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1.
【目的】构建赤松赤枯病病基指数(Disease based index,DBI)评价体系,定量评价与林分因子共同作用后,立地因子对赤松纯林中赤枯病发生程度的作用等级。【方法】在林龄相对一致(34±2)年的赤松纯林生态系统中设立临时样地,筛选影响赤松赤枯病发生的关键林分因子,建立关键林分因子与赤枯病病情指数的函数关系,选取最优模型作为主曲线;将主曲线等比值拉伸得赤枯病病基指数曲线群,其自下而上依次表示不同的病基指数,即立地对赤枯病发生程度的作用等级。【结果】1)基于森林病害发生的基本原理,提出病基指数的概念。2)确定赤松赤枯病病基指数的定量方法,它包含样地的设立、病情指数的调查、林分因子的调查、关键林分因子的筛选、基准点的确定、备选主曲线模型的建立、主曲线模型的确定和评价、主曲线的绘制及曲线群的建立共9个步骤。3)逐步回归分析表明,林分密度是影响赤松赤枯病发生的关键林分因子,依据所提定量方法建立主曲线方程:Q=65. 61/(1+e-0. 001 5 x+2. 32),决定系数R2=0. 519 8,说明拟合方程较可靠,用该模型预估赤松赤枯病的病情指数时,平均预估误差是5. 35%。4)将赤枯病病基指数主曲线等比值拉伸得曲线群,即建立定量评价体系。体系中的5条曲线自下而上分别表示为:Ⅰ为极轻病害发生,Ⅱ为轻度病害发生,Ⅲ为中度病害发生,Ⅳ为重度病害发生,Ⅴ为特重度病害发生。【结论】赤松赤枯病病基指数主曲线模型和曲线群图可以定量评价赤松林的立地因子对赤枯病的潜在发生程度的作用等级,可为赤松纯林合理、有效的管理提供理论基础,将成为森林有害生物生态控制方法的重要组成部分。 相似文献
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昆嵛山天然林13年演替动态——生物多样性变化、物种周转与食叶害虫的短期干扰 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依托昆嵛山森林生态定位观察站所设市的40块永久性样地,比较了群落自然演替13 a的林内灌草多样性指数、物种周转率以及食叶害虫昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂的危害程度,评判食叶害虫对林分结构变化的短期潜在功能作用.结果表明:赤松纯林内灌草Shannon多样性指数和均匀度指数分别为2.50和0.79,分别低于1996年的2.69和0.85;黑松混交林内灌草Shannon多样性指数和均匀度指数分别为2.27和0.79,分别高于1996年的1.85和0.77.赤松和黑松混交林下的灌草种类13 a的整体物种周转率达到125.9%;昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂发生严重林分(虫口密度>25头·株-1)的树木死亡率(平均13.35%)极显著高于腮扁叶蜂发生较轻的林分(P=0.003 8),树木死亡率与腮扁叶蜂虫口密度呈显著的正相关,并与林分郁闭度显著相关,但与林分密度不相关;腮扁叶蜂发牛严重林分的树木胸径平均增长量略高于发生较轻的林分,但两者之间差异不显著.从本研究结果看,在昆嵛山,与未发牛腮扁叶蜂的林分相比,腮扁叶蜂危害导致树木死亡率升高有可能加速林分密度的调整. 相似文献
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《林业科学》2021,57(7)
【目的】明确赤松枯梢病与乔木层、灌木层和草本层植物物种的关联性,筛选与赤松枯梢病呈显著关联的植物物种,为通过林分内植物物种组成改造来调控赤松枯梢病提供技术支持。【方法】以昆嵛山赤松天然次生林群落为研究对象,设置120块临时样地进行乔木层、灌木层和草本层植物物种以及赤松枯梢病病情调查,计算各植物物种重要值,应用方差比率法检验赤松枯梢病病情指数与植物物种总体关联性,利用Pearson相关分析和Spearman秩相关分析定量判定病情-植物物种间的关联性。【结果】赤松枯梢病病情与乔灌草植物物种总体关联性均为显著正关联(P 0.05)。Pearson相关性分析发现赤松枯梢病病情与乔木层赤松和黑松,灌木层胡枝子以及草本层白茅、败酱、宽蕊地榆、木防己、茜草、射干、狭叶珍珠菜、野菊、野青茅和紫花地丁呈显著或极显著正关联(P 0.05);与乔木层麻栎、山槐、栓皮栎和盐肤木,灌木层大花溲疏和葎叶蛇葡萄,以及草本层灯心草、鹅绒藤、毛秆野古草、香茶菜、杏叶沙参呈显著或极显著负关联(P 0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析发现赤松枯梢病与乔木层赤松和黑松、灌木层胡枝子和紫穗槐以及草本层白茅、败酱、桔梗、宽蕊地榆、木防己、茜草、射干、狭叶珍珠菜、野菊、野青茅和紫花地丁呈显著或极显著正关联(P 0.05);与乔木层麻栎、山槐、栓皮栎、水榆花楸和盐肤木,灌木层大果榆、大花溲疏、葎叶蛇葡萄、小花扁担杆和郁李以及草本层灯心草、鹅绒藤、毛秆野古草、香茶菜、杏叶沙参和鸭跖草为显著或极显著负关联(P 0.05)。2种分析方法结果具有一致性,也存在一定差异,Spearman秩相关分析结果较Pearson相关分析结果更为灵敏。【结论】昆嵛山赤松天然次生林群落中的植物物种与赤松枯梢病形成了稳定的共存状态,其中13种植物物种与赤松枯梢病病情指数呈正关联趋于共存,对赤松枯梢病流行具有促进作用; 9种植物物种与赤松枯梢病病原菌呈负关联难以共存,对赤松枯梢病发生发展具有抑制作用。因此,可通过调整林分结构,减少植物群落中与赤松枯梢病病原菌共存植物物种,或增加与赤松枯梢病病原菌难以共存植物物种,达到赤松枯梢病生态调控的目的。 相似文献
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《林业科学》2016,(8)
【目的】明确天然赤松次生林空间结构对松赤枯病害发生程度的影响,探索以调控空间结构指标为手段的松赤枯病生态控制技术,为营林实践提供指导。【方法】在昆嵛山天然赤松次生林中设立6 hm2样地,测定松赤枯病寄主树种赤松、黑松和多脂松的空间结构指标——树种角尺度、大小比数、混交度和发病率,分析各空间结构指标与发病程度之间的关联性。以发病率作为松赤枯病的病害发生程度,对每个样株分上、中、下层,从东、南、西、北4个方向各随机剪取1个枝条检查病斑,病害发病率直接采用病斑长度比值来计算。【结果】1)赤松的所有空间结构指标都与松赤枯病发生程度之间呈负相关关系,其中胸径大小比数(R2=0.962,P=0.003)和树高大小比数(R2=0.794,P=0.043)与松赤枯病发生程度相关性显著,而角尺度和混交度与其无显著相关性。2)黑松胸径大小比数和混交度与松赤枯病发生程度之间呈负相关性,树高大小比数和角尺度与其呈正相关性,但所有相关性均不显著。3)多脂松所有空间结构指标都与松赤枯病发生程度之间呈负相关性,其中只有混交度与其相关性显著(R2=0.810,P=0.037)。4)3个树种中赤松和多脂松赤枯病发生程度与空间结构的相关性强于黑松;不同空间结构指标相比较,混交度和大小比数与赤枯病的相关性强于角尺度。【结论】混交度和大小比数对昆嵛山松赤枯病的生态调控功效明显优于角尺度。森林经营实践中可通过尽量增大寄主松属树种大小比数和增加寄主松属树种的混交度,以达到控制松赤枯病的目的;而角尺度不宜作为调控指标。同时,针对3个树种对赤枯病的抗病差异性,对病害疫区进行林分改造时多选择种植黑松,控制多脂松的比例,以增强生态系统对赤枯病的抵御能力。 相似文献
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[目的]为通过构建昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂虫基指数(Pest based index,PBI)评价体系,定量评价出与林分因子共同作用后,立地因子对赤松纯林中昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂发生程度的作用等级。[方法]本研究基于森林虫害发生的基本原理,将影响昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂的结果归因于林分因子和立地因子的综合作用。在相同龄阶的赤松纯林生态系统中设立临时样地,筛选影响昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂发生的关键林分因子,建立关键林分因子与昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂虫情指数的函数关系,选取最优模型作为主曲线;将主曲线等比值拉伸得昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂虫基指数曲线群,其自下而上依次表示不同的虫基指数,即立地对昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂发生程度的作用等级。[结果]1)基于森林虫害发生的基本原理,提出了虫基指数的概念。2)确定了昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂虫基指数的定量方法,它包含样地的设立、虫情指数的调查、林分因子和立地因子的调查、关键林分因子的筛选、基准点的确定、备选主曲线模型的建立、主曲线模型的确定和评价、主曲线的绘制及曲线群的建立共9个步骤。3)逐步回归和偏相关分析确定冠幅是影响昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂发生的关键林分因子,依据所提定量方法建立主曲线方程:Q=75.53/(1+e~(-0.84x+3.40)),决定系数R~2=0.523 0,说明拟合方程较可靠,用该模型预估昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂的虫情指数时,平均预估精度是89.28%。4)将昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂虫基指数主曲线等比值拉伸得曲线群,即建立了定量评价体系。体系中的5条曲线自下而上分别表示腮扁叶蜂发生的不同程度。[结论]昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂虫基指数主曲线模型和曲线群图可以定量评价赤松林的立地因子对昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂的潜在发生程度的作用等级,为赤松纯林合理、有效的管理提供理论基础,它将成为森林有害生物生态控制方法的重要组成部分。 相似文献
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松树枯梢病发生的立地条件及其主要诱因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对福建、江西等地227块松树枯梢病的林分病情标准地进行调查.结果表明:病害的发生与林分及立地因子关系密切.由上杭、连城、永新和安福4县有代表性的49块样地推导出了松树枯梢病的病情指数与林龄、造林密度、郁闭度、土壤质地、土壤湿度、坡位、坡向的生态数学模型:y=41.38-16.56x11 5.08x21 18.62x31-3.78x41 19.94x51 7.32x61 4.27x62-4.06x71-10.56x72-13.88x73,其偏相关系数分别为0.606 9、0.612 5、0.268 9、0.1789、0.681 1、0.279 0、0.473 7.该模型模内判别准确率为79.59%,其中病情指数与土壤湿度、郁闭度、林龄和坡位间关系紧密,在0.01水平上显著,它们是松树枯梢病在我国南方发生的主要诱导因子.提出以营林措施为主的生态控制技术. 相似文献
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《林业科学研究》2021,34(1)
[目的]通过构建昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂虫基指数——立地因子评价体系,定量评估赤松宜林地潜在遭受昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂危害程度的等级,进而避免在严重为害的宜林地中种植赤松。[方法]基于昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂虫基指数曲线群图,查找每块样地的虫基指数。通过相关性分析筛选关键立地因子,运用数量化理论Ⅰ分别建立昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂虫基指数与全部立地因子和关键立地因子的关系方程,并对方程模型做出评价。[结果](1)相关性分析表明,海拔、坡度、腐殖质层厚度和土壤质地对虫基指数具有极显著的影响(P 0.01),且对其贡献力呈依次增大的趋势。(2)全部立地因子和关键立地因子与虫基指数的多元线性回归模型在统计学上均达到极显著水平(P 0.01),决定系数(R2)分别为0.823和0.730,说明模型的拟合效果较好,且可用4个关键立地因子代替全部立地因子作为方程自变量。(3)对由关键立地因子所建模型推算出的虫基指数进行评价,结果表明平均预估误差(MPE)是5.87%,即预估精度为94.13%,且TRE值均趋近于0,模型较可靠。[结论]昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂虫基指数——立地因子评价体系可以定量评估赤松宜林地潜在遭受昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂为害的程度,能够为适地适树地栽植赤松林以及预防昆嵛山腮扁叶蜂提供理论基础。 相似文献
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《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2016,(11)
对海南省澄迈林场的降香黄檀人工林展开病害调查,探讨营林措施对降香黄檀的叶部病害发生的影响。通过采用单因素方差分析和相关分析,结果表明:管理措施对降香黄檀的病害发生的影响达到极显著水平(F=41.654,P=0.000;F=31.509,P=0.001)。精细管理的林分的病害发生显著低于其他的管理方式的样地。孤立林分的发病率和病情指数都显著低于纯林、混交、套种等栽培模式。不同混交模式间发病率和病情指数存在显著的差异(F=24.358,P=0.000;F=13.145,P=0.000),其中,降香黄檀和檀香的混交林的发病率和病情指数最低。 相似文献
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Genetic variation in branchlet nutrient (N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe) concentrations and mineral concentration (sum of branchlet P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, Mn and Fe concentrations) of 8-9-year-old hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii Ait. ex D. Don) half-sib families was assessed for four canopy positions at a wet site (23 families) and two canopy positions at an N- and water-limiting dry site (22 families) in relation to tree growth and associated branchlet carbon (delta13C) and oxygen (delta18O) isotope composition in southeast Queensland, Australia. Branchlet nutrient and mineral concentrations varied significantly among families and with canopy position and site. Depending on the canopy position sampled, the hoop pine family effect accounted for 0 to 13.8% of the total variation in branchlet N concentration, and for 0 to 30.3% of the total variation in branchlet mineral concentration at the wet site. The corresponding values for the family effect at the dry site were 0-13.3% for branchlet N concentration and 0-25.7% for branchlet mineral concentration. There were significant variations in branchlet P, K, Ca and Mg concentrations at both sites, and these variations differed with canopy position. Relationships between family means of branchlet N concentration and tree growth or delta13C or delta18O varied with canopy position at both sites. At the wet site, there were significant positive correlations between branchlet mineral concentration in the upper-outer or upper-inner canopy and tree height (r = 0.26 and 0.37, P < 0.01) and between branchlet mineral concentration and delta13C (r = 0.24, P < 0.01) in the upper-inner canopy, and a significant negative correlation between branchlet mineral concentration and delta13C (r = -0.21, P < 0.05) in the upper-outer canopy. At the dry site, branchlet mineral concentrations in the upper-inner and upper-outer canopy were significantly correlated with branchlet delta13C (r = -0.28 and -0.51, P < 0.01), and branchlet N concentration in the upper-inner canopy was significantly correlated with tree growth (r = 0.29, P < 0.01). A significant correlation between branchlet delta18O (an index of stomatal conductance) and branchlet mineral concentration at the dry site (r = 0.39, P = 0.020) indicated that stomatal conductance might be a factor regulating the variation in branchlet mineral concentration of the hoop pine families. Both branchlet N concentration and mineral concentration at particular canopy positions assist in selecting hoop pine families with improved tree growth and N- and water-use efficiency in environments where both N deficiency and a limited water supply are major factors affecting plantation productivity. 相似文献
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Joseph O. Sexton Tyler Bax Paul Siqueira Jennifer J. Swenson Scott Hensley 《Forest Ecology and Management》2009
Forest canopy height is essential information for many forest management activities and is a critical parameter in models of ecosystem processes. Several methods are available to measure canopy height from single-tree to regional and global scales, but the methods vary widely in their sensitivities, leading to different height estimates even for identical stands. We compare four technologies for estimating canopy height in pine and hardwood forests of the Piedmont region of North Carolina, USA: (1) digital elevation data from the global Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) C-band radar interferometry, (2) X- and P-band radar interferometry from the recently developed airborne Geographic Synthetic Aperture Radar (GeoSAR) sensor, (3) small footprint lidar measurements (in pine only), and (4) field measurements acquired by in situ forest mensuration. Differences between measurements were smaller in pine than in hardwood forests, with biases ranging from 5.13 to 12.17 m in pine (1.60–13.77 m for lidar) compared to 6.60–15.28 m in hardwoods and RMSE from 8.40 to 14.21 m in pine (4.73–14.92 m for lidar) compared to 9.54–16.84 in hardwood. GeoSAR measurements of canopy height were among the most comparable measurements overall and showed potential for successful calibration, with R2 = 0.87 in pine canopies and R2 = 0.38 in hardwood canopies from simple linear regression. An improved calibration based on differential canopy penetration is presented and applied to SRTM measurements, resulting in canopy height estimates in pine forests with RMSE and standard error <4.00 m. Each of the remotely sensed methods studied produces reasonable and consistent depictions of canopy height that can be compared with data of similar provenance, but due to differences in underlying sensitivities between the methods, comparisons between measurements from various sources require cross-calibration and will be most useful at broad scales. 相似文献
13.
Xiao Y 《Tree physiology》2003,23(7):463-471
Needle longevity of conifer species is known to increase with latitude, but little is known about intraspecific variation and associated factors within a location. Chinese pine (Pinus tabulaeformis Carr.) forests were investigated to identify patterns of needle longevity at seven sites with distinctive climatic conditions along a latitudinal gradient (33-38 degrees N) in Shaanxi province, northwest China. A demographic approach was used to quantify needle longevity as an index of entire foliage population adjusted to needle-age-specific mortality rates. There were significant differences in needle longevity of Chinese pine stands across sites and across sample plots within a site. Individual tree needle longevity ranged from 0.62 to 3.75 years for 276 samples across sites. Needle longevity increased with latitude (R2 = 0.40, P < 0.0001), but decreased with mean January temperature (R2 = 0.63, P < 0.0001). Foliage retention of Chinese pine stands at the regional level was generally associated with climatic variability, indicating that variation in needle longevity was primarily an environmental acclimation to low temperature in winter. Stand characteristics were closely associated with needle longevity at three sites located within the same climatic zone. Needle longevity was positively correlated with tree age (R2 = 0.48, P < 0.0001) and stand density (R2 = 0.26, P = 0.0015) at Huanglong and Huangling, respectively, whereas it was negatively associated with total tree height at Zhidan (R2 = 0.50, P < 0.0001). It is concluded that, at the stand and individual tree level, intraspecific variation in needle longevity is most likely a result of adaptation to patchy microsite environments. 相似文献
14.
Sustainable forest management ought to include the production of non-use value, mainly in forests with low value of direct production. Predictions on climate change points out increase in aridity and changes in fire regime (increasing fire risk, recurrence and severity), particularly in the Mediterranean Basin. However, we have to question whether this implies a decrease in forest resilience and productivity. In summer 1994, large forest fires burned a huge surface of Aleppo pine stands in Spain. In areas naturally regenerated, we carried out early thinning and sampled 18 plots. In winter 2008 and 2009, we inventoried all pine trees in sampling plots, recording total height, diameter and canopy cover for scaling-up results to stand-level estimation. In addition, we destructively sampled 54 individual pine trees, selecting various thinning and dating treatments, to measure and estimate biomass and partitioning. The date of thinning influenced allometric relationships, earlier thinning stimulated the productivity of individual pine saplings, increasing the three components of carbon intake. Although, the total net carbon value was lower in almost all thinned plots (at least for short periods after thinning), differences were actually found depending on the cutting age and thinning severity. Control and thinned plots (mainly those thinned earlier and heavier) showed similar amounts of carbon but comprised in a low number of living trees with high productivity. Thus, productivity and carbon storage assessment should be monitored, in the long-term, to check prediction of proposed models for evaluation on early treatments. 相似文献
15.
Inter-specific competition and management modify the morphology, nutrient content and resorption in Scots pine needles 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Irantzu Primicia J. Bosco Imbert M. Carmen Traver Federico J. Castillo 《European Journal of Forest Research》2014,133(1):141-151
Influence of tree-to-tree competition on nutrient resorption is still not well understood. To contribute filling this gap, we assessed the effects of thinning (0, 20 and 30 % extraction of basal area) and canopy type (beech–pine vs. pine subplots) on needle dry weight, needle length, nutrient content and nutrient resorption (N, P and K) in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles of different cohorts, 8–9 years after thinning. Thinning and canopy type often concurrently affected needle morphology (e.g. lighter and shorter needles in 30 % thinning, heavier and longer needles in pine canopy on the first year of study) and nutrient content (e.g. decrease in N, P and K in 30 %; N, P and K higher in pine canopy on the first year of study). However, effects of thinning appeared only in older cohorts for N and P but were found in old and new cohorts for needle dry weight, needle length and K, indicating that some thinning effects remained after 8–9 years. Canopy effects on morphology and nutrient content were more frequent in recent cohorts, in relation to an increase in beech cover over time. While no clear effects of thinning on the nutrient resorption were observed, higher values were observed in the pine than in the mixed canopy, which could be related to a higher Scots pine stem growth in those patches. The observed differences between treatments will likely increase as the stand develops, probably leading to beech trees being dominant, and as future thinnings are carried out. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):399-404
Abstract There is a growing interest in the effects of deciduous trees on biodiversity, soil processes and long-term productivity in boreal, conifer-dominated forests. This study investigated whether individual birch trees allowed to grow to maturity in the coniferous forest can have a local effect on floristic richness and regeneration of tree saplings. The ground vegetation was compared in 2?m radius plots around the stem under the canopies of matched conifer–deciduous trees in a mature, conifer-dominated forest, and included in the analysis variables that could potentially mediate the tree effect (soil pH, cover of lichens, bryophytes, leaf and needle litter). The field layer vegetation was more species rich under birch (Betula pendula and B. pubescens) than under conifers (Picea abies and Pinus sylvestris), and several vascular plant species (including saplings of tree species) occurred more often under birch than under conifers. However, when the effect of the number of subordinate trees was taken into account the difference between birch and pine was not significant. The number of tree regenerations (saplings) was lowest under pines, but did not differ between spruce and birch. There were no effects of the canopy species on soil pH or on cover of lichens and bryophytes. The difference in diversity may be caused by the different effects of leaf and needle litter, and it is also likely that canopy structure has an influence via interception and throughfall and by affecting the light and microclimate. 相似文献
17.
A virgin Pinus koraiensis forest in the Xiaoxing’an Mountains was selected to study its rainfall redistribution effect via 97 rainfall occurrences
during a growing season. The following results were obtained: 1) The canopy interception of the P. koraiensis virgin forest amounted to 98168 mm during a growing season (May to September), which was 19.6 per cent of the total rainfall
and 1.3 times that of a secondary Betula platyphylla forest. Compared with other forest types in China (11.4%–36.5%), the ratio of the canopy interception in the virgin pine
forest was at a medium level. 2) The throughfall of the virgin pine forest was 395.77 mm, which accounted for 78.7% of total
precipitation, and the stem-flow was 8.78 mm, accounting for 1.74% of total precipitation. Compared with the secondary birch
forest, the virgin pine forest had lower throughfall but higher stem-flow. 3) Cubic regression equations (p < 0.01) which describe the relation between throughfall, stem-flow and canopy interception in the virgin pine forest and
rainfall in an open field were fitted. A linear regression equation (p < 0.01) was found to be a better fit for the relationship between throughfall of the secondary birch forest and rainfall
outside the forest. Factors affecting throughfall and stem-flow were analyzed, with results providing a good reference to
the study of rainfall redistribution in coniferous and broadleaved mixed forests.
__________
Translated from Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006, 4(6): 61–65 [译自: 中国水土保持科学] 相似文献
18.
Woziwoda Beata Dyderski Marcin K. Parzych Agnieszka Jonczak Jerzy Jagodziński Andrzej M. 《European Journal of Forest Research》2021,140(6):1499-1514
Forest transformation from coniferous monocultures to mixed stands is being promoted worldwide, including the introduction of fast-growing broadleaved tree species within native stands. Here, we studied how enrichment of temperate European Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) forest by North-American northern red oak Quercus rubra impacted macronutrient concentrations in two long-lived and dominant components of the forest understory: bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus and lingonberry V. vitis-idaea. Study sites were located in forest complexes (central Poland) which occupy continuously reforested lands (hereafter ancient forests) as well as post-agricultural lands (recent forests), all suitable for mesic pine forests. Samples of bilberry and lingonberry leaves, stems, and fruits were collected in pine stands and in adjacent Scots pine-red oak stands, in both ancient and recent forests. Concentrations of macronutrients (C, N, P, K, Ca, S, and Mg) in aboveground biomass components were analysed using standardized chemical procedures. The study revealed intra- and interspecific (bilberry vs. lingonberry) differences in concentrations of all nutrients in leaves, stems, and fruits, except for invariable C concentrations. Macronutrient accumulations in plants were decreased by land-use discontinuity and favoured by enrichment of tree stands by Q. rubra. The estimated macronutrient pools were much higher for V. myrtillus than V. vitis-idaea in all forest types studied. They were lower in forests enriched with Q. rubra, both ancient (up to 25.5% for bilberry and 99.9% for lingonberry) and recent (46.9% and 99.9%, respectively), as well as in recent pine forest (46.6% and 81.1%, respectively) than in ancient pine forest. Higher K and S pools (39.3% and 6.5%, respectively) noted for bilberry in an ancient forest with Q. rubra were exceptions. Despite more effective accumulations of elements at the species level, macronutrient pools of Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea decreased significantly in the presence of introduced Q. rubra due to negative impacts of this broadleaved tree on bilberry and lingonberry cover and biomass. Therefore, the limitation of alien Q. rubra planting in sites of mesic pine forest with the abundant occurrence of V. myrtillus and/or V. vitis-idaea is recommended.
Graphic abstract19.
Kazuhiko Masaka Hajime Sato Hirokazu Kon Minoru Fukuchi 《Journal of Forest Research》2012,17(5):421-431
Prevention efforts to combat pine wilt disease must be instituted to avoid destruction of coastal forests in Hokkaido, northern Japan. We examine an alternative method involving the conversion of Pinus thunbergii forests to native broadleaf species through advancing their growth, but we have little knowledge about the response of advanced growth to overhead canopy release. To demonstrate the demographic and height growth response of advanced growth to the light change in a coastal Pinus thunbergii forest, canopy trees were removed and the sapling populations were monitored for 6?years. Inhibition in height growth caused by light increase was observed in Cerasus sargentii and Kalopanax septemlobus saplings. Especially in Kalopanax septemlobus, a remarkable decline was observed in the saplings growing in the darker positions which experienced light change. Therefore, large light changes should be carefully avoided for this species especially in the darker positions. In contrast, relative height growth rates of Quercus crispula and, especially, Quercus dentata increased with increasing light, and saplings tended to die in the darker positions. No dead trees of Sorbus commixta were observed during the study period. The saplings also showed good height growth even when under closed canopy. This species seems to be adaptive to a dark environment. Since Quercus dentata and Kalopanax septemlobus are the major components of the natural coastal forests in Hokkaido, gradual canopy release is available to foster advanced growth in coastal Pinus thunbergii forest, in accordance with the concept of density control in coastal forests. 相似文献
20.
lNTRODUCTIONTherhythInofKorcanpinegrowingandtrpearchitectUreissubjectedtoitsownl1crcd-ityandforeststructUre.Tl1cil11portantefTcctsofgapdynamicsarethereasonsthatmaketl1cKoreanpinetrceformhighqualityoftimbcr.Whilecurrentn1anagemcntofKoreanpincforestmainlyfocusesonpurestand,thccco-logicalrelationshipsbetWcenKoreanpineandothcrsPecicsinaconununityareneglected,thcprimitivebiologicalconditionislost.TheKo-reanpinetrecsinplantationcasilydivergeonthctOpofmainsten1,thesescverelyaITectthcgrOedqu… 相似文献