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Vincent P Jones Jay F Brunner Gary G Grove Brad Petit Gerald V Tangren Wendy E Jones 《Pest management science》2010,66(6):587-595
BACKGROUND: Integrated pest management (IPM) decision‐making has become more information intensive in Washington State tree crops in response to changes in pesticide availability, the development of new control tactics (such as mating disruption) and the development of new information on pest and natural enemy biology. The time‐sensitive nature of the information means that growers must have constant access to a single source of verified information to guide management decisions. RESULTS: The authors developed a decision support system for Washington tree fruit growers that integrates environmental data [140 Washington State University (WSU) stations plus weather forecasts from NOAA], model predictions (ten insects, four diseases and a horticultural model), management recommendations triggered by model status and a pesticide database that provides information on non‐target impacts on other pests and natural enemies. A user survey in 2008 found that the user base was providing recommendations for most of the orchards and acreage in the state, and that users estimated the value at $ 16 million per year. CONCLUSIONS: The design of the system facilitates education on a range of time‐sensitive topics and will make it possible easily to incorporate other models, new management recommendations or information from new sensors as they are developed. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Mogens S. Hovmøller Karen E. Henriksen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(3):377-385
The present paper presents the rationale for the use of pathogen surveys, inoculated and non-inoculated disease nurseries
and varietal resistance characteristics in an integrated approach to control wheat yellow rust in Denmark. The non-inoculated
disease observation plots, which gave valuable information about yellow rust at the year, site and variety level, served as
the primary sample source for the pathogen survey revealing pathogen virulence dynamics. This survey was also the main source
for isolates of new pathotypes, a prerequisite for the assessment of the resistance characteristics of varieties and breeding
lines in inoculated nurseries, and the postulation of race-specific resistance genes. A simple grouping of varieties into
four categories with respect to resistance to the current yellow rust population proved robust, and this grouping was used
as a determinant in a web-based decision support system for pesticide applications in cereals, Crop Protection On-line (CPO).
The interplay between the different research and survey activities in the integrated pest management (IPM) approach demonstrated
the need for a coherent and long-term involvement at all stages from plant breeding to the official variety approval system,
extension service and research in disease epidemiology and resistance genetics. 相似文献
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Arthur W. Waitt 《Pest management science》1975,6(2):199-208
Pesticides are an essential part of modern agricultural technology required to provide high quality and high yields of food, feed and fibres. The pesticide industry faces widespread environmental concern, rising costs for research and development and increasingly stringent regulations. These pressures demand a highly critical appraisal of all stages of product evaluation, product development and of capital investment. The safe use of pesticides is the joint responsibility of government and industry; their effective cooperation can only be assured by ready dialogue combined with willingness to compromise on legislation and registration procedures, nationally and internationally, for the benefit of improved technology. 相似文献
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Information about pesticide use and perceptions of their risks among farmers is important for identifying problems associated with pest-control decisions and developing appropriate management practices in given crops. In tobacco, a plant sensitive to many pests and diseases, such information is lacking. The patterns of pesticide use in oriental tobacco, as well as the most important factors for farmers’ decisions relating to chemical pest control were studied among randomly selected farmers in northern Greece on the basis of self-reported information acquired through a pre-tested questionnaire. High reliance of farmers on pesticides and field use of all well-known classes of chemical pesticides were reported. While all the active ingredients reported were registered for pest control in tobacco, they differed considerably in terms of toxicity. A normal cropping season received at least 14–16 pesticide applications for soil disinfection, pest control, and weed control. Most farmers stated that they usually spray chemicals on a calendar basis or on the first appearance of a pest. Efficacy on target pests and market price of the pesticide products to be used were the most important criteria for selection of pesticides, i.e. products that are considered to be highly effective and/or that are cheap are more likely to be selected. Better-educated and more experienced farmers were found to pay more attention to environmental safety and pesticide toxicity. Most farmers felt that pesticide use can reduce crop damage by more than 75%, assuring high yields. Main determinants of pesticide use were primarily the fear of severe yield and economic losses and the doubts about the effectiveness and the correct implementation of alternative pest-control methods. Pesticide use could be reduced by exposing farmers to improved pest-control practices such as site-specific integrated pest management. 相似文献
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农业生产过程中农药使用不当的现象普遍存在,易导致残留超标等风险。本研究利用大数据分析与人工智能技术,通过采集、清洗农药登记信息,挖掘风险指标数据,构建了农药安全使用规范数据库,并在此基础上建立了农药使用风险智能预警模型,以期降低农药使用风险,提高农产品质量安全。该模型可集成到农业生产管理系统和监管系统中,供农户和监管部门使用。当农户录入农事操作信息时,模型可根据用药记录智能识别出超范围、超剂量、超频次等不当用药操作和违反安全间隔期的采收操作,给出预警提示,将安全保障的窗口前移,从而实现产中实时预警、产后自动研判,为农业生产提供技术支撑,为监管部门提供决策参考。 相似文献
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借鉴模糊评分法,根据用户对品种特性要求,计算小麦品种特征值的置信度,并建立小麦品种综合评价模型和基于置信度的品种选择模型;依据系统设计原理和组件化程序设计思想,通过藕合数据库技术、Web开发技术和模型技术,用可视化网页开发软件Tomcat 5.5、java语言及MySQL 5.0数据库,设计开发基于Web的小麦种质资源环境配置决策支持系统。该系统具有信息查询、综合评价、良种推荐和系统优化等功能,可为农业高效种植提供辅助决策服务。 相似文献
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亚热带果树病虫害动态咨询网站的构建及其功能 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
网站由病虫识别、网络咨询、植物医院、专家论坛、信息快车、BBS等子系统组成。在Frontpage 2000和Dreamweaver 4.0网页编辑工具下开发,采用ASP动态网页技术提高咨询性能,可提供在线病虫识别、发生规律、防治措施、农药品种和防治处方咨询。系统动态性强,果树病虫害最新信息可在网上发布,为同行间的协作提供畅通的交流渠道。网站采用后台管理模式,进行数据添加、修改和维护。 相似文献
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在汉化Visual Foxpro 6.0 支持下开发出的农药信息咨询系统具有强大的功能,
以农药处方、农药性能数据库为基础, 针对不同病虫草害提出一系列可供用户选择的处方与详
细说明, 同时提供病虫害发生特点和综合防治措施。系统模糊查询性能强, 灵活方便, 提供较完
整的信息量, 可在实践中充分发挥计算机咨询系统的优势。 相似文献
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J. C. Felton 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1969,75(1):31-41
The influences on pest control that are external to the pesticide industry are discussed first. The complexity of the interrelationship between the five main parties to the pesticide controversy (the farmer, the public, the pesticide manufacturer, wild life interests and the government) explains in some measure the intensity of the controveersy itself. It is to be hoped that with increasing knowledge all parties will be able to move together along an agreed, optimum course.The responses within pest control in general, and the pesticide industry in particular, to these external influences are then discussed. Existing pest control practices largely utilise control at the level of the individual. Much current research relates to population control procedures. The pesticide industry is concerned with innovations relating to the mode of action of conventional insecticides as well as to new ways of using chemicals to control insect populations. It is suggested the long term success of population control procedures depends as much on the provision of appropriate organisasuccess of population control procedures depends as much on the provision of appropriate organisational requirements as on solving the technical problems.Finally, the likely future couse of pest control is considered. It is suggested that over the next 10 years or more the major burden of pest control will continue to fall on the pesticide industry much as at present. The first innovations, over the period 5–15 years hence, are likely to concern conventional pesticides with novel modes of action. Population control procedures will gradually become established and this process will accelerate over the period 10–20 years hence and beyond. However, full benefit from such procedures will only accrue if organisatonal requirements have been met. 相似文献
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Jay Ram Lamichhane Birol Akbas Claus Bo Andreasen Wilma Arendse Sylvia Bluemel Silke Dachbrodt-Saaydeh 《国际虫害防治杂志》2018,64(4):352-358
Recent years have seen an increasing effort towards the development and adoption of sustainable crop protection strategies, especially in the EU. Several policy frameworks have been put in place including the EU framework Directive (128/EC/2009) on the sustainable use of pesticides. Consequently, all EU Member States developed National Action Plans to ensure the implementation of the general principles of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) by all professional pesticide users starting from January 1, 2014. On the other hand, there are also difficulties related to the adoption of IPM in Europe and worldwide which seek for a better understanding of factors hindering IPM uptake. This paper presents the potential role that each actor of the food chain may have – called here stakeholders – to ensure a higher level IPM adoption in Europe. The information reported here is a summary based on several discussions held within a three-year European Research Area Network project on Coordinated Integrated Pest Management (ERA-Net C-IPM; http://c-ipm.org/). 相似文献
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Thomas M Chappell Roger D Magarey Ryan W Kurtz Christina M Trexler Godshen R Pallipparambil Ernie F Hain 《Pest management science》2019,75(11):2865-2872
Several problems limit the productivity and acceptance of crop protection, including pesticide overuse, pesticide resistance, poor adoption of integrated pest management (IPM), declining funding for research and extension, and inefficiencies of scale. We discuss the proposition that alternative business models for crop protection can address these problems by incentivizing and benefiting from efficiency of pesticide use. Currently, business models are not linked to the adoption of IPM and are sometimes at odds with IPM practices. We explore a business model based on the provision of pest management adequacy through services rather than the sale of pesticide products. Specifically, we advocate for establishment of crop protection adequacy standards that would allow a market system to maximize efficiency. Changing some of the relationships between agricultural companies and producers from one based on products to one based on services is an idea worthy of debate and evaluation for improving the efficiency of pest management. Contemporary information technology enhancing monitoring and coordination warrants attention in this debate. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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H. DRENTH J. HOEK† R. A. DAAMEN† W. A. H. ROSSING§ W. STOL† F. G. WIJNANDS¶ 《EPPO Bulletin》1989,19(3):417-424
EPIPRE is an integrated pest and disease management system for wheat based on on-line calculations of costs and benefits of pesticide treatments. It is field-specific and utilizes disease and pest incidences which are collected by the participating farmers. Incidences are transformed to severities through pest-specific relations with which a prediction of the epidemic is made according to an exponential development model. Integration of the epidemic over time, with multiplication by a pest-specific damage factor, delivers the expected damage till the end of the season, expressed as a fraction of the expected yield. Chemical control is only recommended when benefit of control exceeds total costs, including those for pesticide(s), labour, machinery and wheel-track damage. The current model needs improvement especially for the forecast of septoria blotch diseases, the field-specific quantification of the relative growth rates used and the damage relations of Puccinia striiformis and Mycosphaerella graminicola/Leptosphaeria nodorum. Also the cost-benefit analysis of the model can be improved, and it therefore, in the near future, needs contributions from research topics such as phytopathology, crop physiology, farm economics and information management. Using the model during the last 10 years has led to a reduced input of pesticides, which in its turn results in a lowering of production costs and a marked decrease in environmental pollution. Therefore future efforts to improve the model seem to be worthwhile. 相似文献
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为了让农户能够直观了解及掌握常见病虫害的防治信息,帮助农户通过智能手机在农田、果园和茶园等现场方便快捷地获取作物病虫害图文识别要点与科学防治方法,为农户提供在线植保技术服务,本研究采用RESTful Web 服务架构设计,运用HTML5移动Web开发技术,借助微信平台作为用户访问入口,开发了一款跨平台 (android/iOS) 的农药速查软件系统,实现了农药信息查询、病虫害图谱查询及后台数据管理等功能。通过建立农药与病虫害间的关联关系,实现了从农药名称和病虫害名称两个途径查询农药信息;所构建的数据库涵盖了蔬菜、果树、水稻、茶叶及烟草等共30种福建省常规种植作物上的重要病虫害农药防治技术。初步运用验证结果表明,该系统整体实用性和稳定性较好,适合在农村基层推广应用。基于微信平台的农药速查系统能够满足植保新技术普及和应用的需求,可为农户提供简单便捷、对症下药的在线植保科技服务,对提高用户安全施药和科学防控能力、推进农药的增效减量均具有重要意义。 相似文献
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加强农药监管是保障农产品安全的关键 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对农药监管工作实践,提出了农药在法规、技术、流通、使用和监管等五个方面存在的问题,从完善法律法规、健全管理体制,严控风险农药、实行定点经营,加强用药指导、合理使用农药,开展宣传培训、依法诚信经营,完善监管制度、打击违规行为等方面提出了加强农药监管,保障农产品安全的对策。 相似文献
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Thomas MR 《Pest management science》2003,59(5):591-596
The last decade has seen an increasing requirement throughout the United Kingdom (UK) for accurate, timely information on pesticide usage on fresh produce such as vegetables to satisfy government legislation and provide data as part of the registration and review process of pesticides. These data, collected by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affair's Pesticide Usage Survey Group (PUSG), provide information on current and past usage patterns and allow the impact of use on the environment, operator and consumer to be more accurately assessed from actual usage patterns rather than worst-case scenarios. Surveys of commercially grown carrot, Brussels sprouts and onion crops in Great Britain were undertaken at regular intervals between 1986 and 1999, using fully stratified samples of growers. Only on Brussels sprouts was there a significant decline in pesticide use over this period, but the frequency of treatments increased on all three crops, reflecting the recent introduction of more active molecules and lower dose rates. The implications for growers of EU Directive 91/44 are discussed if active ingredients are lost because they fail to achieve Annex 1 listing. 相似文献
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The total value of agricultural production in the Ukraine amounts to $30 billion, equivalent to 30% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The annual cost of pesticide inputs is estimated to be $200–225 million. Herbicides and insecticides account for approximately 50% and 30% of pesticide use, respectively. The government has introduced a National Programme for the development of agricultural production over the next five to eight years. The programme envisages an expansion in agricultural production and pesticide use and a continuation of the move towards a free‐market economy. Improvements in crop yield and quality will benefit both the individual grower and the national economy. In the transition to the free‐market economy, growers require a clear understanding of present pesticide technology and crop production systems. A major change of attitude is required by all those people involved in providing and using pesticides to ensure that they are used both economically and safely. To address this issue, a Regional Academic Programme (REAP), involving Writtle College and Bila Tserkva State Agrarian University, has been initiated. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Abstract An online information system was developed to allow US growers to search pesticide application information for export of vegetables and fruits. By entering an export country, a crop name, pesticide type, and post harvest interval, a user can obtain a list of pesticides labeled for the crop, the pesticides suitable for use with export, and the associated pesticide application restriction (PAR) information for each pesticide in the recommended list. A relational database (Microsoft SQL Server 2000) was used to house the PAR data, pesticide labels, and pesticide maximum residue limit information (MRL). These data were obtained from governmental agencies and international organizations. The data were then entered into the system using an online data entry system developed using ColdFusion programming language. The database currently contains the registration information for over 1,100 pesticides, 20,000 MRL data entries, and 20,000 PAR entries. New data are updated frequently. The project web site is http://cipm.ncsu.edu/exportMRL. 相似文献