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1.
旱胁迫对啤酒大麦产量及酿造品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在武威黄羊镇啤酒大麦试验基地进行了干旱胁迫对甘啤6号生育期、农艺性状、籽粒产量、原麦品质、酿造品质的影响试验研究。结果表明:干旱胁迫下甘啤6号各生育期均提前,成活率降低,分蘖减少,株高、穗长、单株穗数、单株粒数、单株粒重、单穗粒重、穗粒数均降低;干旱胁迫使甘啤6号成穗数、穗粒数、千粒重均降低,导致产量降低,其中对成穗数影响最大,其次为穗粒数,对千粒重影响最小;干旱胁迫使大麦蛋白质含量升高,千粒重、淀粉含量和筛选率均降低,千粒重降幅尤其明显;干旱胁迫使麦芽糖化时间、糖化力、粘度、β-葡聚糖、微粉浸出率、粗细粉差降低,粗粉浸出率、a-氨基氮、可溶性氮、蛋白质、库值升高。 相似文献
2.
北疆超晚冬播小麦高产生育规律及干物质积累研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探明北疆超晚冬播小麦高产生育特性和干物质积累分配规律,2016—2018年采用裂区设计研究了3个超晚冬播处理(B_0、B_1、B_2)与春播处理(B_3)对新春6号、新春27号、新春29号、新春43号的生育特性、叶面积指数、干物质积累和产量的影响。结果表明:超晚播小麦比春小麦(B_3)早出苗13～24 d、早成熟7～9 d,延长生育期2～18 d,增加穗粒数1.6%～45.5%、增加千粒重9.4%～19.5%;降低基本苗数15.6%～60.0%、总茎数峰值5.4%～24.2%、成穗数21.3%～36.7%、叶面积指数峰值25.7%～37.7%,可增加干物质积累质量4.4%～44.1%,提高经济系数6.4%～21.5%,增加产量11.4%～21.2%。各品种超晚冬播处理以11月初播种(B_2)产量较高。其中,新春27号B_2获得产量7 852.8 kg·hm~(-2),生育期较春小麦延长13 d,早熟9 d;基本苗数270万株·hm~(-2)、成穗数441.7万穗·hm~(-2),最高叶面积指数4.6,干物质积累质量17 685.7 kg·hm~(-2),经济系数为0.47。新春27号在11月初播种,播量为1 000万粒·hm~(-2),可获得产量7 852.8 kg·hm~(-2)。 相似文献
3.
模拟不同降水类型旱地冬小麦产量性状的通径分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
以旱地冬小麦品种“郑旱１号”为材料,研究了模拟豫西旱地９种降水类型冬小麦产量性状的通径分析。结果表明,降水量与旱地小麦产量及成穗数和穗粒数呈显著的正相关,三个产量性状对产量影响的大小顺序为：成穗数〉穗粒数〉千粒重,底墒水对产量的贡献大于生育期降水的作用。提示旱地小麦蓄足底墒,增加土壤水分含量,促进小麦分蘖成穗是提高旱地小麦产量的重要途径。 相似文献
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不同生育阶段灌水处理对糜子农艺性状及产量的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在年降雨量不足40 mm的甘肃省敦煌市,以陇糜10号为指示品种,研究了不同生育阶段灌水处理对糜子主要农艺性状及产量的影响,应用灰色关联度法分析了主要农艺性状与产量的相关性。结果表明：水分亏缺延迟糜子成熟,延长了拔节至抽穗阶段的生长发育天数;生育期内任何阶段水分亏缺都降低了糜子株高、千粒重和产量,主穗长缩短,主茎粗变细,抽穗灌浆期水分亏缺极显著地影响单株穗重、单株粒重及单位面积穗数。不同土壤水分条件下,糜子单株粒重、单株穗重、千粒重、株高、主茎粗、主穗长、单位面积穗数都与糜子产量相关性较大。 相似文献
7.
燕麦种质资源农艺性状的遗传多样性分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了国内外54份燕麦种质资源的遗传多样性,归纳其遗传亲缘关系,为合理利用燕麦品种(系)资源提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)54份种质资源农艺性状间存在广泛的遗传多样性,5个质量性状(粒色、粒型、穗型、小穗型、抗病性)以抗病性的多样性指数最高,粒色的遗传多样性指数最低;8个数量性状(单株分蘖数、株高、穗长、小穗数、轮层数、单株粒数、单株粒重、千粒重)以单株粒重的遗传多样性指数最高,变异系数最大。(2)聚类分析将54份种质资源的8个数量性状分为4大类群,类群Ⅰ为高秆、大粒型育种目标亲本材料;类群Ⅱ为矮秆育种目标亲本材料,类群Ⅲ的有益性状不明显,为多目标性状育种的亲本材料,类群Ⅳ为增加轮层数、小穗数等育种目标的优良材料。 相似文献
8.
以9个不同基因型啤酒大麦品种(系)为供试材料,比较了籽粒灌浆特性及产量性状等指标。结果表明:不同基因型啤酒大麦品种(系)籽粒灌浆过程均呈"S"型曲线变化,开花后天数与千粒重的关系均符合Logistic方程,籽粒灌浆速率变化均呈"慢—快—慢"规律;高秆、旗叶宽大的品种(系)粒重增加时间较早;分蘖能力强或旗叶宽大的品种(系)灌浆速率峰值显现较早,且为单峰,其他品种(系)则为双峰;株高、分蘖能力、旗叶适中的品种(系)保持较高灌浆速率的持续时间较长;在各灌浆特征参数中,最大灌浆速率(Rmax)与产量的灰色关联度最大,平均灌浆速率(R)与千粒重的灰色关联度最大,起始生长势(C0)对前期贡献率的灰色关联度最大。旗叶宽大、分蘖能力和抗旱性较强的品种(系)穗长和穗粒重最大,穗粒数最多,具有一定的产量优势,可作为育种选择目标。0110-16和甘啤7号品种(系)单位面积产量较高,可在生产上推广应用。 相似文献
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宁夏南部山区冬小麦抗旱指标鉴定研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了更快速有效地利用现有资源,选育适宜宁南山区旱地种植的冬小麦新品种,本试验通过抗旱系数、主成分分析、相关分析及聚类分析等方法对8个品种12个性状进行研究。结果表明:8个品种根据抗旱系数不同,可分为抗旱性强、中、弱3个等级;12个性状的主要信息主要集中在4个主成分中,累积贡献率达93.40%,这4个主成分因子主要反映产量、抗旱系数、穗长、穗粒数、千粒重、单株粒重、株高、不实小穗数、颖花结实率9个性状。产量、穗下节长和株高与抗旱系数间为显著或极显著正相关。通过聚类分析将8个品种聚为3类,第一类包含3个品种,分别是Z0217-3,Z0231-3和对照中引6号,这三个品种的产量、抗旱系数、穗下节长、千粒重及株高等主要指标在第三类和第二类之间,但穗长、穗粒数及单株粒重在三类中平均值最低。第二类包含2个品种,分别是98-5808-1和Z0228-2-1,这两个品种的穗粒数、单株粒重和不实小穗数三个指标平均值最高,但产量、抗旱系数、穗下节长、千粒重等指标平均值最低。第三类包含3个品种,分别是Z0349-4,08AWS089和晋太0509,这三个品种平均产量高,抗旱系数高,平均穗长最大,平均穗下节长最长,平均结实小穗数最多,千粒重最大、株高最高。 相似文献
11.
Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
12.
Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
13.
The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
14.
Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
15.
M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
16.
B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献
17.
L. Blommers H. Helsen F. Vaal 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1988,94(2):95-103
The phenology of the autumn leafroller,Syndemis musculana, a local pest of apple, was studied in order to forecast larval emergence. From 1983–1986, peak flight as determined with sexpheromone traps was always between 13–18 May. The duration of embryonic development was determined at various constant temperatures and used to estimate the periods of egg hatch in these four years. Each year, most eggs should have hatched in the second decade of June.Differences in attack rates between apple cultivars seem to be explained largely by the variation in picking time. Larvae are only half grown at the beginning of harvest (cv. James Grieve), and have gone into hibernation when the latest variety (cv. Golden Delicious) is picked. Moreover, the varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Belle de Boskoop, picked about half time, are liable to receive additional damage by caterpillars brought with the picked fruits into storage.Various hymenopterous parasites were reared from caterpillars. As the only leafroller in the orchard which hibernates as mature larva,S. musculana may promote winter survival of some parasitoids, like the eulophidColpyclypeus florus.Samenvatting De fenologie van de herfstbladroller (Syndemis musculana Hübner), een incidentele plaag op appel, werd nader bepaald met het doel het uitkomen van de eieren te kunnen voorspellen. In 1983–1986 viel de piekvlucht, bepaald met behulp van feromoonvallen, steeds tussen 13 en 18 mei.De ontwikkelingsduur van de eieren bij verschillende constante temperaturen werd gebruikt om de periode van uitkomen te schatten. De meeste eieren zullen ieder jaar in de eerste helft van juni uitkomen.Geconstateerde verschillen in schade tussen appelrassen blijken goeddeels terug te voeren op verschillen in pluktijdstip. De rupsen van de herfstbladroller zijn pas half-was als de eerste appels eind augustus geplukt worden, terwijl tegen het einde van de oogst begin oktober de meeste al in winterslaap zijn. Met name tussentijdse rassen, als Cox's Orange Pippin and Schone van Boskoop, lopen extra schade op doordat grotere rupsen met de geplukte vruchten in de kist terecht komen.Uit de rupsen werden negen, al van andere boomgaardbladrollers bekende, sluipwespen gekweekt, Omdat deze bladrollersoort, als enige in de boomgaard, als volgroeide rups overwintert, lijkt zij bij uitstek geschikt als winterwaard.This study was carried out at the Experimental Orchard De Schuilenburg, Schuilenburg 3, 4041 BK Kesteren, the Netherlands, to which address correspondence should be addressed. 相似文献
18.
F. K. Crutcher M. A. Henry‐Gregory H. H. Wilkinson S. E. Duke T. Wheeler C. M. Kenerley 《Plant pathology》2018,67(4):839-847
In the summer of 2004 an epidemic of sclerotinia blight of peanut, a disease caused by Sclerotinia minor, occurred in Texas in fields where the disease was never previously detected. The disease was observed on many plants within one of the fields (>3000 disease foci), although most foci were <1 m. It is hypothesized that these observations were inconsistent with the recent introduction of a monocyclic pathogen, even if disease developed under conducive environmental conditions. The pattern of disease is most suggestive of the presence of foliar (ascospore) infections, although air temperature was above the known limits for apothecia development if the pathogen had arrived in the field in 2004 peanut seed. To further examine this epidemic, 232 isolates were collected, across a variety of spatial scales spanning this field and other Texas peanut fields, and evaluated for aggressiveness, fungicide sensitivity and genotypic diversity. There was wide variation among isolates for the phenotypic characteristics measured, but there was no evidence that a genotypically unique, highly aggressive, and fungicide resistant isolate had been introduced or evolved. The predominant genotype, TX1, which contained 154 isolates, was found in every county and field population. 相似文献
19.
H. A. Van Hoof H. Huttinga A. Knaap H. P. Maas Geesteranus W. H. M. Mosch D. G. J. De Raay-Wieringa 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1979,85(3):87-98
In 1975 many tumours were observed in plants ofBegonia Schwabenland grown in Aalsmeer. Submersion of the roots ofNicotiana megalosiphon seedlings in a homogenate of tumorous tissue, induced tumours after two weeks. Short periods of submergence yielded results similar to those obtained after longer periods. Tumour homogenates lost their infectivity after ten min at 50°C. Aphids transmitted the infectious agent.Treatment with propylene oxide did not inhibit infectivity completely. Filtration through a 450 nm filter removed the infectious agent.Tobacco tumor virus or a viroid could not be isolated. Cultures ofCorynebacterium fascians, isolated from tumours ofN. megalosiphon were highly infectious and induced tumours in healthyN. megalosiphon andBegonia. Tumorous tissue homogenates ofPelargonium zonale, Dahlia sp.,Gladiolus sp., andLilium sp. also caused tumours inN. megalosiphon, from whichC. fascians was isolated. It was not possible to produce tumours inN. megalosiphon with homogenates from roses with symptoms of bud proliferation.Samenvatting In 1975 werden vele tumoren waargenomen inBegonia Schwabenland op Aalsmeerse bedrijven (Fig. 1). De infectiositeit van tumorweefsel kon goed en snel worden vastgesteld door de wortels van zaailingen vanNicotiana megalosiphon in een homogenaat van tumorweefsel te dompelen. Tumoren ontstonden na twee weken, de eindbeoordeling geschiedde na een maand (Fig. 2). Ook verschillende andereNicotiana spp.,Melilotus officinalis (Fig. 3) enPisum odoratum (Fig. 4) werden aangetast.Bij de infectiositeitstoets gaven zeer korte dompeltijden even goede resultaten als langere (Tabel 1). Infectieus sap verloor zijn infectievermogen na 10 min verhitting bij 50°C. Bladluizen brachten de smetstof over. Propyleenoxide verminderde de infectiositeit wel, doch onderdrukte deze niet totaal. Bij filtratie door een 450 nm filter bleef het infectieuse agens op het filter achter. Het tumor-inducerende agens was ook aanwezig in die delen van planten met tumoren welke gezond leken en het ging voor een gering deel over met zaad (Tabel 2).Uit tumoren konden wij geen tabakstumorvirus of een viroïde isoleren. Culturen vanCorynebacterium fascians, geïsoleerd uit tumoren vanN. megalosiphon bleken zeer infectieus en veroorzaakten tumoren inN. megalosiphon enBegonia. Homogenaten van tumorweefsel vanPelargonium zonale, dahlia (Fig. 5), gladiool (Fig. 6) enLilium Mid Century Hybrid Enchantment (Fig. 7) veroorzaakten ook tumoren opN. megalosiphon, waaruitC. fascians werd geïsoleerd. Met sap van kroeskopzieke rozen konden wijN. megalosiphon niet besmetten. 相似文献
20.
Pedro W. Crous J.Z. Groenewald Walter Gams 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(8):841-850
Four species so far classified in Pseudocercosporella or Ramulispora (hyphomycetes) are associated with eyespot disease symptoms of cereals. Two of these have been linked to teleomorphs that were described in Tapesia. Sequence data derived from the Internal Transcribed Spacer region (ITS1, 5.8S and ITS2) of the rDNA operon showed, however, that the eyespot fungi associated with Tapesia are not congeneric with Ramulispora sorghi, the type of Ramulispora. The genus name Tapesia is now rejected in favour of the conserved name Mollisia, which appears to comprise heterogeneous fungi. Tapesia yallundae is not closely related to the type of Mollisia, M. cinerea, but clusters separately, being more closely allied to species with Cadophora anamorphs. A new holomorph genus, Oculimacula, is therefore proposed for teleomorphs of the eyespot fungi, while the anamorphs are accommodated in Helgardia gen. nov. 相似文献