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1.
Bioethanol production in North America has led to the production of considerable quantities of different co‐products. Variation in nutrient profiles as well as nutrient availability among these co‐products may lead to the formulation of imbalanced diets that may adversely affect animal performance. This study aimed to compare three types of dried distiller’s grains with solubles [100% wheat DDGS (WDDGS); DDGS blend1 (BDDGS1, corn to wheat ratio 30:70); DDGS blend2 (BDDGS2, corn to wheat ratio 50:50)] and their different batches within DDGS type with regard to: (i) protein and carbohydrate sub‐fractions based on Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS); (ii) calculated energy values; and (iii) rumen degradation of dry matter (DDM), organic matter (DOM), crude protein (DCP), neutral detergent fibre (DNDF) and starch (Dstarch) at 36 and 72 h of ruminal incubations. Wheat DDGS had a lower intermediately (PB2, 136.4 vs. 187.4 g/kg DM) and a higher slowly degradable true protein (PB3, 142.2 vs.105.3 g/kg DM) than BDDGS1, but similar to those of BDDGS2. Sugar (CA4) was higher, whereas starch (PB1) and digestible fibre (PB3) were lower in WDDGS than in BDDGS1 and BDDGS2. All carbohydrate sub‐fractions determined differed significantly between the two batches of BDDGS2. The BDDGS2 had the highest calculated energy values (TDN, DE3×, ME3×, NEL3×, NEm and NEg) among the three DDGS types. The energy values were slightly different between the batches of the three DDGS types. At all incubation times, wheat DDGS had a significantly higher (p < 0.05) DDM, DOM, DCP and DNDF than both DDGS blends. Differences were observed between different batches within DDGS types with regard to in situ rumen degradation of DM, OM, CP, NDF and starch. In conclusion, differences were observed in protein and carbohydrate sub‐fractions and in situ ruminal degradation of DM, OM, CP, NDF and starch among the three DDGS types and different batches within DDGS type. This indicates that the nutrients supplied to ruminants may not only differ among different types of DDGS but it may also differ among different batches within DDGS type.  相似文献   

2.
本试验以干玉米纤维饲料(DCGF)和湿玉米纤维饲料(WCGF)为原料,分析加工工艺对玉米纤维饲料营养价值的影响。选取3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的干奶期荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,采用常规方法测定DCGF和WCGF营养成分含量,采用尼龙袋法测定瘤胃降解特性,采用三步体外法测定瘤胃非降解蛋白质(RUP)的小肠消化率,采用NRC模型预测代谢蛋白质和必需氨基酸供给量。结果表明:1)DCGF常规营养成分中除中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、中性洗涤不溶粗蛋白质(NDICP)、酸性洗涤不溶粗蛋白质(ADICP)含量显著高于WCGF(P0.05)外,其他营养成分含量均差异不显著(P0.05);2)DCGF和WCGF的瘤胃NDF降解率差异不显著(P0.05),而DCGF的瘤胃干物质(4、24、48 h)、粗蛋白质(CP)降解率(12、24、48和72 h)及有效降解率显著低于WCGF(P0.05);3)DCGF的RUP含量显著高于WCGF(P0.05),而总可消化养分和微生物蛋白质、代谢蛋白质含量与DCGF差异不显著(P0.05);4)DCGF的RUP的小肠消化率显著低于WCGF(P0.05),但总可消化蛋白质含量差异不显著(P0.05);5)饲料RUP提供的必需氨基酸中,DCGF的RUP提供的组氨酸(His)、苯丙氨酸(Phe)、异亮氨酸(Ile)以及总必需氨基酸含量显著高于WCGF(P0.05)。综合得出,DCGF和WCGF都含有高含量的可利用纤维和蛋白质,可以作为奶牛良好的纤维和蛋白质源饲料,但DCGF的瘤胃CP降解率和RUP的小肠消化率较低,可能影响其蛋白质和氨基酸的营养价值。  相似文献   

3.
This study was conducted to determine the compartment 1 (C1) characteristics of alpacas (fistulated male, 7 ± 1.5 years old, 61 ± 5 kg BW) fed grass hay (GH) supplemented with amaranth (AM), quinoa (Q) and barley (B) grains. Alpacas were provided water ad libitum while housed in metabolism crates. The GH and GH plus treatments were fed at 0700 every day. Treatment periods were for 14 days in which GH or GH plus one of the grain treatments were randomly allocated. On day 14, volatile fatty acids (VFA), pH and ammonia nitrogen (NH3‐N) were determined at 1, 3, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 24 h post‐feeding. C1 degradation of each feed component was also determined with the alpacas being fed GH only and the samples incubated for 0, 2, 4, 8, 14, 24, 48 and 72 h. Dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and crude protein (CP) were determined and were divided into three categories: a = immediately soluble; b = the non‐soluble but degradable; and u = non‐degradable/unavailable, potential extent of degradation (PE), degradation rate (c) and effective degradation (ED). C1 passage rate was determined using acid detergent insoluble ash as a marker and was calculated to be 5.5%?h‐1. Total DM intake was highest (p < 0.05) for B and resulted in a higher (p < 0.05) CP intake. GH and AM were different in mean pH (6.81 and 6.66, respectively). B NH3‐N was greater (p < 0.05) than the other treatments. Total VFA was greatest (p < 0.05) for AM, with the greatest composition differences being a shift form acetate percentage to butyrate. DM, NDF and CP degradation was different across the treatments, where PE and ED were higher (p < 0.05) for the grain treatments. The pseudo‐grains AM and Q had similar C1 degradation characteristics to B.  相似文献   

4.
This study investigated the potential of vines from four sweet potato varieties (Tia Nong 57, Tia Nong 66, Ligwalagwala and Kenya) as alternative feed resources for ruminant livestock. The chemical composition [neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), crude protein (CP) and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen (ADIN)], in vitro ruminal nitrogen (N) degradability and in vitro ruminal biological activity of tannins in the vines, harvested at 70 and 110 days after planting (DAP), were determined. Variety and harvesting stage did not (p > 0.05) influence CP and NDF content of the vines. Concentration of CP ranged from 104.9 to 212.2 g/kg DM, while NDF ranged from 439.4 to 529.2 g/kg DM across harvesting stages and varieties. Nitrogen degradability (ND) at 70 and 110 DAP was highest (p < 0.05) in Ligwalagwala (743.1 and 985.0 g/kg DM, respectively). Treatment of vines with tannin‐binding polyethylene glycol (PEG) increased (p < 0.05) in vitro ruminal cumulative gas production parameters (a, b and c). The in vitro ruminal biological activity of tannins, as measured by increment in gas production parameters upon PEG inclusion, had a maximum value of 18.2%, suggesting low to moderate antinutritional tannin activity. Ligwalagwala vines, with highly degradable N, would be the best protein supplement to use during the dry season when ruminant animals consume low N basal diets and maintenance is an acceptable production objective. Tia Nong 66 and Kenya varieties, with less degradable N, may be more suitable for use as supplements for high‐producing animals such as dairy goats.  相似文献   

5.
The objectives of this experiment were to study the regression relationship between the in vitro-estimated utilizable crude protein (uCP) and the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS) crude protein fractions, i.e. PA, PB1, PB2, PB3 and PC of feeds for ruminants, and the possibility of using CNCPS crude protein fractions for the estimation of uCP of feeds for ruminants. The CP, the non-protein nitrogen (NPN), the soluble cru de protein (SCP), the neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP) and the acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) of 30 single feeds were determined and the CP fractions, i.e. PA, PB1, PB2, PB3 and PC, were then calculated based on CNCPS. The uCP of the 30 feeds was estimated using the in vitro incubation technique of Zhao and Lebzien (2000). It was found that there was a significant multiple regression relationship between the uCP [g/kg dry matter (DM)] and the CNCPS crude protein fractions, i.e. PA (% DM), PB1 (% DM), PB2 (% DM), PB3 (% DM) and PC (% DM) of the feed samples. uCP = (9.95 +/-2.73)PA + (2.92 +/- 1.36)PB(1) + (7.24 +/- 0.86)PB(2) + (8.20 +/- 3.33)PB(3) + (17.67 +/- 3.79) PC + (63.26 +/- 18.02), r2 = 0.90, n = 30, p < 0.0001. It was suggested that the multiple regression relationship shown above could be used for the estimation of the uCP of feeds based on the CNCPS crude protein fractions PA, PB1, PB2, PB3 and PC of feeds for ruminants.  相似文献   

6.
The effect of heat treatment on the protein value of field beans, lupins and peas was studied using an in vitro method. Protein feeds were subjected to heat treatment for 30, 60 and 90 min in forced air oven at 120, 140 and 160 °C and in autoclave at 105, 120 and 135 °C. The heat‐treated protein feeds were incubated in buffered rumen fluid together with grass silage and barley in complete isonitrogenous diets. The gas production (GP) was recorded continuously, and ammonia‐N (NH3‐N) concentrations were determined during the in vitro incubation at 8, 24 and 48 h and used to determine the utilisable crude protein (uCP) at the duodenum at 16 h of incubation (uCP16). Heat treatments decreased the concentration of soluble crude protein and increased neutral detergent insoluble CP (NDICP) in all protein feeds compared to untreated. Inclusion of protein feeds to basal diet showed no increase in the uCP16 in untreated field bean diet and only a small numerical increase in the uCP16 concentrations from 160 g/kg dry matter (DM) to 166 and 172 g/kg DM in untreated lupine and pea diets, respectively, indicating high degradability of untreated feeds. Increasing the time and temperature of the heat treatment linearly increased the uCP16 concentrations in field bean and pea diets, but not in lupin diets. Autoclave treatment was more effective in decreasing uCP16 than oven treatment despite the lower temperatures used. However, the combination of highest temperatures and treatment time in autoclave increased acid detergent insoluble CP (ADICP) concentrations in protein feeds, indicating protein damage and decreased intestinal digestibility. Determining in vitro uCP and ADICP shows to be a promising method for evaluating protein value in heat‐treated animal feeds.  相似文献   

7.
The objective of the present study was to examine if near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) could be used to predict degradation parameters and effective degradation from scans of original forage samples. Degradability of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of 61 samples of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) was tested by using the in situ technique. The grass samples were harvested at three different stages, early vegetative growth, early reproductive growth and late reproductive growth. Degradability was described in terms of immediately rumen soluble fraction (a fraction, for DM and CP only as NDF does not contain a soluble fraction), the degradable but not soluble faction (b fraction) and the rate of degradation of the b fraction (c value). Overall effective degradability of DM, CP and NDF was also calculated. Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy was examined for its ability to predict degradation parameters and to make a direct prediction of effective degradation from scans of the original samples of perennial ryegrass and orchardgrass. Prediction of effective degradation of the different feed fractions showed different accuracy. The coefficients of determination (R(2)) from regressions of predicted vs. measured effective degradation, using a cross-validation method, were 0.92 for DM, 0.78 for CP and 0.61 for NDF. The attempt to predict the degradation parameters (a, b and c) by NIRS was less successful as the coefficients of determination for the degradation parameters were low. Concentrations of CP and NDF in the original samples were predicted by using NIRS and the validated R(2) value was 0.98 for CP and 0.92 for NDF. It is concluded that using NIRS predictions from scans of original samples is a promising method to obtain values for the effective degradation of DM, CP and NDF in ruminant feeds, but that larger calibration sets are necessary for obtaining improved accuracy.  相似文献   

8.
Sixteen ruminally cannulated, English-crossbred heifers (378 ± 28.4 kg) grazing small-grain pasture (SGP) were used in a completely randomized design to evaluate effects of supplementing different amounts of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS; 0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6% of BW; as-fed basis) on forage intake, digestibility, and rumen fermentation characteristics. The experiment was conducted from April 6 through April 20, 2007. Heifers grazed in a single SGP with supplements offered individually, once daily at 0700 h. Forage and total OM, CP, and NDF intake were not affected (P ≥ 0.21) by DDGS amount. Digestibility of NDF and ether extract (EE) increased linearly (P < 0.001) when heifers consumed more DDGS. Intake of DM (kg/d and g/kg of BW), ruminal volume (L), fluid dilution rate (%/h), fluid flow rate (L/h) turnover time (h), and particle dilution rate (SGP and DDGS) were not affected (P ≥ 0.32) by increasing DDGS supplementation amount. In situ DDGS CP kinetic parameters were not affected (P ≥ 0.25) by increasing DDGS supplementation amount. Forage masticate in situ soluble CP fraction and CP effective degradability increased quadratically (P = 0.01) with increasing DDGS supplementation amount. However, amount of DDGS did not affect forage masticate CP slowly degradable fraction (%; P = 0.39) or degradation rate (%/h; P = 0.63). Rate of in situ disappearance (%/h) for DDGS DM (P = 0.94), forage masticate DM (P = 0.89), and NDF (P = 0.89) were not affected by DDGS supplementation amount, nor was rumen undegradable intake protein (% of CP) for DDGS (P = 0.28) and forage masticate samples (P = 0.93). Ruminal concentration of VFA and ammonia and ruminal pH were not affected (P ≥ 0.21) by increasing DDGS amount. Results indicated that DDGS can be used in SGP supplements without negatively affecting forage intake, digestibility, or ruminal fermentation.  相似文献   

9.
氨化对油菜秸秆营养成分及山羊瘤胃降解特性的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
本试验旨在研究氨化对油菜秸秆营养成分及山羊瘤胃降解特性的影响。将粉碎的油菜秸秆用30%水和不同比例(10%、15%、20%)碳酸氢铵进行氨化处理,并于处理后7、14和21 d采集样品,与未氨化处理的油菜秸秆(对照)同时进行营养成分分析。然后采用尼龙袋法测定氨化和未氨化处理油菜秸秆的干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的瘤胃降解率。结果表明:氨化后油菜秸秆CP含量增加,粗脂肪(EE)、NDF和ADF含量下降,DM、粗灰分含量基本保持不变。氨化组油菜秸秆DM和CP有效降解率均显著高于对照组(P0.05);15%、20%碳酸氢铵氨化处理油菜秸秆ADF有效降解率均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综合得出,添加15%和20%碳酸氢铵氨化能显著提高油菜秸秆DM、CP和ADF的山羊瘤胃降解率,油菜秸秆经15%碳酸氢铵、30%水分条件下氨化处理效果最好、最经济。  相似文献   

10.
本试验旨在探讨玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(DDGS)有效能值估测模型中定标样品的选择原则。从23个玉米DDGS样品(定义为全样品库)中按酶水解物能值(EHGE)相差0.21 MJ/kg左右的梯度选择9个定标玉米DDGS样品,定义为选择性样品库;将剩余的14个玉米DDGS样品定义为非选择性样品库。然后,比较选择性样品库与非选择性样品库化学成分含量及变异的差异,以及通过全样品库和选择性样品库分别建立其化学成分对EHGE之间的回归模型,比较根据回归模型计算得到的非选择性样品库EHGE的差异。结果表明,选择性样品库和非选择性样品库的玉米DDGS在粗蛋白质(CP)、粗灰分(Ash)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量及EHGE平均值上均无显著性差异(P0.05),CP、Ash、EE、CF、ADF、NDF含量及EHGE变异的方差上均无显著性差异(P0.05)。选择性样品库和非选择性样品库化学成分含量在第一、二主成分得分载荷分布上,选择性样品库中仅1个玉米DDGS样品未与非选择性样品库的分布范围重叠。以选择性样品库样品建立的EHGE预测模型为EHGE=(3 566+53.94×EE-32.68×NDF)×4.184/1 000(R2=0.798 1,RSD=0.43 MJ/kg);以全样品库样品建立的预测模型为EHGE=(3 742+29.67×EE-29.71×NDF)×4.184/1 000(R2=0.535 0,RSD=0.44 MJ/kg)。由2个模型获得的非选择性样品库(n=14)玉米DDGS的EHGE计算值与其实测值的绝对残差平均值分别为0.47和0.33 MJ/kg,差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,在玉米DDGS有效能值的估测建模中,以EHGE作为定标样品的选择依据是可行的。  相似文献   

11.
We evaluated the effect of three sources of dried distillers' grains with solubles (DDGS) in diets of mid‐lactating dairy cows on milk production and milk composition and on digestibility in sheep. DDGS from wheat, corn and barley (DDGS1), wheat and corn (DDGS2) and wheat (DDGS3) were studied and compared with a rapeseed meal (RSM). RSM and DDGS were characterized through in situ crude protein (CP) degradability. Nutrient digestibility was determined in sheep. Twenty‐four multiparous cows were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 28‐day periods. Treatments included total mixed rations containing as primary protein sources RSM (control), DDGS1 (D1), DDGS2 (D2) or DDGS3 (D3). RSM contained less rapidly degradable CP (fraction a), more potentially degradable CP (fraction b) and more rumen undegradable CP (UDP) than the three DDGS. In vivo digestibility of RSM organic matter was similar to DDGS. Calculated net energy for lactation (NEL) was lower for RSM (7.4 MJ/kg DM) than for DDGS, which averaged 7.7 MJ/kg DM. Cows' dry matter intake did not differ between diets (21.7 kg/day). Cows fed D1 yielded more milk than those fed D3 (31.7 vs. 30.4 kg/day); no differences were found between control and DDGS diets (31.3 vs. 31.1 kg/day). Energy‐corrected milk was similar among diets (31.2 kg/day). Diets affected neither milk fat concentration (4.0%) nor milk fat yield (1.24 kg/day). Milk protein yield of control (1.12 kg/day) was significantly higher than D3 (1.06 kg/day) but not different form D1 and D2 (1.08 kg/day each). Feeding DDGS significantly increased milk lactose concentration (4.91%) in relation to control (4.81%). DDGS can be a suitable feed in relation to RSM and can be fed up to 4 kg dry matter per day in rations of dairy cows in mid‐lactation. However, high variation of protein and energy values of DDGS should be considered when included in diets of dairy cows.  相似文献   

12.
The effects of corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) feeding on rumen fermentation and milk production in cows were evaluated using diets high in neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 45.9–46.6%). The control diet (Control) consisted mainly of hay, corn silage and concentrates. In the experimental diets, the concentrates were replaced with DDGS as 10% dry matter (DM) (10%DDGS) and 20% DM (20%DDGS). Eight cows were used for each 14‐day treatment period. Effect of DDGS feeding on DM intake was not significant. Ruminal volatile fatty acids and ammonia‐N at 5 h after feeding of 20%DDGS were decreased compared to Control, whereas protozoal count at 2 h after feeding of 20%DDGS was higher than that of 10%DDGS. Milk yield of cows fed DDGS diets was greater than that of Control, although percentages of milk protein and solids‐not‐fat were decreased by DDGS diets. The proportions of C10:0, C12:0, C14:0 and C16:0 in the milk fat decreased, and those of C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and cis‐9, trans‐11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) increased markedly with elevated DDGS. Increase in trans‐11 C18:1 was observed in the rumen fluid at 5 h after feeding. These findings suggest that DDGS feeding enhanced milk yield, as well as CLA synthesis under a high dietary NDF condition.  相似文献   

13.
A study was conducted to determine the effects of stage of maturity on ensiling characteristics and ruminal nutrient degradability of oat silage. Oat was field grown and forage was harvested at the boot or soft dough stage and ensiled in mini-silos for 0, 2, 4, 8, 16 and 45 days. Two lactating Holstein cows fitted with ruminal fistulas were used determine ruminal nutrient degradability. Regardless of the stage of maturity, ensiled forages went through a rapid fermentation with a sharp decline in pH during the first 2 days of ensiling. Extensive proteolysis took place between 0 and 2 days as indicated by a reduction in true protein and neutral detergent insoluble protein (NDICP) and an increase in non-protein nitrogen (NPN). Chemical analysis of the 45 days silage showed that stage of maturity had no effect on neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) of oat silage. However, oat harvested at the boot stage contained more crude protein (CP) and less starch than that harvested at the soft dough stage. Distribution of protein fractions showed that oat harvested at the boot stage contained lower NPN, NDICP and acid detergent insoluble protein than oat harvested at the soft dough stage. Results of the in situ incubation experiment indicated that oat harvested at the soft dough stage had lower ruminal dry matter (60.6 vs. 66.4%). CP (81.3 vs. 88.7%) and NDF (35.4 vs. 42.2%) degradabilities than oat harvested at the boot stage. It was concluded that chemical composition and ruminal nutrient degradability of oat silage are significantly influenced by stage of maturity.  相似文献   

14.
选用3个品种(肇东、龙牧801和龙牧803)、3个不同生育期(现蕾期、初花期和盛花期)的紫花苜蓿,研究不同生育期与品种对苜蓿营养价值及瘤胃降解特性的影响。结果表明,粗蛋白质(CP)含量、粗灰分(CA)含量、CP和中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的瘤胃有效降解率及快速降解组分(a组分)含量均随生育期的延长而降低;NDF、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)和CP的慢速降解组分(b组分)含量随生育期的延长而升高;肇东和龙牧803的CP含量、NDF有效降解率极显著高于龙牧801(P<0.01);ADF含量、CP有效降解率按肇东、龙牧801、龙牧803顺序显著降低(P<0.05);生育期与品种对CP含量、CA含量及CP、NDF有效降解率均有明显的互作效应。  相似文献   

15.
孙建平  董宽虎 《草地学报》2016,24(6):1323-1330
为研究不同紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）品种在牛瘤胃中的降解规律,本试验以10个紫花苜蓿品种为材料,以3头装有永久性瘘管的晋南牛作为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法测定不同紫花苜蓿品种干物质（DM）、粗蛋白质（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）的瘤胃降解率和降解参数。结果表明：不同紫花苜蓿品种DM,CP,NDF和ADF的降解率随着其在瘤胃内培养时间的延长,均呈升高趋势,但不同品种在同一培养时间段内的降解率存在显著差异;不同紫花苜蓿品种的有效降解率（ED）的差异较大,‘WL-319HQ DM’的ED最高,显著高于‘中苜一号’和‘首领’（P<0.01）;‘金皇后’CP的ED显著高于除‘赛迪’之外的其他品种;‘WL-168HQ’、‘中苜一号’NDF的ED显著高于除‘首领’之外的其他品种;‘三得利’、‘皇后’ADF的ED显著高于其他品种（P<0.05）。由此可见,不同紫花苜蓿品种在瘤胃内的降解特性不同。  相似文献   

16.
本试验旨在利用尼龙袋法比较不同品种全株玉米青贮前后瘤胃降解特性的差异。试验采用2×3双因素试验设计，选择玉米7367号、玉米7377号、玉米7387号3个全株玉米品种为研究对象，采用尼龙袋法比较3种全株玉米青贮前和青贮后的营养成分和瘤胃降解特性，旨在探讨适合河北省种植的全株玉米青贮品种。结果表明：1）青贮前玉米7377的粗蛋白（CP）和非蛋白氮（NPN）含量显著高于玉米7367和玉米7387（P<0.05）；玉米7677和玉米7377的中性洗涤纤维（NDF）含量显著低于玉米7387（P<0.05）；玉米7677的酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量显著低于玉米7377和玉米7387（P<0.05）。与青贮前同品种全株玉米相比，3种全株玉米青贮后的CP、粗脂肪（EE）、粗灰分（Ash）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）、NPN含量显著提高（P<0.05），NDF含量显著下降。玉米7367青贮的CP和NPN含量显著高于玉米7377青贮和7387青贮（P<0.05）；玉米7677青贮和7377青贮的NDF和ADF含量显著低于玉米7387青贮（P<0.05）。2）不同品种全株玉米青贮前的DM、CP、NDF、ADF瘤胃降解率有显著差异，玉米7367的干物质（DM）和NDF有效降解率显著高于玉米7377和玉米7387（P<0.05）；玉米7377的CP有效降解率显著高于玉米7367和玉米7387（P<0.05）。青贮处理能显著提高3种全株玉米DM、CP、NDF和ADF的快速降解部分（P<0.05），降低其慢速降解部分（P<0.05），显著提高其有效降解率（P<0.05）。玉米7367青贮的DM、CP、NDF、ADF有效降解率显著高于玉米7377和玉米7387（P<0.05）。综合表明青贮处理能很好地保存3种全株玉米的营养成分，显著提高DM、CP、NDF和ADF的瘤胃降解率；玉米7367青贮前和青贮后的营养成分和瘤胃降解率显著高于玉米7377和玉米7387，在本试验中是比较适合河北省种植的全株玉米青贮品种。  相似文献   

17.
为了快速测定内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草原天然牧草的营养成分,试验选用内蒙古锡林郭勒盟草原2016年5-11月份的主要牧草及混合牧草样品共407份,研究利用近红外漫反射全光谱扫描技术结合实验室检测数据,用修正偏最小二乘法（MPLS）,进行粗蛋白（CP）、中性洗涤纤维（NDF）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、木质素（ADL）、粗灰分（Ash）、粗脂肪（EE）、钙（Ca）、磷（P）的定标和验证。结果表明：Ca、NDF、DM、CP、Ash的外部验证相对分析误差RPD（SD/SEP）均 > 3,NIRS预测值与化学值的相关系数RSQ均在0.9以上,说明这5个指标的定标效果较好, 建立的定标模型可以用于实际检测;ADF外部验证相对分析误差2.5  相似文献   

18.
试验研究了不同产地的玉米干酒糟及其可溶物(corn dried distillers grains with solubles,DDGS)样品的瘤胃降解规律,旨在为科学配置奶牛日粮提供依据。试验选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的干奶期中国荷斯坦奶牛,利用尼龙袋原位培养法研究不同产地DDGS在奶牛瘤胃中的降解规律。结果表明,DDGS干物质含量大部分都在90%左右,粗蛋白质含量在不同产地之间存在一定的差异,从26.4%到32.5%不等。不同的DDGS样品的干物质瘤胃降解参数则存在一定的差异,以河北(HB2)、黑龙江(HLJ2)两个样品的快速降解部分含量最高,天津(TJ)、河南(HN)两个样品的快速降解部分含量最低,其余样品居中。慢速降解部分含量以黑龙江(HLJ1和HLJ2)、河北(HB1和HB2)的样品中含量较低为60%左右,TJ、安徽(AH)和HN含量较高为75%左右;慢速降解部分的降解速度由0.025 h-1到0.044 h-1不等;DDGS干物质的有效降解率从41.0%～58.2%不等;DDGS粗蛋白质的快速降解部分含量17%左右,TJ含量较低仅为3.3%;粗蛋白质的慢速降解部分含量最低为HB1和HLJ1均为58.7%,最高为HB2和HLJ2,分别为82.2%和82.1%;粗蛋白质慢速降解部分的降解速度也各不相同,由0.013 h-1到0.035 h-1;粗蛋白质的有效降解率最低为TJ的22.5%,最高为吉林(JL)的53.4%。不同产地DDGS的营养成分含量及瘤胃的降解参数存在较大的差异,因而在DDGS的推广应用中,应该采用一种简便、快速的方法测定其各种营养成分含量,以便更有效地利用氮素,减少饲料资源的浪费。  相似文献   

19.
We studied silage fermentation of kudzu (KZ), sugarcane top (ST) and their mixtures treated with additives to be able to effectively use available local feed resources. The silages were prepared using KZ, ST, KZ 90% + ST 10%, KZ 80% + ST 20%, KZ 70% + ST 30% and KZ 60% + ST 40%, based on fresh matter (FM). These silages were treated with 108 colony‐forming units/g epiphytic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), 5% molasses and 0.02% cellulase of FM. The KZ contained higher crude protein (CP; 14.52%) content and lower levels of neutral detergent fiber (NDF; 62.15%) than those of ST (6.84% CP and 64.93% NDF) based on dry matter (DM). The KZ 60% + ST 40% silage fermented well with a higher (P < 0.05) lactic acid content and lower (P < 0.05) pH than those of the other mixed silages. Silages treated with molasses had lower (P < 0.05) ammonia‐N, NDF, acid detergent fiber, and hemi‐cellulose contents as well as pH, but higher (P < 0.05) DM, water‐soluble carbohydrate, and lactic acid contents, than those of the control, LAB and cellulase treatments. The results confirmed that KZ 60% + ST 40% was the best mixing ratio to prepare silage, and molasses improved silage fermentation and fiber degradation.  相似文献   

20.
为研究辣木的瘤胃降解特性,探索辣木在反刍动物饲料中的应用技术,以3头安装永久性瘘管的奶牛为试验动物,采用尼龙袋法测定辣木叶、辣木枝、辣木茎在瘤胃内的降解率和降解参数。结果表明:辣木干物质(DM)、有机物(OM)在瘤胃内的降解率和降解参数变化趋势相近, 48 h达到降解平台期,但不同部位的降解率差异较大。辣木叶干物质(DM)96 h降解率最高,为69.34%,辣木枝和辣木茎依次降低;辣木各部位干物质(DM)和有机物(OM)的有效降解率差异显著(P<0.05),叶、枝、茎的有效降解率依次降低。辣木叶粗蛋白(CP)的96 h降解率高达90.86%,较辣木茎和枝分别高22.84%、38.92%;三者粗蛋白(CP)的有效降解率依次降低,但粗蛋白(CP)的有效降解率明显高于干物质(DM)和有机物(OM);辣木叶瘤胃降解蛋白(RDP)含量最高为15.57%,高于过瘤胃蛋白(RUP)含量,但辣木枝和茎的过瘤胃蛋白(RUP)含量高于瘤胃降解蛋白(RDP)含量。辣木叶、枝、茎中性洗涤纤维(NDF)的96 h瘤胃降解率依次降低,分别为50.55%、27.11%、16.24%,辣木叶和辣木枝酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)的96 h降解率大小相近;辣木叶的NDF、ADF的有效降解率均显著高于辣木枝和辣木茎(P<0.05)。因此从瘤胃降解特性来看,辣木3个部位的营养价值依次为辣木叶>辣木枝>辣木茎。在饲喂奶牛过程中,建议单独饲喂辣木叶,辣木枝混合营养含量高的饲料饲喂,不建议将辣木茎直接作为奶牛饲料。  相似文献   

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