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从风景游憩林评价方法、评价指标两方面,系统地总结了国内外对风景游憩林景观评价现状、热点问题及发展趋势。目前,风景游憩林林内景观最主要最实用的评价方法是SBE(Scenic Beauty Estimation)法,在林分结构上主要是利用地理信息系统技术进行空间分析。随着生态林业建设的不断深入,三维立体(3D)技术结合3S和SBE研究法、芳香性观赏和疗养评价、用材林的风景游憩评价与经营技术将成为未来风景游憩林研究的热点。 相似文献
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以河南省信阳市国有南湾林场为研究区,对马尾松人工纯林改造成异龄针阔混交林林下植物多样性进行效果评价.结果表明:经过目标树作业并补植阔叶树的改造后,马尾松人工林的林下植物获得较多的资源,促进了植物更新与生长,林下植物多样性升高.为河南地区人工纯林的改造及经营提供参考. 相似文献
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鲁中山地侧柏人工林下植物多样性分析与评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用典型样地法,对鲁中山地三个地点的23块样地侧柏人工林林下植物进行了野外调查,分析了林下植物的丰富度、多样性、均匀度、生物量和盖度;利用因子分析方法对侧柏林下植物多样性进行了综合评价。调查发现共有林下植物53种,隶属于35科48属,以双子叶植物为主,占86.8%;不同侧柏林的林下生物丰富度、多样性和均匀度存在较大差异,但三者之间具有显著相关性。所有林下植物的多样性指数与其生物量、盖度均没有显著相关性,而林下生物量和盖度间的关系具有显著相关性。三个试验地点侧柏人工林下植物多样性平均标准化分值大小顺序依次为燕子山林场、黑峪林场和原山林场。 相似文献
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研究了间伐强度对兴安落叶松林林下植物多样性和生物量的影响,为确定兴安落叶松林分的最佳采伐强度提供理论依据。以兴安落叶松林为研究对象,设置4种间伐强度(10%、20%、30%、40%)和对照的试验固定样地,对间伐5 a后各样地林下灌草多样性和生物量进行调查分析。结果表明:1)抚育间伐可以明显提高林下植物种类、Menhinick丰富度指数、Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数,各层均以40%间伐强度最大,而生态优势度指数则呈递减趋势(P <0.05);2)适当加大间伐强度对林分林下植被层和枯落物层生物量具有促进作用,均以间伐强度30%为优(P <0.05);3)综上所述,在30%～40%的间伐强度下,兴安落叶松林林下植被多样性和生物量最高,林分质量最佳。 相似文献
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湘东中山区风景游憩林林内景观质量评价与分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
《林业资源管理》2017,(3):91-97
以湘东中山区风景游憩林林内景观为研究对象,共设置36个林内景观样地,采用SBE法对林内景观质量进行评判,研究采用逐步线性回归法,保留7个景观要素,并构建了林内景观质量评价模型,保留的要素按贡献率大小排列依次为林下层统一度(30.6%)、枯树倒木(20.3%)、趣味性(14.2%)、枯落物(13.4%)、水平透视距离(8.7%)、草本高度(7.0%)和色彩丰富度(5.8%)。该研究构建了湘东中山区风景游憩林林内景观评价体系,可为林内景观的质量评价分析和林间抚育、林下清理和地被植物培育等方面的经营管理提供参考。 相似文献
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广东山区3种不同人工林林下植物多样性初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
人工林林下植物多样性发展有利于提高人工林地力、维持群落健康和提高生态系统的稳定性。应用样方调查法,比较研究了广东山区马尾松林、湿地松林和杉木林等3种人工针叶林群落的林下植物多样性。结果表明,杉木林的林下植物丰富度较高,共记录了138种林下植物;马尾松林次之,林下植物共有135种;湿地松林的林下植物种类最少,仅53种。物种多样性指数总的变化趋势为杉木林>马尾松林>湿地松林。3种人工林群落之间的相似性系数均较低,表明这些人工林群落的林下植物种类差异明显。基于以上研究结果,文章探讨了影响人工林植物多样性的主要因素和提高人工林植物多样性的途径。 相似文献
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塞罕坝国家级森林公园风景游憩林类型与特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本研究基于多尺度、多因素植被类型分类法探讨了塞罕坝国家级森林公园风景游憩林资源的类型划分,通过典型风景游憩林林分样地调查、季相景观照片的获取、解析与视觉设计,对不同类型风景游憩林林分及景观特征进行了系统分析,得出以下结论和建议:(1)塞罕坝国家级森林公园风景游憩林资源丰富、类型多样,可从林分和景观两个尺度进行分类。(2)森林公园不同类型风景游憩林林分,其林相及林内景观特征各异。(3)塞罕坝森林公园处于森林和草原、山丘与高原的交接带,地理位置优势明显,景观类型丰富多样。(4)建议保护天然次生林景观,同时通过栽植乡土阔叶树种,合理营造针阔混交色彩层次丰富的风景游憩林。(5)对于大尺度的森林景观的人工采伐痕迹,应从视域角度予以调整,通过调节视域范围,适当遮挡屏蔽不良景观、展现优美景观。 相似文献
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马尾松人工林是我国南方主要的单一树种人工林之一。采用以空间代替时间方法,阐明该单一造林树种人工林林下群落结构在发育过程中的变化规律,为该人工林群落的植被生态改良提供依据和参考。湖南省衡山县紫巾山国有林场内不同林龄阶段马尾松人工林群落内调查有植物108种,隶属56科91属。檵木(Loropetalumchinensis)、白栎(Quercus fabri)、赤楠(Radix Syzygii)、栀子(Gardenia jasminoides)以及茅草(Imperata cylin-drica)、芒(Schizachyrium scoparium)、淡竹叶(Lophatherum gracile)和狗脊蕨(Woodwardia japonica)等在整个群落中有较大优势。整个群落及其各垂直层次的各多样性指数值在中熟林(15a)以下表现有很大波动性,中熟林(15a)之后群落开始出现新的野生乔木物种,同时整个群落及各垂直群落层次的丰富度指数,Simpson多样性指数,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数的变化均开始趋向于稳定。在整个林下群落的演变过程中老熟林(25a)和中幼林(5a)群落间物种相似性最低(Sm为0.158),β多样性最大,体现出中幼林(5a)的群落结构最不稳定。 相似文献
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为了解高温干旱对毛竹林下植被数量特征、群落结构变化特点的影响及群落演变趋势,对2013年安吉县高温干旱受灾毛竹林林下植被进行了调查。结果表明:受高温干旱灾害影响的毛竹林的林下植被以喜阳类植物为主,平均盖度达0.95,物种丰富度为44,高度达1.20 m;而未受灾毛竹林的林下植被以喜弱光或喜阴类植物为主,平均盖度为0.72,物种丰富度为42,高度仅为0.66 m;受灾毛竹林一般位于立地条件较差的地区,经营效益低下,且受灾后毛竹林的自然恢复速率缓慢,而林下植被的自然生态恢复能力较强,并有较快地从低矮阴性或喜弱光的草灌逐渐向高大喜阳的乔灌木演化的趋势。 相似文献
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通过对华南地区阔叶次生林和桉树人工林的林下植物多样性进行调查对比分析,发现次生林林下植物123种,分属52科;桉树人工林林下植物102种,分属49科,两者数量上相差不大,相同的有64种。2个生境物种构成不同,次生林的丰富度指数、均匀度指数、多样性指数均略高于桉树人工林,方差分析显示两者各样方林下植物分布差异显著。2种生境中重要值前10的物种只有3个相同,两者林下植物重要值都集中在前10个物种中,均约占一半。总体上桉树人工林林下植物多样性与次生林的相近。 相似文献
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Photoprotective responses during photosynthetic acclimation in Daphniphyllum humile Maxim, an evergreen understory shrub that grows in temperate deciduous forests, were examined in relation to changes in light availability and temperature caused by the seasonal dynamics of canopy leaf phenology. Gradual increases in irradiance in the understory from summer to autumn as overstory foliage senesced were accompanied by increased concentrations of xanthophyll cycle pigments (VAZ) in understory leaves. The chlorophyll (Chl) a/b ratio in understory leaves also increased from summer to autumn, reflecting the change in ratio of the light-harvesting antenna to the reaction center. However, low temperatures following overstory leaf fall reduced Rubisco activity. In contrast, the photosynthetic capactiy of leaves of D. humile growing at the forest border, which was higher in summer than that of leaves of understory plants, decreased in autumn. In autumn, Fv/Fm ratios decreased and concentrations of zeaxanthin (Z) and especially antheraxanthin (A) increased in leaves of both forest-border and understory plants. Although VAZ was twice as high in leaves of forest-border than of understory plants, NPQ was similar in both. We conclude that leaves of understory plants are able to acclimate to seasonal changes in light and temperature by varying their photosynthetic and photoprotective functions, thereby taking advantage of the favorable light conditions caused by overstory leaf fall. 相似文献
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Cicik Udayana Harry P. Andreassen Christina Skarpe 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2020,39(5):494-510
ABSTRACT Forest rehabilitation is when a desired tree species is planted in degraded forests or lands. Rehabilitation by planting a single tree species is a common way to restore exploited forests to maintain ecological processes. We compared woody and herbaceous understory vegetation between forests rehabilitated by mahogany (N = 12) or teak (N = 12) planted from 1941 until 2003 in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Understory vegetation of these areas was compared with that of three native forests. Species richness, species diversity, density of plants and proportion of native plants did not differ between the rehabilitated areas and the native forest. Recently rehabilitated areas were different from the native forests while 41–74 yr after rehabilitation, characteristics of understory vegetation approached those of native forest. We described species composition using ordination, and found it to differ between areas rehabilitated with teak and with mahogany and, particularly, between the rehabilitated areas and the native forests. Time since rehabilitation and tree species planted were important for the species composition of understory vegetation. We conclude that the selection of species for rehabilitation and letting rehabilitated areas mature are important for understory development and species diversity. 相似文献
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HanY.H.Chen 《中国林学(英文版)》2003,5(3):54-62
Available light under forest canopies includes two components, diffuse light and direct light (sunflecks), and is characterized as low and highly dynamic. Understory habitats under different forest types experience different light conditions.Sunflecks as a critical resource for understory plants have great importance on carbon gain of understory plants. Under the light-limiting habitat, understory plants exhibit a high light utilization efficiency attributed by a post-illumination CO2 uptake. Although different species have different photosynthetic responses, shade plants appear to be acclimated to respond more quickly and efficiently to sunflecks. This acclimation includes a faster induction, relatively lower rate of induction loss, lower photosynthetic compensation point, and higher water use efficiency. The process that shade plants harvest light energy is not .well known. Studies of photosynthetic responses to sunflecks in natural conditions are rare. Little is known about constraints on sunfleck utilization, which may change seasonally. Extensive field studies in conjunction with laboratory investigations will be needed to further understand potential and actual constraints on sunfleck utilization. Most studies on photosynthetic responses to fluctuating light condition were done in the level of leaves. Fluctuating light utilization on the basis of whole plants and populations presents future challenges to ecologists. 相似文献
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【目的】探讨油松人工林皆伐前后林下植物多样性的变化及与土壤水分的关系,为在油松林皆伐后植被恢复和发育阶段维持生物多样性、保持林分结构稳定、发挥更高生态效益等方面提供科学依据和经营措施建议。【方法】采用时序研究法,在河北平泉地区选择立地一致的不同林龄油松人工林(32年中龄林、40年近熟林、53年成熟林)和皆伐后不同时间(5、10、24 a)的天然更新林作为研究对象,分析不同生长发育阶段油松人工林下植物物种组成与多样性的变化规律及与土壤水分间的相关性。【结果】1)皆伐前后6种林分样地共出现灌木植物21种,草本植物65种,不同样地林下植物组成存在差异。胡枝子在各林分样地均有出现,且重要值均> 20%,在灌木层优势地位明显;草本层中菊科植物种类最多,有18种,其次是蔷薇科和禾本科,分别为6种和4种。2)不同林分样地林下植物多样性指数均表现为草本层>灌木层,皆伐前随着林龄增加林下植物多样性逐渐增加;皆伐后灌木层植物多样性表现为先下降后增加再下降,且变化幅度明显,伐后10 a灌木层Margalef丰富度指数、Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数最大,分别为1.40、0.61、1.24和0.74,与53年样地差异不显著。皆伐后不同时间的天然更新林草本层植物多样性均与伐前53年样地的差异不显著,皆伐对灌木层植物的影响较大。3)不同林地土壤水分变化规律较一致,表现为伐前随林龄增加而逐渐增加,伐后5~10 a仍保持较高水平,伐后24 a出现下降,经相关分析植物多样性指数与土壤水分之间有显著的正相关关系,与草本层的相关性达极显著水平。【结论】伐前林下植物多样性变化主要与林分密度降低、光照条件改善有关,伐后主要与油松天然更新及种间竞争有关。依靠油松天然更新恢复的林地保持了较高的生物多样性,但在皆伐10 a后出现下降的趋势,建议在此时对油松更新苗进行人工抚育、降低密度以维持植物多样性。土壤水分是影响植物多样性的关键生态因子,良好的土壤水分条件和林下植被的恢复和发展可以相互促进。 相似文献
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《林业研究》2021,32(3)
The Araliaceae family consists of numerous species of medical plants of significant value as non-wood forest products. To conserve and culture these plants in natural forest stands is an important undertaking which should be implemented according to the relationship between forest structure and understory population. In this study, thirtyfive plots were established in natural A ralia elata stands. Taller individual and denser populations were found in the northern and in the eastern regions, respectively. Both population densities and individual leaf weight increased along longitude. In contrast, their relationship with elevation and DBH were negative. Along with the altitude gradient, both height and root-collar diameter increased but population density declined. Root-collar diameter and population density decreased with latitude and DBH, respectively. Overall, dominant trees unlikely enforced strong disturbance to the development of understory A. elata populations unless concerning some specific topographic factors. 相似文献