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1.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2010,(12)
利用ISSR分子标记技术,对湖南城步马尾松种子园的4个种源区的117个无性系的马尾松遗传多样性进行了研究。采用了10个ISSR引物扩增共获得了218个标记位点,其中有210个为多态位点,多态位点比率为96.33%。不同种源区多态位点百分率在88.99%~90.37%之间。其中两广种源区的多态位点百分率最高,达90.37%,说明其种源内遗传变异水平在4个种源区中是最高的。总的Shannon多样性指数为0.503 0。Nei’s遗传多样性指数为0.334 7。各个种源区的遗传一致度的变化范围在0.968 9~0.981 2之间,各群体间的基因分化系数为0.039 3,基因流为12.221 9。4个种源区间Nei’s遗传距离UPGMA聚类分析结果表明,遗传距离(0.019 0)最小的为雪峰山地种源区与贵州种源区首先聚类,雪峰山地种源区、贵州种源区与南岭山脉种源区依次聚类,遗传距离最大(0.031 6)的是两广种源区与贵州种源区,两广种源区在遗传距离上与其他3个种源区的聚类相距较远,这与其地理分布格局大致吻合。本研究的初步结果为无性系种子园的经营和择伐提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
2.
利用ISSR分子标记技术,对露水河红松种子园内7个无性系种源92个个体的遗传多样性进行了分析.通过14个ISSR引物的扩增,共检测到100个位点,多态位点58个.7个种源的多态位点百分比、Shnnon基因多样性指数、Nei基因多样性指数和有效等位基因指数所体现的遗传多样性变化规律一致,永华种源最低,西林河种源最高,依次为:西林河种源＞宏伟种源＞联营种源＞丽林种源＞东升种源＞寒月种源＞永华种源.对7个种源进行遗传聚类分析,以0.025遗传距离划分,可以将7个种源分为3个种源区.红松种源的遗传距离和地理距离相关性不明显. 相似文献
3.
用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分子标记方法对巨桉11个种源80个个体进行了遗传变异的比较分析.通过20个10bp随机引物的扩增,共检测到149个位点,其中89个为多态性标记位点,总的多态位点百分率为59.73%.各个种源多态位点百分率较高,为42.86%～55.89%,多态位点最多的是8号种源,最低的是6号种源.Shannon表型多样度估测值的统计表明,遗传多样性主要存在种源内部.遗传变异在种源间占28.74%,在种源个体间占71.26%.Shannon表型多样度估测值在种源间为0.1720～0.2650,平均为0.2373.8号种源的遗传多样性最高,6号种源的遗传多样性最低;种源间的遗传距离为0.0391～0.1344,平均为0.0817.这些遗传变异为巨桉优良种源的早期选择提供了科学依据. 相似文献
4.
不同种源印楝遗传多样性的ISSR分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用ISSR分子标记技术对印楝进行遗传多样性分析,用9条引物进行扩增,共检测出81条清晰的位点,其中79条具有多态性,多态位点百分率为97．53％,Nei＇s基因多样性指数为0．3803,Shannon信息指数为0．5537,表明印楝遗传多样性很丰富。种源间遗传分化系数为0．4702,Shannon’s居群分化系数为0．4677,表明印楝种源内的遗传分化大于种源间的分化。聚类分析将13个种源分为2大类,来自缅甸的11个种源聚成一类,来自澳大利亚和印度的种源聚成另外一类。结果表明,ISSR分子标记技术适合于印楝的遗传多样性分析。 相似文献
5.
利用12个ISSR标记分析马尾松1代育种群体中78个不同产地来源的优良亲本遗传变异,发现基于ISSR标记扩增的多态位点百分率、Nei's基因多样性指数和Shannon信息多样性指数均较高,表明马尾松1代育种亲本的整体遗传多样性水平较高.78个亲本之间遗传距离变化范围为0.115～0.776,平均遗传距离为0.371.亲本之间的ISSR遗传距离与亲本产地的纬向地理距离关系密切,纬度相差较大的亲本间ISSR遗传距离相对较大.利用部分参试亲本进行测交系交配并分析其中的优良杂交组合,发现大部分优良组合父本、母本产地的纬向地理距离较远,同时亲本间ISSR遗传距离也较大.根据本研究结果,应优先选择来自纬度差异较大的不同种源区、同时ISSR遗传距离也较大的优树作为高世代育种亲本,不仅能有效维持高世代育种群体较高的遗传多样性,也利于创制更多强优势杂交组合,提高杂种优势利用程度. 相似文献
6.
巨桉群体遗传结构分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用20个l0bp随机引物对巨桉11个种源80个个体进行了群体遗传变异的比较分析。共检测到149个位点,其中89个为多态性标记位点,总的多态位点百分率为59．73％。其种源内多态位点百分率(P)、香农信息指数(SI)及遗传分化指数(DC)值均较高,巨桉各种源内遗传变异性丰富;种源间遗传分化指数百分比(PDC)显示,PDC值介于1．52％～10．42％之间,说明巨桉种源间遗传变异较小,即种源群体的变异主要存在于群体内部。8号、10号种源内具有较高的遗传变异,3号和6号种源内的变异水平较低。这些为巨桉种源的选择提供了有利的遗传基础。 相似文献
7.
对龙江县错海林场11年生长白落叶松11个种源和10年生兴安落 叶松17个种源试验林进行观察研究,结果表明:各种源主要生长性状遗传分化明 显,遗传变异稳定,种源生长早晚期高度相关,4～5年可作为种源早期选择的初选 年龄;种源地理变异,长白落叶松是以经度为主要变异方向。兴安落叶松则是以 经度、纬度、海拔为主要的三重渐变;分别将长白和兴安落叶松种源划分三个类型, 即速生丰产型、中等类型和慢生低产型;选出优良种源,长白为大海林、白刀山和 小北湖三个,11年生时,树高、胸径和材积可分别获得11.2％、15.5％和38.5％ 的遗传增益。兴安选出优良种源两个,即友好和乌伊岭种源,10年生时,树高、胸 径和材积可分别获得14.6％、30.3％和77.4％的遗传增益。 相似文献
8.
为从分子水平探讨杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)种源空间遗传变异模式,采用ISSR分子标记对杉木全分布区内的40个种源进行遗传多样性分析。结果显示:9条ISSR引物共检测出133条带,其中122条多态性条带,多态条带百分率(PPB)为91.73%,各种源PPB和Shannon表型多样性指数(HPOP)分别为37.46%~55.75%和0.201 5~0.344 5,物种水平多态性条带百分率和Shannon信息指数(HSP)分别为89.86%和0.565 5;分子方差分析(AMOVA)揭示,种源间遗传分化系数(ΦST)为0.4651,这表明杉木种源具有较高的遗传多样性,种源间遗传分化较大。UPGMA法聚类表明,参试的40个杉木种源可分为7地理种源区。 相似文献
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10.
兴安落叶松种源区划及优良种源选择 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对兴安落叶松17个种源的树高、胸径和材积等生长性状进行方差分析的结果表明：种源间差异显著或极显著，并通过相关分析研究了兴安落叶松地理变异规律。兴安落叶松的生长性状主要受3个因子的影响。经度和海拔为主，纬度为辅，呈现出水平和垂直双向连续渐变的特点。对生长性状和各种源的地理位置进行聚类分析，划分为3个种源区：大兴安岭南、西、北部种源区；小兴安岭北部、大兴安岭东部种源区；小兴安岭东南部种源区。对各种源的生长性状进行了多重比较，选出乌伊岭和友好种源为帽儿山及其毗邻地区的最佳种源。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
15.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
19.
Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献