌群落结构之间的关系。本实验采用高通量测序技术对5个茶区苗圃地的非重茬表土、重茬表土、黄心土样品进行测序分析,比较不同类型扦插土壤中真菌群落多样性差异。Alpha多样性分析表明,黄心土的真菌群落的总数和多样性都低于重茬表土和非重茬表土,重茬表土和非重茬表土的真菌群落总数和多样性在不同地区存在差异。从五组土壤样品中共检测出5个门,其中优势菌群为接合菌门(Zygomycota),丰度占真菌群落的31.11%~77.00%。五组土壤样品的403个真菌菌属中,优势菌属均为未被分类的被孢霉科(unclassified_Mortierellaceae)。相关性分析表明,真菌OTU总数和物种总数Chao1与土壤有机质含量SOM有极强的相关性。本研究结果为茶树扦插土壤的选择提供了参考,也为茶树扦插土壤中病原微生物的进一步的筛选分离等研究提供了科学依据。 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Landscape Research》2015,(2)
As China enters the aging society, the old-age care problems have grown increasingly serious. Influenced by the only-child policy, traditional old-age support system fails to adapt to new social situation, the institutions have become major subjects in the future old-age support system. Researches on the elderly-fi t architectural design have achieved many fruits, but those on the landscape design of the elderly community has been less reported. This paper studied landscape design of the old-age support institutions from the perspective of both theory and practice, and tried to explore the spatial layout of environmental landscapes in the elderly community. On the basis of sorting out specifi c psychological needs of the elderly group in China and their needs for the layout of landscape spaces, this paper proposed some effective solutions in view of successful elderly communities in overseas countries, then analyzed the development of elderly communities in China, so as to fi gure out landscape design approaches capable of promoting physical and mental health of the elderly group in the old-age support institutions. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Landscape Research》2014,(Z1)
This paper argues that community ecological security(CES) includes personal security, public safety and humanistic ecological security. The personal security is to protect the resident's life and physical health, public safety means that the residents don't suffer from physical damages or property damages in daily life, and humanistic ecological security is interpreted as that ideas of harmony, fairness, balance implied in ecology are used to coordinate the social relations of settlements, alleviate the increasingly serious social problems of residential space differentiation. In light of serious community ecological safety issues in China, the corresponding measures are pointed out: road system of "separating people and vehicles"; consideration of disaster prevention and mitigation in residential space design; the community construction from culture, environment, management and service; response to the residential space differentiation. 相似文献
15.
ZHAO Jianguo LIU Cunqi LI Hongbo LUO Ning MENG Shujin ZHANG Zhihui WANG Jianghua 《Journal of Landscape Research》2019,(2):104-106
This experiment studies the influence of main climatic factors on the structure of grassland plant community under different grazing intensities, determines the influence of climatic factors on the quantitative characteristics of meadow steppe community structure changes, and explores the response and adaptation of meadow steppe biodiversity and ecosystem functions to climate changes, so as to provide a reference and basis for rational utilization and management of natural grassland and prediction of development trend of meadow steppe under global climate changes. The results showed that the correlations between grassland community characteristic index and different climatic factors were significantly different under different grazing intensities. The average temperature and annual precipitation in the critical period were the main climatic factors affecting the changes in meadow steppe community characteristics, and the sensitivity of community indexes to the changes in average temperature of the critical period was greater than that to the changes in annual precipitation. The aboveground biomass of zero grazing and moderate grading was positively correlated with the average temperature and annual precipitation during the critical period, and the correlations between aboveground biomass and environmental factors were no significant under heavy grazing. 相似文献
16.
The past decade has witnessed a blossoming of megaregional plans throughout China. However, it is still unclear whether megaregions delineated in these plans are based on a functionally integrated foundation or imagined by the government. This study takes the Central Yangtze River Megaregion (CYRM)—a cross-jurisdictional megaregion planned as a leading regional integration platform in Central China—as a case to examine the mismatch between the governmentally designated regions and functionally integrated regions. Specifically, this research employs the community detection algorithm to identify functionally integrated regions within the CYRM based on producer services networks, then associate the formation of these network-based regions with territorial factors. The results show that the integration of identified first-tier functional regions is subject to the provincial administrative divisions; whereas, the locally planned regions comply with the second-tier functionally integrated regions spatially. Besides, the regression results indicate that the territorial factors are significantly associated with the above spatial patterns. Hence, the region-making practices initiated by the local governments rather than the central government, are more consistent with the conditions of regional economic development. 相似文献
17.
为了解中国信息化建设对基层农村科技服务产生了哪些影响及未来农村科技信息服务发展还面临哪些制约因素。本研究面向农村科技服务者开展问卷调查,基于来自中国14个省级地区的调查结果,从网络认知、网络应用、上网目的、上网地点、科技网站访问频次等方面分析了基层农村科技服务者的信息行为特征,并考察了各地区应用互联网开展科技服务的现状,在此基础上从信息内容和传播方式两个层面总结了农村科技服务者对网络科技信息的需求。最后以实证研究结论为依据,从网络科技信息资源建设、传播方式建设、农村信息服务设施建设、农民信息素质提升等方面提出推进基层农村科技服务信息化发展的对策建议。 相似文献
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19.
《Journal of Landscape Research》2016,(5)
With urban development and social transformation, residential areas in some western countries have been faced with safety problems and community deterioration. In order to solve these problems through community planning, Crime Prevention through Environmental Design(CPTED) theory had been applied to practice. Rosengard residential area in Malmo, Sweden was a typical example of underclass community with physical and social problems. However, regeneration programme based on CPTED theory aimed to change the community from a problematical area to a safe and attractive neighborhood. Multidimensional analysis was carried out to illustrate the relationship between environmental improvement and security from community image, traffic system, territoriality and natural surveillance perspectives. This study could be considered as a referential approach for community construction and regeneration in China. 相似文献
20.
为揭示社区花园健康效益作用机制与影响因素，促进人群健康，激发城市活力，笔者借助中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Sience(WoS)文献数据库分析2000—2021年国内外社区花园健康效益相关研究。结果表明：（1）2000—2021年国内外研究呈显著增长趋势，国外研究多以食品健康发展研究为导向，更加关注人居环境与健康的定量和实证研究；国内研究则多以实际应用为导向，开展以规划设计和园艺活动等方面为主的场所营造。（2）社区花园健康效益作用机制及影响因素是目前国内外研究的重点，作用机制侧重于缓解精神压力、增强生理效益及增进社会交往等方面，影响因素以社区花园营建特征、生物多样性、植被类型以及管理维护为主。（3）多学科交叉生态治理、绿色发展构建低碳健康人居环境是未来热点研究领域。 相似文献