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以山西朔州地区的小黑杨人工林为研究材料,研究不同栽植密度(1 000、500、250株·hm-2)对小黑杨木材解剖特性的影响.结果表明:栽植密度对纤维宽度、双壁厚、导管比量、胞壁率、导管个数、导管弦向直径的影响达极显著水平;对壁腔比的影响达显著水平;对纤维长度、长宽比、纤维比量、射线比量虽有一定的影响,但不显著.栽植密度与纤维宽度、导管直径呈负相关关系,与导管个数和比量呈正的相关关系.栽植密度对纤维形态的径向变异有不同程度的影响,但不改变纤维形态变异的一般规律.纤维长度的径向变异为从髓心至树皮向外逐渐增加,到第12 轮达到最大值后略有下降,纤维宽度、长宽比、双壁厚、腔径的径向变异类似于纤维长度;壁腔比的总体径向变异为沿髓心向外,呈先升后降的波动性变异趋势. 相似文献
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对8个尾巨桉家系木材的S2层微纤丝角和组织比量进行了系统研究.结果表明：（1）S2层微纤丝角自髓心向外呈缓慢的减小趋势.（2）导管组织比量径向上呈递增趋势,随后在第5至第11生长轮间略有降低或基本保持平稳;纤维组织比量从髓心向外的数个生长轮内变异规律不明显,近树皮处有上升或下降的现象;木射线组织比量随树龄的增加而减小,以后又呈波动性的增加或基本保持稳定;轴向薄壁组织比量径向上变动幅度较大,无一定规律.（3）家系间及家系内个体间的组织比量在个体水平上分布范围较广,呈正态分布,开展个体选择的潜力大.（4）S2层微纤丝角和纤维长度间存在一定负相关,但关系密切程度比针叶材低. 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(10)
【目的】通过揭示不同树种桉树的木材纤维特性及其变异规律,为桉树的定向培育和木材合理加工利用提供参考依据。【方法】以广西国有东门林场6种桉树(细叶桉、赤桉、巨桉、尾叶桉、粗皮桉、大花序桉)为研究对象,借助数码显微图像电脑分析系统,对6种桉树木材的纤维长度、宽度、腔径和双壁厚四大纤维特性指标进行了测试,并分析其在径向和纵向上的变异规律和差异显著性。【结果】1)6种桉树在1.3 m树高处的纤维长度平均值在916～1 129μm之间,纤维宽度平均值在14.86～19.06μm之间,纤维腔径平均值在4.22～8.03μm之间,纤维双壁厚平均值在8.40～12.74μm之间;2)6种桉树自髓心向外,各木材纤维长度和纤维双壁厚先随树龄的增加而增大,之后趋于稳定;木材纤维宽度随着树龄的增加而略有增加;木材纤维腔径均随着树龄的增加而逐渐减少。6种桉树纤维长度、纤维宽度和纤维双壁厚随着树干高度增加总体变化幅度都不大,基本在一中心线上下波动;6种桉树木材纤维腔径均随着树高的增加总体呈减小趋势;3)经方差分析表明,6种桉树多数纤维特性指标随树龄的变化表现出极显著的差异性,少数纤维特性指标随树高的变化表现出极显著的差异性。【结论】6种桉树树种的纤维长度、宽度、腔径和双壁厚尺寸有所差异,但在同一纤维特性指标中,6个树种在径向或纵向上的变异规律基本一致,大花序桉的纤维长度、宽度和双壁厚均明显大于其它5个树种,相对具有更大的开展实木加工利用的潜在价值。 相似文献
5.
人工林杉木和杨树木材物理力学性质的株内变异研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
按照中国国家标准研究杉木和I-214杨树木材的抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度和密度,同时按照日本国家标准研究2个树种的顺纹抗剪强度.结果表明:杉木的抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度和密度由胸高直径处向上呈波浪形增加,抗弯弹性模量则稳定降低,但不同高度间杉木的物理力学性质没有显著差异;近树皮处木材的物理力学性质高于近髓心处木材,并有极显著差异.对于I-214杨树,只有抗弯弹性模量从髓心到树皮逐渐增加,其他的物理力学性质,最小值在从髓心到树皮的过渡区,最大值在近树皮处,从髓心到树皮,杨树的物理力学性质有极显著的差异.杉木和杨树的径面顺纹抗剪强度从髓心到树皮有极显著差异,并且近树皮的高于近髓心的木材,而弦面顺纹抗剪强度从髓心到树皮没有显著差异.木材密度与力学性质有很好的线性相关关系,木材密度是一个很好的力学强度的预测手段. 相似文献
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落羽杉种源木材微纤丝角和纤维形态的变异 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
对16个落羽杉种源的14年生人工林木材微纤丝角和木材纤维形态进行测定.结果表明:1)16个种源落羽杉木材微纤丝角存在显著差异,微纤丝角变化在29.9～35.8°之间.从径向变化看,落羽杉胸径处木材微纤丝角在髓心处最大,由髓心向外逐渐减小;从纵向变化看,微纤丝角在基干处最大,随树木高度的增加而逐渐减小.2)16个落羽杉种源木材的纤维长度和宽度均存在显著差异,纤维长度的变化在1 764.84～2 900.08 μm之间,纤维宽度的变化在28.48～51.21 μm之间,纤维长宽比的变化在42.79～82.12之间.落羽杉胸径处木材纤维形态的径向变化为纤维长度和纤维宽度从髓心到树皮逐渐增加,纵向变化规律为纤维长度和纤维宽度在树干基部较小,随树高的增加而逐渐增加.3)落羽杉木材微纤丝角与木材纤维长度呈极显著的负相关关系,与木材的纤维宽度和纤维长宽比呈一定的负相关,木材纤维长度与木材纤维宽度呈显著的正相关.4)16个落羽杉种源依据木材微纤丝角和木材纤维长度2个木材材性指标可以分为4类:第Ⅰ类,木材的微纤丝角较大,木材纤维长度中等;第Ⅱ类,微纤丝角和木材纤维长度均处于中等水平;第Ⅲ类,微纤丝角较小,木材纤维长度较长;第Ⅳ类,木材纤维长度较短,微纤丝角中等.综合考虑微纤丝角和木材纤维长度,2号和30号种源可作为纤维工业原料用材的优良种源. 相似文献
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为了解不同树龄桉树无性系木材的纤维特性，以尾巨桉DH32-26(Eucalyptus urophylla×E. grandis DH32-26)、尾巨桉DH32-29(E. urophylla×E. grandis DH32-29)和巨尾桉广林9号（E. grandis×E. urophylla GLGU9）3种桉树无性系为材料，分别测试其4年生、6年生和8年生木材的纤维长度、纤维宽度、纤维长宽比和纤维壁厚，对其木材纤维特性进行研究。结果表明，3种桉树无性系木材的纤维长度和纤维壁厚均随树龄增加逐渐增加，径向上（自髓心向外）呈增加趋势；木材纤维宽度随树龄增加略有增加，变化不大，径向上（自髓心向外）逐渐增加。3种桉树无性系木材的纤维长宽比变化规律基本一致，均随树龄增加缓慢增大后小幅度波动，径向上（自髓心向外）增大。不同树龄间，尾巨桉DH32-26和DH32-29木材纤维长度、尾巨桉DH32-26木材纤维宽度及巨尾桉广林9号木材纤维壁厚均差异极显著；巨尾桉广林9号木材纤维长度、尾巨桉DH32-29木材纤维宽度及尾巨桉DH32-26和DH32-29木材纤维壁厚均差异显著；巨尾桉广林9号木材纤维... 相似文献
9.
香梓楠树皮率、生材含水率及木材密度研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用体积法及质量法测定树皮率,排水法测定生材体积,分析研究香梓楠的树皮率、生材含水率、密度及心材率。研究结果表明:香梓楠树皮体积百分率及质量百分率总体随着树高的增加而增加,树皮体积百分率及质量百分率平均值分别为15.8%和19.8%;生材含水率,从髓心向外,北向和南向均呈减少的趋势,并随树高增加而增加,平均值为99.5%;香梓楠生材密度随树高增加而减小,平均值为0.804g·cm-3;基本密度的径向变化随树龄增加而增大,纵向变化随树高增加而减小,平均值为0.403g·cm-3;11年生香梓楠心材极少。该研究为保护、发展广西重点珍贵树种香梓楠提供了科学依据。 相似文献
10.
33年生格木人工林生材性质研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《陕西林业科技》2015,(5)
采用体积法和质量法测定树皮率、排水法测定木材体积的方法,研究了33a生格木人工林生材性质,结果表明:树皮体积百分率和树皮质量百分率随着树高的增加而增加,其平均值分别为14.22%和13.29%。心材率随着树高的增加逐渐减小,平均值为16.15%。生材密度从髓心向外,南向和北向生材密度变化规律基本一致,均呈现逐渐减小的趋势,随着树高增加呈现先减小后增大的趋势,平均值为0.893g·cm~(-3)。基本密度从髓心向外,南向无变化,北向则缓慢增加,随着树高增加呈先减小后增大的趋势,平均值为0.559g·cm-3。生材含水率从髓心向外,南向跟北向均呈减少的趋势且南北向数值基本相等,随着树高的增加呈现先增大后减小的变化趋势,平均值为62.15%。 相似文献
11.
This study investigated the dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) of wood panels of Fraxinus mandshurica, Pinus koraiensis, and Juglans mandshurica using the natural frequency measurement system of fast Fourier transform (FFT). The results were compared with the static
modulus of elasticity (E
S) tested by a mechanical test machine. The results show a significant correlation between E
S, transverse vibration DMOE (E
F), and longitudinal vibration DMOE (E
L). For all of these species, the correlation between E
S, E
F and E
L is more significant than the individual species, which indicated that the FFT method is universal. The correlations between
E
S and sample’s density (ρ) are significant, but the correlation coefficient of E
S and ρ is lower than those between E
F, E
L and E
S. The E
S of wood is more accurately tested by the analysis based on FFT measurement than by the estimation based on density.
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Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 126–131 [译自: 林业科学, 2005, 41(6): 126–131] 相似文献
12.
Bacterial blight is considered one of the most serious diseases affecting the genus Juglans. Artificial inoculations with Xanthomonas campestris pv. Juglandis were performed in the field by spraying seedlings of Juglans cinerea, Juglans hindsii, Juglans mandshurica, Juglans nigra, Juglans regia and Juglans sieboldiana. Juglans nigra, J. cinerea ana J. sieboldiana proved to be the most resistant. The multiplication ability of Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina, X. c. pv. juglandis, and X. c. pv. campestris was evaluated by injecting 2-year-old seedling leaves of J. mandshurica, J. nigra and J. regia. The bacterial growth was monitored in the infected tissue over 12 days. Xanthomonas c. pv. juglandis exhibited a high growth rate and induced black greasy spots in J. mandshurica and J. regia; X. c. pv. campestris grew in leaf tissues without inducing symptoms, X. c. pv. corylina showed a very low growth rate. None of the tested bacterial strains multiplied in the leaves of J. nigra. This confirms the results obtained in the field tests. Juglans regia was the most susceptible among the walnut species tested. 相似文献
13.
Yingcheng Hu Fenghu Wang Jiyou Gu Yixing Liu Tetsuya Nakao 《Wood Science and Technology》2005,39(6):439-447
The effects of grain angle, thickness of face veneer, and shelling ratio on dynamic modulus of elasticity (E) of veneer-overlaid particleboard composite (VOP) were examined by using nondestructive test. In this study, the possibility
that E of VOP can be predicted by means of some empirical formula was also discussed. This study has shown that grain angle, thickness
of face veneer, and shelling ratio have substantial effects on E of VOP. The E at 0° of grain angle of face veneer was the largest, decreasing rapidly with increase in the grain angle. The lowest value
of E occurred at 90° of grain angle of face veneer. The relationship between grain angle of face veneer and E of VOP can be expressed in the form of Jenkin’s and Hankinson’s equations. The orthotropic properties of wood and VOP defined
as the ratio E
0/ E
90 were 25.7 for wood and 4.7 for VOP. When the grain direction of face veneer was parallel to the length of the specimens,
the E of VOP increased with increasing shelling ratio. VOP increased E from 125 to 179% over that of the particleboard and veneer thickness from 2.1 upto 3.6 mm. However, when the grain direction
of face veneer was perpendicular to the length of the specimens, the E of VOP decreased with increasing shelling ratio. VOP decreased E from 23 to 41% over that of the particleboard and veneer thickness from 2.1 upto 3.6 mm. The relationship between E of VOP and face veneer thickness can be expressed in the form of a second-order parabolic equation. Rule of Mixture (ROM)
can be used to predict E of VOP from the E of wood element and particleboard element. 相似文献
14.
Wu Xingyin Zhang JinghuaForest Pest Control Quarantine Station of Archeng City of Heilongjiang ProvinceXiang Cunti Li Guisheng '''' Shao Zhongwen Liu Xiaoguang Ma LiyaNortheast Forestry UniversityZhang Xianwen Li Zhuo Xie Guicai Dang WenqiangArcheng Forestry Bureau of Heilongjiang Province 《林业研究》1991,2(2):7-16
The poplar bacterial canker caused by Erwinia sp is a serious disease spreading inmost parts of Northeast China,where poplars are cultivalted.The disease seriously infects thosepoplars belonging to section Aigeiros or the intersection hybrids of section Tacamahaca and section Aigeiros and their clones.Five fine poplar cultivars resistant to the bacterial canker have been ob-tained by screening tests.They are Lz_2(Populus simonii×nigra var.italica),A_(15)(P.×sp.)613(P.×sp.),A_(102)and A_(98)(P.simonii×sp.)T following chemicals are obviously effective,such as:50％DT germicide ,40％ XF-136 and 10％ C.C.M.A.or 12.5％ ramphencol and 50,000 ppm/mlvalidamycin,with which the stems or roots can be watered. 相似文献
15.
M. T. Dumas 《Forest Pathology》1992,22(1):11-18
Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas spp., Bacillus spp., Enterobacter spp., Serratia spp. and Agrobacterium radiobacter were isolated from root-free soils of the Boreal Mixedwood Forest of Ontario a, nd found to be capable of inhibiting the linear growth of Armillaria ostoyae in vitro. Isolates of P. fluorescens, Bacillus spp. and A. radiobacter were the most effective inhibitors of mycelial growth. To test the ability of the bacteria to suppress rhizomorph formation, A. gallica, which produces rhizomorphs in culture more consistently than does A. ostoyae, was used; only a small fraction of P. fluorescens and Bacillus spp. isolates were capable of preventing in vitro rhizomorph formation by A. gallica. 相似文献
16.
Summary The wood, composed of alternate earlywood and latewood lamellae, forms a statically indeterminate system with two redundants. The redundant forces are the shearing forces arising at the edge of the boundary between earlywood and latewood in the longitudinal and in the tangential directions of wood. By determining the redundant forces according to the theory of statically indeterminate systems, we know the state of stress and the state of detormation of the wood element and thus can determine its shrinkage and stresses in the longitudinal, tangential and radial directions.
Zusammenfassung Holz ist aus Früh-und Spätholzlamellen aufgebaut und bildet damit ein statisch unbestimmtes System mit zwei statisch unbestimmten Größen. Diese statisch unbestimmten Größen sind die Scherkräfte, die in longitudinaler und tangentialer Richtung an den Kanten der Grenzschicht zwischen Früh-und Spätholz entstehen. Bestimmt man die statisch unbestimmten größen nach der Theorie der statisch unbestimmten Systeme, so kennt man den Spannungs-und Verformungszustand der Gefügeteile des Holzes und ist damit in der Lage, scine Schwindung und Schwindspannungen in longitudinaler, tangentialer und radialer Richtung zu berechnen.相似文献
17.
In order to improve the efficiency of softening bamboo block when manufacturing bamboo veneer, chemistry reagents such as
NaHCO3 are often adopted during bamboo softening treatment. But the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed
that the band intensity at 1,733 cm−1, assigned to C=O stretching vibration in xylan, was reduced in the spectrum of softening-treated bamboo with NaHCO3 compared with that of not softening-treated bamboo and softening treatment of bamboo without NaHCO3. That is to say, that the hemicellulose of bamboo was destroyed after softening treatment with NaHCO3, which meant that softening treatment of bamboo with NaHCO3, is not a perfect softening treatment method. Thus, in this paper a softening technology at 120°C for 30 min in a closed
container was adopted. The results of FTIR show that there was almost no difference in FTIR spectra between no softening treatment
of bamboo and softening treatment of bamboo at 120°C for 30 min, which meant that softening treatment at 120°C for 30 min
had no effect on the composition of bamboo. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) show that T
g of not softening-treated bamboo was 120°C, while T
g of softening-treated bamboo at 120°C for 30 min was 88°C. T
g of softening-treated bamboo at 120°C for 30 min decreased by 26.7% compared with that of not softening-treated bamboo. The
results of hardness show that the hardness of bamboo strip after a softening treatment for 30 min at 120°C decreased by 42.0–54.6%
compared with that of not softening-treated bamboo. The results of hardness and DMA show that the effect of softening treatment
of bamboo at 120°C for 30 min was resultful. 相似文献
18.
Hitoshi Sakio 《Journal of Forest Research》2005,10(4):341-346
The effects of flooding on growth of seedlings were compared over a 7-month period (April–November) among six different woody species: Aesculus turbinata, Cercidiphyllum japonicum, Fraxinus platypoda, Pterocarya rhoifolia, Pterostyrax hispida, and Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata. Flooding reduced the shoot length of F. platypoda, P. rhoifolia, C. japonicum, P. hispida, and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata seedlings but did not affect that of A. turbinata seedlings. Among control seedlings, shoot elongation occurred once in A. turbinata and twice in F. platypoda and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata; the other species continued to grow from April to August. Among the flooded plants of all species, shoot elongation occurred only once at the beginning of the growing season. On August 25, flooding significantly reduced the number of developed leaves as compared with control plants except for A. turbinata. In the flooded plants except for F. platypoda, leaf fall began on June 30; in controls, by contrast, the number of developed leaves increased until August 25. Flooding reduced the total dry weight increment in all species. The survival ratio of flooded plants after the experiment differed with species. All of the F. platypoda and A. turbinata seedlings survived the flooding treatment, while only 20% of P. hispida and 30% of Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata survived. Flooding seriously affected the growth of riparian pioneer species including P. rhoifolia, C. japonicum, P. hispida, and Q. mongolica var. grosseserrata. The effects of flooding on growth of the seedlings differed with the tree species because of differences in leaf-emergence pattern and physiological flood tolerance. The responses of tree seedlings to flooding reflected species habitats and growth patterns. 相似文献
19.
Characterization of strength properties of branchwood and stemwood of some tropical hardwood species
The mechanical strength properties of the branchwood of Aningeria robusta and Terminalia ivorensis with diameters ranging from 10 to 25 cm were examined to determine the suitability of branchwood as raw material for downstream processing. The study precisely assessed the static bending strengths, compression strengths and shear strengths parallel to the grain of the branchwood and stemwood of T. ivorensis and A. robusta. It was observed that under static bending, the overall (sapwood and heartwood combined) modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity of the branchwood of A. robusta and T. ivorensis were lower than that of their corresponding stemwood. The results further show that the overall compression and shear strengths parallel to the grain of the branchwood of A. robusta and T. ivorensis were higher than that of their corresponding stemwood. Under static bending, compression parallel to the grain, and shear parallel to the grain, the experimental results indicate that the sapwood of the branchwood from both T. ivorensis and A. robusta had lower strength values than that of their corresponding heartwood. Similar results were recorded for the stemwood of T. ivorensis where the heartwood had higher strength values than the sapwood. However, in the case of the stemwood of A. robusta, the sapwood had higher strength values than the corresponding heartwood. 相似文献
20.
The plant family Cupressaceae (Coniferales) harbours diverse endophytic fungi with antifungal, antibacterial and antiproliferative activities. Here, endophytic association of a broad bacterial community with the healthy foliar tissues of Cupressus arizonica, Cupressus sempervirens, Juniperus communis and Thuja orientalis (Cupressaceae) is shown. We isolated over 69 endophytic bacterial strains of Proteobacteria, Bacilli and Actinobacteria from Cupressaceae. The initial screening for antifungal activity against Pyricularia oryzae identified eleven superior bacterial strains which were identified as Brevundimonas diminuta CAE24 (G?, Caulobacteraceae, Alphaproteobacteria); Stenotrophomonas maltophilia CAE23, CSE4, CSE12, CSE42, CSE49 and CSE62 (G?, Xanthomonadaceae, Gammaproteobacteria); Bacillus pumilus CSE66 and Bacillus subtilis POE26 (G+, Bacillaceae, Bacilli); and Microbacterium resistens CSE19 (G+, Microbacteriaceae, Actinobacteria). The dominant isolated bacterial species was S. maltophilia. This species represented 63.6% of the superior strains which was ubiquitous and also non‐host specific. In addition, the superior bacterial strains produced bioactive secondary metabolites and volatile compounds (VOCs) with antifungal activity against the fungal pathogens of Cupressaceae, that is Diplodia seriata, Phaeobotryon cupressi and Spencermartinsia viticola. The antagonistic activity of the endophytic bacteria on the target fungi was also confirmed in vitro. To our knowledge, this is the first to document such an endophytic bacterial community in Cupressaceae and its bioactivity. These findings may find application in organic agroforestry for plant disease biocontrol and in biopharmacy for lead molecule discovery. 相似文献