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1.
Duration from sowing to flowering is the most important trait influencing adaptation in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan), but the inheritance of this trait has not been elucidated clearly. Crosses were made between two early (60 to 70d) and
one late (160 to 170d) flowering pigeonpea genotype and F1, F2 and BC1 populations produced. These populations, comprising 60 to 100 parents, 30 F1, 400F2 and 40 to 50 BC1 plants, were grown under natural (mean13.4 hd-1) and artificially extended (to 15 hd-1) daylength and duration from sowing to first flowering recorded. Genetic analysis of the segregation ratios, supported by
Chi-square tests, indicated that the duration from sowing to flowering in each of the crosses was controlled by two genes
assorting independently and with predominantly additive quantitative effects. The segregation patterns were most clearly defined
in the 15 hd-1 daylength.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
cqDTFA7a and cqDTFC8, two major effects of early flowering QTL, were identified in the NNDH population of spring Brassica napus, and closely linked markers SSR G1803, InDel IA7-4, and SSR S035 with cqDTFC8 developed in previous studies. In this study, a BC2F2 population for early flowering QTL locus cqDTFC8 was constructed, and a closely linked SNP marker was further developed. The early flowering genotypes of one natural resources contained 93 spring B. napus varieties were identified used four closely linked markers with two loci, and selected 3164 and 2216 resources with cqDTFA7a site, 3484 and 2857 resources with cqDTFC8 site. Two site resources were aggregated by site polymerization through reciprocal hybridization. The polymerized DH system was rapidly obtained by microspore culture and maker assisted selection. A hybrid combination was created between polymeric line with good traits and early flowers and the Polima CMS, and the utilization value of the polymeric line was further analyzed by the production test at multiple environments for two consecutive years. cqDTFC8 encryption results showed that this site was located in the SNP11 and SNP12 interval, and separated from SNP11 altogether. The identification results of early flowering genotypes of natural resources showed that there were 50 individuals containing cqDTFA7a locus, with an average initial flowering period of 58.1 days; 16 single plants containing cqDTFC8 locus, with an average flowering period of 58.3 days; and 16 single plants containing two loci, with an average flowering period of 55.2 days, indicating the more early flowering sites containing, the earlier flowering. The results of polymerization showed that the flowering time of the polymerized lines of cqDTFC8 and cqDTFA7a was 2-3 days earlier than that of the single locus parents, among which the polymerized DH18 from 3164 of cqDTFA7a and 3484 of cqDTFC8 was 3 days earlier than that of the parents, and the yield-related traits were better than those of other lines. The combination of DH18 and the Polima CMS 025A was further utilized, and the combination was named TZG18. Yield results of two years and nine environments showed that yield of TZG18 was above 17.5% higher than the Haoyou 11, a local B. rapa variety on the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. Those results indicated that the early flowering site polymeric lines had an obvious advantage over the single locus lines in flowering time, and had an effect on the increasement of rapeseed yield. This study is a preliminary exploration of MAS breeding for early flowering traits of Brassica napus, providing materials support for replacing B.rapa varieties using early maturity Brassica napus varieties in spring rapeseed region, and approaches for gene polymerization breeding technology. 相似文献
3.
Summary These investigations were conducted to determine the effectiveness of first- and second-season selection programs for increasing forage and seed yield in kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.).Rhizo kura clover, the base population, was grown as spaced plants in two programs for six generations of selection for flowering in the seedling and second seasons. Remnant seed for each generation of selection was used to establish spaced plant and broadcast evaluation trials.The first-season selection program was effective in increasing flowering not only in the first season, but for two subsequent seasons. The second-season selection for flowering had little or no effect. However, vigor, forage and seed yields were not increased by either program, and the first-season program progressively reduced vigor and forage yields as generations of selection increased. The cause of this is unknown but may be associated with inbreeding depression or detrimental physiological effects of first-season flowering. Reselection to eliminate possible inbreeding effects is being conducted to further examine the possibility of increasing seedling and aftermath vigor in kura clover. 相似文献
4.
Precocious flowering in in vitro plantelets of sunflower is one of the unfavourable phenomena when using tissue endure. In this sundy additional evidence is presented on precocious flowering of sunflower regenerats. Three day/night cycles (16/8h. 12/12h and 8/16h) and some modifications of media were investigated. Under standard conditions (16/8h day night. 25C) 62% of the plamlels formed flowers, while 55% formed flowers when grown in 12/12 h day. night at 20C and 31% when plantiets were grown under cultivation conditions of 8/16h day-night ai 20C. According to the results obtained, precocious flowering of sunflower plantlets in tesl tubes depends on culture conditions, nutrition medium and genotype. It was found that 20C and 8/16h diiy/nighl was the most favourable condition to reduce precocious flowering of sunflower planllels in the lest tuhe. Modified nutrition media can also help to reduce in vitro flowering. 相似文献
5.
H. Jonkers 《Euphytica》1958,7(1):41-46
For shortening the life-cycle of strawberry plants a combination of seed- and plant treatment was applied to seeds and resulting seedlings of the varieties Climax, Jucunda and Deutsch Evern.Of the seed treatments applied, a cold treatment of 16 days at 3–5°C produced a very bad germination. A treatment with H2SO4 96% gave a more rapid germination and a considerably higher percentage of germination.Seedlings with three trifoliate leaves cannot be induced to flower by short-day treatment. For an effective short-day treatment of Deutsch Evern at least five and with Climax and Jucunda at least seven trifoliate leaves should be formed prior to short-day treatment. The freshly harvested seed from seedlings forced to rapid flowering has normal germination power.Through a combination of sulfuric acid treatment of the seed and a short-day treatment of the seedlings as soon as the latter have become sensitive, the life-cycle can be shortened from 18–24 months to 8–9 months.
Publikatie 175 相似文献
Publikatie 175 相似文献
6.
Summary Production of seed from selected plants in the shortest possible time is an important factor in the improvement of cauliflower. A requirement of the propagation technique is that it should not diminish plant growth. A modification in technique, previously reported, which included a portion of the curd in decapitation of the selected plants made it possible to obtain flowering in approximately 65 days after moving the plants to the greenhouse. 相似文献
7.
A novel photoperiod response gene, designated Ppd-B2, was mapped to wheat chromosome arm 7BS, using a set of lines carrying various segments of 7BS from the early flowering breeding
line ‘F26-70 7B’ in a background of the variety ‘Favorit’. The gene was 4.4 cM distal of the microsatellite locus Xgwm0537 and 20.7 cM proximal to Xgwm0255. In contrast to the well-characterized Ppd-1 genes, which require short days for expression, Ppd-B2 was detected when plants were exposed to a long photoperiod. The accelerated flowering produced by Ppd-B2 was correlated with increased grain protein content. 相似文献
8.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has a racemose type of inflorescence and at each axis of the raceme usually one or two and rarely three flowers are borne.
Plants producing 3 to 9 flowers, arranged in acymose inflorescence, at many axis of the raceme, were identified in F2 of an interspecific cross ICC 5783 (C. arietinum) × ICCW 9 (C. reticulatum)in which both the parents involved were single-flowered. A spontaneous mutation in one of the two parents or in the F1was suspected. However, the possibility for establishment of a rare recombination of two interacting recessive genes could
not be ruled out. The number of pods set varied from 0 to 5 in each cyme. Inheritance studies indicated that a single recessive
gene, designated cym, is responsible for cymose inflorescence. The allelic relationship of cym with sfl, a gene for double-flowered trait, was studied from a cross involving multi flowered plants and the double-flowered line
ICC 4929. Thecym gene was not allelic to sfl, suggesting that two loci control the number of flowers per peduncle in chickpea. The cym locus segregated independently of the locus sfl, ifc (inhibitor of flower color) and blv (bronze leave).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
D. P. De Vries 《Euphytica》1977,26(1):85-88
Summary In 62 clones of cut roses the numbers of flowering and blind shoots were recorded from February 1975 to January 1976. On average about 25 shoots were harvested per plant, of which 27% were blind. No significant correlation was found between the average numbers of flowering and blind shoots. Progenitors for winter flowering roses should be selected among clones that combine a constant total shoot production with a low percentage of blind shoots. 相似文献
10.
In the development of new crops such as Dimorphoteca pluvialis (L.) Moench, improvement of flowering synchronisation is an important breeding objective. The flowering of single plants
of Dimorphotheca pluvialis could be described by a logistic curve obtained by the regression of cumulative number of open flowers on time. The curve
is characterised by three parameters, corresponding with the total number of flowers produced by the plant, the rate of flowering
development and the day at which peak bloom is reached. From these parameters two other characteristics were derived, i.e.,
onset of flowering and duration of flowering. The use of the flowering model for selection for improved flowering synchronisation
is discussed. Heritabilities of flowering traits were estimated using parent-offspring regression and variance components
analyses. Onset of flowering and date of peak bloom showed high (>0.69), and total number of flowers moderate to high (0.30–0.90)
heritability values, indicating that for these traits considerable progress may be expected from mass selection, particularly
in the early selection generations. Duration of flowering showed low to moderate values (0.25–0.45), and methods other than
mass selection (e.g. family selection) should be considered. Determination of phenotypic and genetic correlations revealed
only an additive genetic correlation between date of peak bloom and duration of flowering (r
A
= 0.80 and 0.69 for 1993 and 1994, respectively), suggesting the possibility of indirect selection for curtailed duration
of flowering by means of selection against late date of peak bloom. Duration of flowering, total number of flowers and onset
of flowering were not correlated.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Christian Ritz Christian Pipper Flemming Yndgaard Kenneth Fredlund Gerhard Steinrücken 《European Journal of Agronomy》2010,32(2):155-161
Climate and environmental factors are known to influence the propensity of plants to flower. In order to capture the time dynamics in the underlying biological processes, this paper proposes to use a grouped-data survival analysis methodology. We formulate a semi-parametric model for the hazard rate of flowering, which allows all available climatic and environmental data to be included. Estimation can be carried using a generalized linear model approach. In addition, the model can be validated by means of recently developed residual-based model-checking procedures similar to what is available for ordinary regression models. The main finding is that the model proposed captures the major trends and is a first step in the direction of a model-based quantification of some climatic and environmental factors that influence the flowering of plants. 相似文献
12.
20世纪90年代以来,随着我国花卉产业的迅猛发展,组培和现代化育苗设施在花卉生产中广泛运用,花卉种苗的生产规模和数量迅速增加,香石竹、菊花等大多数花卉种类都基本实现了种苗本地化。虽然花卉种苗生产有了长足的进步,但不同种苗生产企业的产品,甚至同一企业不同时期产品的质量都良莠不齐,特别是表现为很高的带毒、带病率。究其原因之一,是目前我国缺乏统一的健康种苗生产技术标准和有效的检验认证机制及程序,从而无法对整个种苗生产流程进行严格的质量控制。欧洲是世界花卉原种繁育的中心之一,经过上百年的发展,具有了完备的花卉生产体系… 相似文献
13.
兰花试管开花研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
对兰花试管开花方面的研究进行了综述,着重介绍了兰科植物试管开花的影响因素及其调控和分子机理等方面的研究情况,指出目前存在的若干问题并提出解决对策。 相似文献
14.
Summary Crosses between an early flowering inbred broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica) HS140 and four later maturing inbred lines, S301, S310, s318, and S258, were studied to determine the inheritance of earliness as expressed by days to first open flower. Mean days to first flower for F1 and F2 were almost identical, and were close to the mean of the two parents in three crosses, indicating additive inheritance. In the cross HS140×S258, for which no F1 plants were available, the F2 mean was closer to the mean of the early parent, but this was likely due to a distortion of the data caused by the very late maturation of S258, the latest maturing parent in the study. Frequency distribution for parents and progenies supported the conclusions from parent and progeny mean values and indicated that days to maturity is a quantitative character, with mostly additive inheritance.Oregon Agricultural Experiment Station Technical Paper No. 7578. 相似文献
15.
Weixian Liu Moon Young Kim Kyujung Van Suli Sun Suk-Ha Lee 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2010,13(4):213-218
Flowering is an important stage in plant development and crucial for adaptation of plant species to different environments.
Two soybean mapping populations were used to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for days to flowering (DF) and days to
maturity (DM) by genotyping simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Single-factor analysis of variance detected association
of phenotypic data with SSR markers in each population. DF QTLs were identified on four chromosomes (chrs.); two QTLs located
on chrs. 2 and 13 with Satt041 and Satt206 in the Jinpumkong 2 × SS2-2 population and other two DF QTLs were detected on chrs.
6 and 19 with Satt100 and Satt373 in the Iksannamulkong × SS2-2 population. The major QTLs associated with Satt100 explained
30.3% of maximum phenotypic variation. Especially, all DF QTLs included QTLs for DM, except Satt206 on chr. 13. Moreover,
two additional DM QTLs were mapped on chrs. 10 and 11 with Satt243 and Satt359, respectively. DF QTL on chr. 2 with Satt041
was the newly identified QTL only in the Jinpumkong 2 × SS2-2 population and explained 10.3% of the phenotypic variation.
The single locus of Satt100 on chr. 6 and Satt373 on chr. 19 were located on soybean genomic regions of the known flowering
gene loci E1 and E3, respectively. These population-specific QTLs (Satt100 and Satt373) are the major QTLs for flowering time, putatively, they
may be related to maturity QTLs with large effect. Additionally, these QTLs are valuable for marker-assisted approaches and
could be widely adopted by soybean breeders. 相似文献
16.
17.
A.F. Stelmakh 《Euphytica》1998,100(1-3):359-369
Genetic systems regulating bread wheat ontogenesis have been studied at Ukraine's Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute, for
more than two decades. The influence of Vrn genes is the most obvious; dominant alleles of Vrn genes inhibit the vernalisation
requirement. The Vrn genotypes of more than 1000 cultivars were determined and the peculiarities of gene geography were shown.
Dominant Vrn1 or Vrn2 seemed to be replaced by Vrn3 in regions closer to the equator. In the developed sets of near-isogenic
(congenic) lines, the value of different genes was characterised for certain environments (favourable – phytotron, natural
– early or late drought) based on their effects. Methods of Vrn gene manipulation were elaborated, including methods for winter
genotype selection from spring x spring crosses. The possibility of alien homoeologous Vrn loci introgression was shown. In
the introgressed lines, the new genes were identified and found to be nonallelic to known Vrn genes in wheat. In studying
congenic lines for three Ppd genes, differences were observed in duration and intensity of photoperiodic response, vernalisation
requirement and effects on agronomic traits. For typical winter wheats, two loci were identified that influenced the duration
of the vernalisation requirement. One system, controlling intrinsic earliness, might be responsible for the differences in
reaction to light intensity, as selection of earlier genotypes is supposed to be more effective at lower light intensity.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
18.
Summary To transfer the yellow flower colour of R. foetida to Hybrid Tea roses, F1's and backcrosses with Hybrid Tea's were produced. In B1 populations, yellow, recurrent flowering seedlings occurred. Recurrent flowering was controlled by one recessive gene. 相似文献
19.
利用WGCNA进行玉米花期基因共表达模块鉴定 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
权重基因共表达网络分析(weighted gene co-expression network analysis, WGCNA)是系统生物学的一种研究方法,在挖掘生物学数据与特定性状之间的生物学关系方面具有十分重要的作用。本研究利用玉米(Zea mays L.)自交系B73的14份不同发育阶段的转录组数据,筛选掉低表达丰度的基因,最终得到了22,426个高表达的基因用于创建基因表达矩阵;利用不同组织作为性状,创建表型矩阵。然后利用R软件中的WGCNA包建立了共表达网络,共得到20个模块。本研究将与组织相关性高于0.65的模块定义为组织特异性模块,最终鉴定到14个组织特异性模块。利用在线网站Agrigo对组织特异性模块中的基因进行GO (gene ontology)富集分析,发现14个模块中均可以得到富集种类。开花作为玉米生育周期中的一个重要生理过程,不仅代表着植物从营养生长到生殖生长的转变,也关系到产量、株高和抗逆性等农艺性状。本研究发现8个组织特异性模块中的基因可以富集到与开花调控的代谢通路。此外,有17个已经报道过的开花时间调控基因存在于共表达模块中,并且主要分布在Blue模块和Darkmagenta模块,因此本研究重点关注了这2个模块内部的基因调控网络。本研究通过计算不同组织中的基因表达丰度,并联合权重基因共表达网络分析的方法,鉴定到了具有生物学意义的共表达基因模块,挖掘到了数个开花相关的模块,有助于揭示玉米开花调控的遗传机制。 相似文献
20.
Summary All accessions tested of four cultivated species ofCucurbita responded to seedling treatment with 250 ppm 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid by developing only pistillate flowers for an extended period. This growth regulator is a promising means of facilitating hybrid seed production of squash. A similar treatment did not induce flowering of wild species ofCucurbita that were vegetative under the environmental conditions of the experiment.Approved by the Director of the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station for publication as Journal Paper No. 1737. 相似文献