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生长素响应因子(auxin response factor,ARF)基因家族是植物特有的转录因子家族,在调控植物生长发育过程中起到重要作用。而关于大麦ARF基因家族全基因组分析的研究尚未见报道。为进一步探讨大麦ARF基因的功能,以公布的大麦栽培品种Morex的基因组数据为基础,采用生物信息学方法鉴定了大麦ARF基因,并对其结构、染色体分布、蛋白保守结构域、系统进化树及表达谱进行了分析。结果表明,共鉴定出了17个大麦ARF基因,除4号染色体外,其余6条染色体上均有分布,片段复制事件是大麦ARF基因家族的主要扩张方式;HvARF蛋白均具有保守的B3结构域和Auxin_resp结构域,而Aux/IAA结构域仅存在于12个HvARF蛋白中,且不同蛋白所含该结构域1~2个不等;不同植物中ARF基因在功能上具有保守性;不同组织器官中HvARF基因的表达存在明显的差异。 相似文献
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为全面了解木葡聚糖内转糖苷酶/水解酶(xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase,XTH)基因在辣椒基因组中的特征,利用生物信息学方法鉴定出了所有辣椒XTH基因家族成员,并对基因的结构、染色体定位、系统进化关系和保守结构域等进行了预测,同时基于转录组数据集分析了XTH基因在辣椒不同器官、不同发育时期果实中的表达特征。结果表明,辣椒XTH家族包含23个基因成员,不均衡分布在除10号染色体外的其余11条染色体上;23个基因包含1~5个不等的内含子;系统进化分析表明,辣椒XTH蛋白可分为3个亚家族;基因表达特征分析显示,大多数辣椒XTH的表达具有组织特异性,CaXTH2、CaXTH21、CaXTH13和CaXTH23极有可能与辣椒果实的膨大与成熟相关。本研究为深入了解辣椒XTH基因的功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
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利用已知的拟南芥TCP基因和大豆基因组数据库,通过生物信息学方法,鉴定并获得了大豆TCP家族基因序列,基因定位信息。共鉴定大豆TCP基因54个,分布在大豆除14号染色体外的其他19条染色体上。对54个基因进行进化和聚类分析及功能结构域的分析,发现全部具有高度保守的TCP结构域。根据结构域差异和系统发育分析的结果,将大豆TCP转录因子家族分成2个TCP亚家族。以生物信息学手段和已有的其他物种的TCP基因进行了比较分析,大豆TCP基因占总数的3.5%,与拟南芥同源基因比较,序列长度存在相似性。对启动子元件分析显示,TCP基因含有大量与在子叶、根、茎处大量表达有关的元件及对分生组织有作用的元件。 相似文献
4.
大豆MYB转录因子的全基因组鉴定及生物信息学分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
MYB转录因子是植物中最大的转录因子家族之一,近年的研究表明其广泛参与多种生物学过程。MYB转录因子在其N端含有其特有的DNA结合基序(MYB-binding domain),能够与DNA分子大沟结合而调控基因表达。本研究通过生物信息学手段,在全基因组水平上筛选鉴定出了304个大豆MYB类转录因子,并对其进行了分类和保守结构域分析;通过与拟南芥的MYB基因进行系统发生分析,将304个大豆MYB转录因子分为了22个亚类;染色体定位分析表明大豆MYB转录因子在所有染色体上都有分布,部分染色体间的MYB蛋白序列高度相似,表明此类基因在进化上具有相同的来源;利用野生大豆盐、碱胁迫下转录组数据,分析MYB基因的表达模式,发现部分MYB转录因子能够响应盐、碱胁迫的诱导,且在盐、碱胁迫下具有不同的表达模式。 相似文献
5.
生长素反应因子(Auxin Response Factors,ARFs)是调节生长素表达的转录因子响应基因,ARF基因在植物中大多由多基因家族组成。基于转录组数据,通过生物信息学方法对荔枝ARF基因进行鉴定,并分析其理化性质、亚细胞定位、保守基序、系统进化以及基因的表达模式。在荔枝中鉴定出21个ARF基因,其编码的蛋白质含有53~1 117个氨基酸,分子量约为6.112~123.872 ku,等电点为4.21~9.45。亚细胞定位预测结果显示21个ARF均定位于细胞核。Lc ARFs基因家族具有相对保守的结构,即包含1个保守的B3 DNA结构域、ARF结构域和Aux/IAA结构域。进化树分析表明荔枝ARF蛋白分为5个亚家族。21个荔枝ARF基因在花穗发育过程中有明显不同的表达规律。该结果为进一步深入研究荔枝ARF基因家族的功能奠定了基础。 相似文献
6.
NAC转录因子家族是植物中最大的转录因子家族之一,在植物的生长发育及植物参与生物与非生物胁迫过程中起重要作用。本研究通过分析感染大麦温和花叶病毒(Barley mild mosaic virus,BaMMV)的大麦转录组测序结果,获得表达上调的基因 HORVU5Hr1G011650,基因注释为 HvNAC1。通过生物信息学分析发现该基因全长915 bp,编码304个氨基酸,分子量为33.3 kDa,理论等电点为9.21,在14～141位氨基酸之间含有NAC转录因子家族保守结构域。系统进化分析发现,该基因与小麦、拟南芥中的NAC转录因子同源性较高。组织表达分析发现,该基因在大麦的不同生长时期均有表达,在结实后期和外颖壳中表达量较高。农杆菌介导的烟草亚细胞定位实验表明,该基因定位于细胞核中。在酵母实验中,发现 HvNAC1具有完整的转录因子活性。 相似文献
7.
生长调节互作因子(GRF-interacting factor, GIF)是植物体内一类转录共激活因子,在植物生长发育过程中起重要作用。为挖掘和利用黑麦GIF家族基因,利用同源比对方法对黑麦GIF基因家族进行了鉴定,并系统分析了黑麦与其他禾本科植物及模式植物拟南芥GIF基因的系统发育关系、蛋白结构域、基因结构和共线性关系。结果显示,在黑麦基因组中共鉴定到3个GIF基因家族成员,分布在4R和5R染色体上;系统进化分析发现,黑麦GIF基因家族成员与小麦和大麦的亲缘关系更近。蛋白结构域和基因结构分析发现,GIF基因家族成员在黑麦及其他禾本科植物中的蛋白结构域和基因结构相对保守,均含有4个外显子。共线性分析发现,黑麦ScGIF1基因与其他禾本科植物GIF基因间均存在共线性关系,其中与小麦间共线基因数最多。Ka/Ks分析发现,黑麦GIF基因家族成员在进化中受到纯化选择。此外,在黑麦穗部鉴定到一个特异性高表达的GIF基因(ScGIF1),其编码的蛋白含有多个磷酸化位点,推测ScGIF1蛋白可能是通过磷酸化来调控黑麦麦穗的发育和粒型的。 相似文献
8.
AT-hook蛋白不仅在植物生长发育、器官构建、胁迫和激素信号应答中起重要作用,而且还作为染色质重塑的转录因子和辅助因子,调节基因的转录活性。为全面了解花生AT-hook基因家族的结构特征,利用生物信息学技术比对花生基因组数据库,分析AT-hook基因家族成员的理化性质、基因结构、保守结构域和系统发育关系以及在12个组织中的表达特异性。结果表明：在花生基因组数据库中鉴定得到64个AT-hook基因,染色体定位显示这些基因在染色体上呈不均匀分布。系统发育树分析表明花生AT-hook基因可分为8个亚群,多数基因都含有5?-UTR和3?-UTR。MEME数据库显示,花生AT-hook基因编码的蛋白质包含6个保守的结构域,大多数AT-hook蛋白含有RGRP和PPC的基序。表达热图显示,AT-hook基因在不同花生组织中呈现特定的表达模式,如arahy.BT3IUC、arahy.QUTE6V、arahy.8MM6DT、arahy.RIX96U和arahy.T2XHT6在根中高度表达,但arahy.EW3BSR和arahy.CSXK13分别在雌蕊和叶片中高丰度均匀转录。本研究结果为进一步阐明花生基因组中AT-hook基因的潜在分子功能提供理论参考。 相似文献
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通过在大豆基因组数据库中检索拟南芥AtMP(ARF5)在大豆中的同源基因,获得了GmMP基因序列。对GmMP基因编码的氨基酸序列及启动子序列进行生物信息学分析,结果表明:GmMP基因CDS序列全长2 802 bp,编码933个氨基酸。GmMP编码的蛋白为疏水性蛋白。结构域分析表明:GmMP含有B3和AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR结构域,同时该基因是ARF家族的成员。GmMP预测的启动子区域含有与激素、胁迫、光应答、生物钟调控和转录因子结合相关的顺式作用元件。系统进化分析表明MP在豆科植物进化过程中比较保守。组织特异性表达分析结果显示GmMP在叶片中表达量最低,在茎尖中表达量最高,推测其可能参与生长素的代谢途径。 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Rita Favas Janaína Morone Rosrio Martins Vitor Vasconcelos Graciliana Lopes 《Marine drugs》2022,20(3)
The loss of density and elasticity, the appearance of wrinkles and hyperpigmentation are among the first noticeable signs of skin aging. Beyond UV radiation and oxidative stress, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) assume a preponderant role in the process, since their deregulation results in the degradation of most extracellular matrix components. In this survey, four cyanobacteria strains were explored for their capacity to produce secondary metabolites with biotechnological potential for use in anti-aging formulations. Leptolyngbya boryana LEGE 15486 and Cephalothrix lacustris LEGE 15493 from freshwater ecosystems, and Leptolyngbya cf. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 and Nodosilinea nodulosa LEGE 06104 from marine habitats were sequentially extracted with acetone and water, and extracts were analyzed for their toxicity in cell lines with key roles in the skin context (HaCAT, 3T3L1, and hCMEC). The non-toxic extracts were chemically characterized in terms of proteins, carotenoids, phenols, and chlorophyll a, and their anti-aging potential was explored through their ability to scavenge the physiological free radical superoxide anion radical (O2•−), to reduce the activity of the MMPs elastase and hyaluronidase, to inhibit tyrosinase and thus avoid melanin production, and to block UV-B radiation (sun protection factor, SPF). Leptolyngbya species stood out for anti-aging purposes: L. boryana LEGE 15486 presented a remarkable SPF of 19 (at 200 µg/mL), being among the best species regarding O2•− scavenging, (IC50 = 99.50 µg/mL) and also being able to inhibit tyrosinase (IC25 = 784 µg/mL), proving to be promising against UV-induced skin-aging; L. ectocarpi LEGE 11479 was more efficient in inhibiting MMPs (hyaluronidase, IC50 = 863 µg/mL; elastase, IC50 = 391 µg/mL), thus being the choice to retard dermal density loss. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the data allowed the grouping of extracts into three groups, according to their chemical composition; the correlation of carotenoids and chlorophyll a with MMPs activity (p < 0.01), O2•− scavenging with phenolic compounds (p < 0.01), and phycocyanin and allophycocyanin with SPF, pointing to these compounds in particular as responsible for UV-B blockage. This original survey explores, for the first time, the biotechnological potential of these cyanobacteria strains in the field of skin aging, demonstrating the promising, innovative, and multifactorial nature of these microorganisms. 相似文献